高中英语必修三语法点.docx

1、高中英语必修三语法点高中英语必修三考点一 情态动词（ unit 1 ，unit 2）一、情态动词的特点:1.没有人称和数的变化。2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化e.g. will would , can:could , maydare mightdared,二、情态动词的否定式 :情态动词 + not + 动词原形 can not: cant , must not: mustnt , need not : neednt三、情态动词的用法及相互区别 , 是考试的内容之一1. can , be able tobe able to表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to有多种形式的变化。c

2、an1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力 ;2). 表示允许、可能性。could 是 can 的过去式 , 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to(NMET 97 )2) -Will you stay for lunch?-Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)A. I mustnt

3、 B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式 ; 用在疑问中比 may 委婉、客气。1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustnt. ( Yes, you may.)2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.3. must1). 表示必须要做的事2) 表示很有把握的推断: 必须: 一定 ,准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to必

4、须 ,不得不。过去式 : had to3) -Must I get to the station before three oclock? -Yes, you must. ( No, you neednt. )4) Im afraid you will have to wait a while.5) She must be in the classroom now.6) Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94)A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. may not4.

5、 shall1) 在疑问句中 , 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2) 用于二、三人称 ,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。1) - Shall I place an order with you now? - No, you needn t.-Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -Yes, please.(No, please dont.)2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3) Everything that he owns shall be

6、taken away from him.4) Your brother seldom comes to see you, _? A. does he B. doesnt he C. will he D. isnt he5) Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont we B. will weC. dont we D. shall we5. should应该; 应当1) You should listen to the doctors advice.2) You should study the article carefully.6. will, w

7、ould1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称 ,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用 would 语气更加婉转。2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态 ; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。3) will 用于各种人称 , 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺 ; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、 .。(1)Dont smoke in the meeting room, _ you?A. do youB. will you C. can you D. could you-Will you come with me?-Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I cant.)(2)-W

8、ould you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will.(3) - Its my birthday tomorrow. Dont forget to come to my party.- _ .A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I haven7. ought to应该 ;应当1) You oughtnt to smoke too much.2) She _ for what she has done.C. ought to have praised D. ought to be praise8. dare

9、1. dare to come 2. dare come1) He dare not tell the truth.2) He doesnt dare to come out at night.3) I dont know whether he _ try.A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed9. need1). 作为情态动词 :必须2). 作为实义动词 : 需要A. 主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done)1) -Do

10、they need to take any books with them? -No, they dont need to.2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we neednt.3) This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired.4) -Shall I tell John about it ?- No, you _ . Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldntC. mustnt D. shouldnt5) Its a

11、fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you.A. cant B. mustntC. neednt D. may not情态动词+ 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点1、 must have done, “定做过一 /一定已经 ”，表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯定句2、 may/might have done 也许做过某事（推测） ；本来可以做某事却没做3、 cant have done 为否定句或疑问句 ,对过去的推测 “不可能，一定没做过某事 ” could have done 本来可以做某事却没做4. needn t have done表示 ”不必

12、要做某事，但做了 ”，而 needn t do则表示 ”不必做 (也没做 ) ”5.、 ought to /should have done 表示 ”本来应当做的却没做 ”oughtn t / shouldn t have本来done不应该做某事却做了6、 would/could/might/should + have done 用来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气7、 would rather have done 表示 ”当时宁愿做了某事 ”，否定形式： would rather not have donee.g. If I had been free that day, I would hav

13、e gone with you.8、 would like/love to have done 表示 ”本想做某事 ” 而实际上未做。考点二 名词性从句（ unit 3， unit 4 ） 高考高频考点名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句考点 1 主语从句从属连词(不作成分）that, whether连接代词（作成分）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever连接副词 when, where, how, why（作状语）1连接词 that， whether 引导 That the college wiU take in more new student

14、s this year is true今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。特别提示(1)if 不能引导主语从句。(2)形式主语 it 替代主语从句。常见的 it 替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：AIt+ 系动词 +形容词 +that 从句。如：when, where, how, whythat, whether, ifwhat, who, whom, whose, which, wh+everIt is quite clear that the

15、 whole project is doomed to failure注 : 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .中，that 后面的从”句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形It s necessary that we should have a walk now.BIt+ 系动词 +名词 +that 从句。如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。注 : 在 It is demanded/su

16、ggested/ordered/required-clause.that句型中从句用(should )+动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.CIt+be+v ed 形式 +that 从句。如：It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out据宣布计划已经顺利实施。注 : 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that 句型中从.句也常用 (should )+动词原型It s a pity that you (should)

17、miss a good chance 2连接代词引导What we can t get seems better than what we already have我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。who the letter was from is still unknown这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。 Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不

18、清楚。why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。考点 2 宾语从句从属连词(不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）1连接词 that，whether，if 引导 I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I don t know if/whether he still lives here aftero smany years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。特别提示whether/if 都意

19、为 “是否 ”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用下情况中，只能用 whether。(1)与 or not 紧接连用时。如：if ，但以Let me knoW whether or not you can come请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2连接代词和连接副词引导连接代词有 what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever 等，连接副词有 when，where，why，how 等。如：She a

20、sked me whose handwriting was the best in the class她问我班上谁的书法最好。 I 11 just say whatever comes into my mind我想到什么就说什么。Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗 ? I ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。3宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He

21、 asked me when we could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。 Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗 ?4宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时 ) she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。 (从句是一

22、般将来时 )She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。 (从句是现在完成时 )(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。 (从句是一般过去时 ) He said that he was going to take care of the baby他说他会去照看这个婴儿。 (从句是过去将来时 )He said that they were having a meet

23、ing at that time他说他们那时正在开会。 (从句是过去进行时 )(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。特别提示在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：(1)动词 find ，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，

24、suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用 it 作形式宾语，而将 that 宾语从句后置。如： I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries我每天写日记成了惯例。(2)hate，like ，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示 “喜欢；痛恨；认为 ” 的动词或动词短语和 see to表示 “注意，留意 ”后有宾语补足语时，需要用 it 作形式宾语而将宾

25、语从句后置。如： I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine， you must see to it that the car is in neutral启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：She is always thinking of how she can do more for others她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit stud

26、ents into our club我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。(4)宾语从句的否定转移。 将 think ，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中， 即主句的谓语动词用否定式， 而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如： I don t think I know you我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come我相信他不回来。(5) 在于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句谓语用 should +动词原形（ insist, order, command, suggest, advis

27、e, propose, require, request, demand, desire ）We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.考点 3、表语从句从属连词(不作成分）that, whether, as if, as thought连接代词（作成分）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever连接副词（作状语）when, where, how, why.because1连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been他informed缺席的原因

28、就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop问题是谁将接管这家店铺。 That is when I realized the importance of journalism那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。特别提示(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如 seem， appear，look ，taste， sound，feel

29、等。常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done)如.： It sounds as if someone was knocking at the door听上去好像有人在敲门。He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it(2)当主句的主语是 reason时，表语从句一般由 that 引导，这种用法常见于句型 The reason whyis that 如：。The reason why he came late was that he got up late他来得晚是因为起床晚了。考点 4 同位语从句同

30、位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语， 一般位于该名词之后， 说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有 idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise， suggestion， order 等。1通常用连词 that 引导同位语从句， that 无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。 I have no idea that she quit her present job我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。