论文范例.docx

1、论文范例外国语学院学生毕业论文 题 目Linguistic Features and Translation Techniques of Business English商务英语的语言特点及其翻译技巧 专 业 英 语 班 级 02335 学生姓名 赵巧珍 学 号 30 指导教师 余祥越 2006年 4月 27 日 Contents Abstract in English3Abstract in Chinese31. Introduction 42. Linguistic Features of Business English4 2.1. Definition of Business Engl

2、ish4 2.2. Functions of Business English4 2.3. Lexical Analysis of Business English5 2.3.1. Use of Abbreviations 5 2.3.2. Use of Compounds6 2.3.3. Use of Formal Words6 2.3.4. Use of Technical Terms7 2.3.5. Use of Shoot and Simple Verbs8 2.4. Syntactic Features of Business English8 2.4.1. Sentence Len

3、gth8 2.4.2. Use of Programmed Sentence Structure9 2.4.3. Use of Strong Opening Sentence10 2.5. Wording Features of Business English10 2.5.1. Use of the Present Tense11 2.5.2. More Uses of the Active Voice11 2.5.3. More Uses of the Direct Way to Express Meaning11 2.5.4. Use of Courteous Tone113. Tran

4、slation Techniques of Business English12 3.1. Definition of Translation12 3.2. Business Translation at Present12 3.3. Standards for Business English Translation13 3.4. Translation Techniques of Business English14 3.4.1.Choosing the Exact Words14 3.4.1.1. Identifying the Basic Meaning and Extended Me

5、aning 14 3.4.1.2. Identifying the Normal Meaning and Technical Meaning15 3.4.2. Omission and Supplement15 3.4.2.1. Omission of Unnecessary Words15 3.4.2.2. Omission of Cumbersome Words15 3.4.2.3. Adding Necessary Words and Expression164. Other Techniques 16 4.1. Transformation of Parts of Speech16 4

6、.1.1. Translating Nouns into Verbs16 4.1.2. Translating Adjectives into Adverbs17 4.1.3. Translating Adjectives into verbs17 4.2. Translation of Abbreviations17 4.3 .Translation of Courteous Tone185. Requirements for Translators186. Conclusion19Bibliography 21Acknowledgements 22 AbstractWith the dee

7、pening of globalization of the world economy, international business intercourse has been in a much more frequent trend. English has been involved in various fields in commercial activities, such as the technology transfer, foreign trade, international financing, transnational tourism and internatio

8、nal transportation, are wholly called business English. English has become an indispensable linguistic communication means in the world economic field. So it is important for us to learn business English. Business English has its distinct features. This paper discusses its features from three aspect

9、s: lexis, syntax and pragmatics. These features should be fully understood and exercised flexibly in the course of translation of business English, which is the precondition of a proper and good translation. Meanwhile, there are many translation techniques, such as omission, supplement, transformati

10、on and so on. One should manage some translation techniques as to be a good translator. In order to help readers know more about translation techniques of business English, this paper also discusses some translation techniques of business English.Key Words: Business English; linguistic features; tra

11、nslation techniques 摘 要 随着经济全球化的深入，国际贸易日趋频繁。英语被广泛应用到各商业领域，如技术转让、跨国贸易、国际融资，旅游和国际运输等，所有这些统称为商务英语。英语已经成为世界上必不可少的交流工具。商务英语的语言有其鲜明的特点。本文从用词、句法和用语三方面探讨了商务英语的语言特点。充分了解和掌握这些特点，并灵活地运用到商务英语的翻译之中，是做好商务英语翻译的前提。同时，商务英语有很多翻译技巧，比如增词、减词和词类转换等。想成为一个好的译者，掌握一些翻译技巧是很有必要的。为了让读者更好的了解这些翻译技巧，本文着重探讨了一些商务英语的翻译技巧，希望对读者有所帮助。关键

12、词: 商务英语;语言特点;翻译技巧LINGUISTIC FEATURES AND TRANSLATIONTECHNIQUES OF BUSINESS ENGLISH 1. IntroductionBusiness English language is now widely used in the economy area. It is different from normal English language, which can be seen from lexical features, syntactic features and wording features. Based on

13、 these linguistic features, the translation methods of business English are different from normal ones. Here, some new translation techniques of business English will be introduced. 2. Linguistic Features of Business English2.1. Definition of Business English Business English is a special term given

14、 to English by non-English speaking nations for international trade. It is usually called business English, Business Correspondence or Business Letter in the USA. In Britain, it is often called Commercial English or Commercial Correspondence or Commercial Letter. Business English refers to the Engli

15、sh used in business correspondence and activities. To give it a more detailed definition, business English includes Ordinary Business English and Specialized Business English. The former covers various English books, magazines, newspapers and so on. Specialized Business English only includes documen

16、ts, laws, regulations, letters, specialized theories and practice in business activities. Specialized Business English distinguishes from Ordinary Business English in some aspects, thus it is what this essay mainly focuses on.2.2. Functions of Business English There are many functions of business En

17、glish, such as extending the companys exploration, building relationships with different countries adventures and so on. While the most important function of business English is communication. In business activities, we need to know the information of the goods including name, price, quality, quanti

18、ty and so on. Both parties in a business activity need to establish trading relations first and make detailed agreements on many trading terms. All these need to be achieved by mutual communication.2.3. Lexical Analysis of Business English The business Englishs lexis is different from normal English

19、s lexis, which can be seen from the following aspects.2.3.1. Use of Abbreviations The word abbreviation, strictly means a shortening or abridgment, commonly refers to a letter or a group of letters taken from a single word or phrase, and used for brevitys sake, to represent that word or phrase.In bu

20、siness English, abbreviations are very often used to save space and time. This conforms to the conciseness characteristic of business English. However, when we use the abbreviations, we should know their meanings and know where they are appropriate. In business English, most abbreviations have the f

21、ixed meanings.1) International Trade TermsFOB (=free on board) 指定装运港船上交货CI F (=cost, insurance and freight) 成本加保费加运费FCA (=free carrier) 货交承运人价格2) International Trade AbbreviationsF.A.Q (=fair average quality) 平均中等品质 D.W.T (=dead weight on) 载重吨位 PCT (=percent) 百分比3) Abbreviations and Simplified Words

22、 Commonly Used in Cables and Telexes PLS (=please) ASAP (=as soon as possible) DOC (=document)4) Country Codes CN (=China) US (=United States) UK (=the United Kingdom)5) International Organizations WTO (=World Trade Organization)6) Currency CodesCNY (=Chinese Yuan)USD (=United State Dollar)Abbreviat

23、ions of business English have a special system in expression different from the one of daily English. If we flout the unique characteristics of business English abbreviations to render those frequently used abbreviations, it is impossible to serve successfully for the international trade. 2.3.2. Use

24、 of Compounds Many compounds are used in business English, which can be rarely seen in other written styles. Vacuum-packed 真空包装的 Encouragement policy 鼓励政策 Company profit 公司利润 Thereon 在其上 Whereof 关于此 Hereafter 今后，凭此2.3.3.Use of Formal Words Lets look at the following example first.1) This contract ca

25、n only altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.Here, many formal words such as amend, supplement, documents, authorize, representatives are used.In business English, formal words are very often used to achieve a fo

26、rmal tone. Such examples are more often found in business contracts. For instance,1) The drawee is required to pay the bill a certain number of days after sight. Require is more formal than need.2) With regard to the payee, the drawer may use one of the following methods.With regard to is more forma

27、l than about. We may list more examples as follows: In the event of /if For the purpose of/for Prior to/before In favor of/for/to Supplement/add to Certify/prove In accordance with/by2.3.4. Use of Technique Terms Business English is closely related to the special field of knowledge. Therefore, there

28、 are a lot of technique terms in business English.Lets look at a dialogue first:A: I have been reviewing the budget and a few things worry me.B: What are they?A: I think we need to reduce some of our debt.B: How do you think we should do that?A: We should liquidate some of our investments. B: Which

29、ones?A: Well, I dont really understand why we own part of XYZ incB: I have never really understand that either. We lose money each year.A: Then thats a potential place. I dont want to touch staff.B: I agree. We are under-staffed if anything.A: I want you to prepare a cash flow projection if we dives

30、t.B: Ill prepare something for you ASAP. () In such a short dialogue, we can see many vocabularies of economy and trading, such as budget, debt, liquidate, investment, cash flow and so on. In order to completely understand this dialogue, we should first understand those technical terms. So, to learn busi