动词 一般现在时现在进行时.docx

1、动词 一般现在时现在进行时动词 Verb 何谓动词？动词有什么作用？动词是用来表示主语做什么（即行为动词），或表示主语是什么或怎么样（即状态动词）的词。例如：The boy runs fast.（这个男孩跑得快。）runs表示主语的行为He is a boy.（他是个男孩。）is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态。动词的种类：动词可以分为以下五类：类别（英语缩写）特点例词举例实义动词及物动词（vt.）接宾语see，read, trust etc.We love peace. (我们热爱和平。)不及物动词 (vi.)不接宾语look at, listen to etc.Classes begi

2、n. (开始上课。)系动词 （link.v.）接表语（名词，形容词，动名词）smell, be, taste, feel, sound etc.Im a student. (我是一个学生。)助动词 （aux.v.）接动词原形或分词（无特殊意思）be, have, do, does, shall, will etc.I will have my breakfast. (我要吃早餐了。)情态动词 （mod.v.）接动词原形 （有说话者的意思）can, may, must, should etc.He must study hard. (他必须用功学习。)实战演练指出下列各句中划线部分是什么动词，并

3、说明词义，例：All of us study hard.（vi. 学习）1、He began to work at seven this morning.（ ）2、I have left the key at home.（ ）3、We must take the old woman to the hospital at once.（ ）4、Billy felt very sad when he heard the bad news.（ ）5、Think it over, and you will have a good idea.（ ）6、Dont think of yourself；thin

4、k of others.（ ）7、We are college students now, but we were at the factory two years ago.（ ）8、Mr. Black got angry when he saw Jenny come to school late again.（ ）9、Please wash your hands before each meal.（ ）10、Li Ming often works for the wall-newspaper after school.（ ）情态动词详解： 情态动词：表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，“必须”

5、，“可能”，“应当”，“必要”等。情态动词有词义，但词义不完全， 不能单独做谓语，其后必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语。另外，情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 Can/Could(过去式): 表示能力，可能性和允许（could在语气上更委婉）E.g. I can skate quite well. 能力 I could use the computer when I was 8. 能力（过去） I think a tiger can live up to 20 years. 可能性 Can/could I borrow these books? 允许肯定句：主语 + can + 动词原形 + E.g.

6、Birds can fly in the sky. (鸟儿能在天空中飞翔。)否定句：主语 + can + not + 动词原形 + E.g. Birds cant swim in the water. (鸟儿不能在水中游。)疑问句：Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + ? Yes, can. / No, cant. E.g. Can a bird swim? No, it cant. (鸟儿能游泳吗？不，它不能。) E.g. Can a bird fly? Yes，it can. （鸟儿能飞吗？是的，它能。） May/ Might(过去式): 表示请求、许可，比can正式；表示可能、或许，谈论可

7、能性，表示推测，一般用于可肯定句。E.g. May I borrow you pen? 请求 Tomorrow I may go shopping. 可能、或许 He might be our new teacher. 或许 Must: 1. 用于肯定句中表示推测，“必定，肯定”，否定句用cant, 不用must.E.g. There must be some mistakes. 肯定 The story sounds strange, it cant be true. 2. mustnt 表示“不应该”，“不许可”，“不准”，“禁止”。 E.g. You mustnt speak like

8、that. 不准 You mustnt cross the road in front of the traffic. 不应该肯定句：主语 + must + 动词原形 + E.g. You must go to see the doctor. (你必须去看医病。)否定句：主语 + must + not + 动词原形 + E.g. You mustnt be late for school. (你上学一定不能迟到。)疑问句：Must + 主语 + 动词原形 + ? Yes, must. / No neednt. / No,dont have to.E.g. -Must I come here b

9、efore 9? (我必须在9点前来吗？)- Yes, you must. -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.（是的，你必须来。 不，你没必要9点来。） Should: 是shall的过去式，表示劝告，建议，意思是“应当, 应该”。E.g. You should read this book. 应该肯定句：主语 + should + 动词原形 + E.g. Children should go to school. (孩子们应该上学。)否定句：主语 + should + not + 动词原形 + E.g. Children shouldnt hav

10、e too much money. (孩子们不应该有太多的钱。)疑问句：Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + ? Yes,. should. / No,. shouldnt. E.g. Should children choose their own clothes to wear?(孩子们应该自己选衣服穿吗？) Yes, they should. / No, they shouldnt. (是的，他们可以。不，他们吧可以。) 备注：实义动词和系动词在一个句子中可以充当谓语；但是助动词和情态动词不能，并且其后的动词需用动词原形。实战演练1. When crossing the street

11、, you _ be too careful.A. neednt B. could C. must D. cant2. I know things are hard with you, but you _ try to get over the difficulties.A. can B. may C. must D. ought3. He _ the 9:20 train because he didnt leave home till 9:25.A. can reach B. could catchC. may not catch D. couldnt have caught4. This

12、 pen looks like mine, yet it isnt. Whose _ it be?A. must B. canC. mayD. might5. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts.A. must have sailed B. can sailC. might have sailedD. should have sailed6. He must have finished his homework, _ he?A. mustnt B. did

13、ntC. neednt D. hasnt7. John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need8. Who is the girl standing over there? Well , if you _ know, her name is Mabel.A. mayB. can C. must D. shall9. Do you still remember when we went to the great wall? I cant remember i

14、t well, but _ it have been sometimes last May?A. should B. must C. could D. would10. I came here by taxi and the driver charged me 50 Yuan. Really? You _ have come by bus.A. neednt B. must C. mayD. should11. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it the police?A. should B. m

15、ay C. will D. can12. In case I _, I would try again.A. will fail B. would missC. should fail D. shall miss13. This couple had been separated for twenty years; you _ imagine how happy they were when they met again.A. might B. will C. can D. must14. I talked for a long time, and in the end I _ make hi

16、m believe me.A. was able to B. could C. mayD. might15. Two eyes _ see more than one.A. can B. mayC. willD. should16. See whos there! _ it be Mary?A. May B. Must C. Can D. Will17. _ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A. Would B. Will C. May D. Should18. Has it been war

17、ned that all the children in this area _ stay at their homes until the Bird Flu has been controlled?A. can B. will C. may D. shall19. May I sit beside you, sir? No, you _. My girlfriend is coming soon.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt20. Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for wo

18、men and children only.A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt21. When we got to the cinema, the film hasnt started yet, so we _.A. neednt hurry B. didnt need hurryC. neednt to hurryD. neednt have hurried22. The driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things _ happen at any time.A. should B. can C.

19、must D. need23. As he had heart attack, he was told that he _ continue the work.A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant动词的基本形式动词有四种基本形式：动词原形（即前面不加to的动词不定式形式）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 动词的过去式和过去分词的构成1） 规则动词的变化构成法例词一般加-ed work worked，worked 以e结尾的词加-d live lived，lived 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，改y为i，再加-ed study studied，studied

20、 以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加-ed play played，played 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop stopped，stopped prefer preferred，preferred2） 不规则动词的变化（参见不规则动词变换表格） 动词的现在分词构成构成法例词一般加-ing work working 以e结尾的词去e后加-ing live living以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing stop stopping refer referring以ie结尾的重读开音节的

21、词，改ie为y，再加-ing die dying实战演练请依次填写下列单词的中文意思现在分词过去式过去分词1.have ( )_ _ _2.write( )_ _ _3.read ( )_ _ _4.close( )_ _ _5.open ( )_ _ _6.live ( )_ _ _7.sing ( )_ _ _8.dance ( )_ _ _9.play ( )_ _ _10.look ( )_ _ _11.learn ( )_ _ _12.listen ( )_ _13.swim ( )_ _14.ride ( )_ _ _15.put ( )_ _ 一般现在时 be动词的现在时be动词

22、：系动词的一种，表示“是”。现在时有am，is，are三种，这三种的原形动词时be，所以把他们称为be动词。（单数名词 + is）（复数名词 + are）be动词的句型：肯定句： 主语 + be动词 + E.g. Mary is a student. (玛丽是一名学生。)否定句： 主语 + be动词 + not + E.g. Mary isnt a student. (玛丽不是一名学生。)疑问句： Be动词 +主语 + + ？Yes，be动词./ No, be动词. E.g. Is Mary a student? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. (玛丽是一名学生吗？是

23、的，她是。/不，她不是。)人称主语be动词中文意思第一人称I (单数)am我是We（复数）are我们是第二人称You(单数)are你是You（复数）are你们是第三人称He（男性）is他是She（女性）is她是It（其他）is它是They（复数）are他们是be动词用法歌：我用am,你用are，is连接他，她，它。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。实战演练一、在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。I _ a girl. My name _ Mary. I _ in Class 2, Grade 7.

24、 I _ 12 years old. Here _ my family photo. Look! These _ my parents and those _ my grandparents. This boy _ my brother. He _ 15 years old now. That _ my cat, Mimi. It _ very lovely.二、用am, is, are 填空1)I_astudent. 2) You_adoctor. 3) _shefromJinan? 4) _youan American? 5) He_inClass4,Grade1. 6) It_acar.

25、 7) They_cars. 8) _yourmotherinChina? 9) _yourfriendsinNewYork?10) What_hername? 11) These_buses. 12) Those_oranges. 13) Where_hermother? 14) Howold_yourteacher? 15) Whatclass_youin? 一般动词的现在时一般动词：除了be动词，助动词，情态动词以外的动词全部成为一般动词。表示“做”。在一般动词句型中，主语是第三人称单数时的动词变化要特别注意。一般动词的句型：肯定句： 主语+ 动词 + 1）主语（除第三人称单数外） +

26、动词 + E.g. I like to swim on Saturday. (我喜欢周六游泳。)2） HeShe + 动词-s / -es + （主语第三人称单数）ItE.g. He plays baseball every Sunday. (他每个星期日都打棒球。)否定句： 1）主语 + do not（= dont）+ 动词 + E.g. we dont watch TV at home. (我们不在家看电视。)2）主语（第三人称单数） + does not（= doesnt）+ 动词 + E.g. She doesnt study hard. (她不用功学习。)疑问句： 1）Do + 主语

27、 + 动词原形 + ？Yes, do. / No, dont. E.g. Do they walk to the park? (他们要走去公园吗？) Yes, they do. / No, they dont. （是的，他们要。 不他们不要。）2）Does + 主语(第三人称单数) + 动词原形 + ？Yes, does. / No, doesnt. E.g. Does it look like a hat? (这只猫看起来像一顶帽子吗？)Yes, it does. / No, it doesnt. （是的，它看起来像。 不，它看起来不像。）动词第三人称单数构成的规则变化像play, like, go等是一般动词的现在式，当其主语为第三人称单数时，字尾要加-s，-es，形成plays，likes，goes