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论文范例
外国语学院学生毕业论文
题目LinguisticFeaturesandTranslation
TechniquesofBusinessEnglish
商务英语的语言特点及其翻译技巧
专业英语
班级02335
学生姓名赵巧珍
学号30
指导教师余祥越
2006年4月27日
Contents
AbstractinEnglish……………………………………………………3
AbstractinChinese……………………………………………………3
1.Introduction………………………………………………………4
2.LinguisticFeaturesofBusinessEnglish…………………………4
2.1.DefinitionofBusinessEnglish…………………………………4
2.2.FunctionsofBusinessEnglish…………………………………4
2.3.LexicalAnalysisofBusinessEnglish…………………………5
2.3.1.UseofAbbreviations…………………………………………5
2.3.2.UseofCompounds…………………………………………6
2.3.3.UseofFormalWords…………………………………………6
2.3.4.UseofTechnicalTerms…………………………………………7
2.3.5.UseofShootandSimpleVerbs………………………………8
2.4.SyntacticFeaturesofBusinessEnglish………………………8
2.4.1.SentenceLength…………………………………………8
2.4.2.UseofProgrammedSentenceStructure……………………9
2.4.3.UseofStrongOpeningSentence……………………………10
2.5.WordingFeaturesofBusinessEnglish…………………………10
2.5.1.UseofthePresentTense…………………………………11
2.5.2.MoreUsesoftheActiveVoice……………………………11
2.5.3.MoreUsesoftheDirectWaytoExpressMeaning……………11
2.5.4.UseofCourteousTone………………………………………11
3.TranslationTechniquesofBusinessEnglish………………………………………12
3.1.DefinitionofTranslation………………………………………12
3.2.BusinessTranslationatPresent…………………………………12
3.3.StandardsforBusinessEnglishTranslation……………………13
3.4.TranslationTechniquesofBusinessEnglish…………………14
3.4.1.ChoosingtheExactWords……………………………………14
3.4.1.1.IdentifyingtheBasicMeaningandExtendedMeaning…14
3.4.1.2.IdentifyingtheNormalMeaningandTechnicalMeaning…15
3.4.2.OmissionandSupplement…………………………………15
3.4.2.1.OmissionofUnnecessaryWords……………………15
3.4.2.2.OmissionofCumbersomeWords……………………………15
3.4.2.3.AddingNecessaryWordsandExpression…………………16
4.OtherTechniques…………………………………………………………………16
4.1.TransformationofPartsofSpeech………………………………16
4.1.1.TranslatingNounsintoVerbs…………………………………16
4.1.2.TranslatingAdjectivesintoAdverbs…………………………17
4.1.3.TranslatingAdjectivesintoverbs……………………………17
4.2.TranslationofAbbreviations……………………………………17
4.3.TranslationofCourteousTone………………………………18
5.RequirementsforTranslators………………………………………18
6.Conclusion…………………………………………………………19
Bibliography………………………………………………………21
Acknowledgements……………………………………………22
Abstract
Withthedeepeningofglobalizationoftheworldeconomy,internationalbusinessintercoursehasbeeninamuchmorefrequenttrend.Englishhasbeeninvolvedinvariousfieldsincommercialactivities,suchasthetechnologytransfer,foreigntrade,internationalfinancing,transnationaltourismandinternationaltransportation,arewhollycalledbusinessEnglish.Englishhasbecomeanindispensablelinguisticcommunicationmeansintheworldeconomicfield.SoitisimportantforustolearnbusinessEnglish.BusinessEnglishhasitsdistinctfeatures.Thispaperdiscussesitsfeaturesfromthreeaspects:
lexis,syntaxandpragmatics.ThesefeaturesshouldbefullyunderstoodandexercisedflexiblyinthecourseoftranslationofbusinessEnglish,whichisthepreconditionofaproperandgoodtranslation.Meanwhile,therearemanytranslationtechniques,suchasomission,supplement,transformationandsoon.Oneshouldmanagesometranslationtechniquesastobeagoodtranslator.InordertohelpreadersknowmoreabouttranslationtechniquesofbusinessEnglish,thispaperalsodiscussessometranslationtechniquesofbusinessEnglish.
KeyWords:
BusinessEnglish;linguisticfeatures;translationtechniques
摘要
随着经济全球化的深入，国际贸易日趋频繁。
英语被广泛应用到各商业领域，如技术转让、跨国贸易、国际融资，旅游和国际运输等，所有这些统称为商务英语。
英语已经成为世界上必不可少的交流工具。
商务英语的语言有其鲜明的特点。
本文从用词、句法和用语三方面探讨了商务英语的语言特点。
充分了解和掌握这些特点，并灵活地运用到商务英语的翻译之中，是做好商务英语翻译的前提。
同时，商务英语有很多翻译技巧，比如增词、减词和词类转换等。
想成为一个好的译者，掌握一些翻译技巧是很有必要的。
为了让读者更好的了解这些翻译技巧，本文着重探讨了一些商务英语的翻译技巧，希望对读者有所帮助。
关键词:
商务英语;语言特点;翻译技巧
LINGUISTICFEATURESANDTRANSLATION
TECHNIQUESOFBUSINESSENGLISH
1.Introduction
BusinessEnglishlanguageisnowwidelyusedintheeconomyarea.ItisdifferentfromnormalEnglishlanguage,whichcanbeseenfromlexicalfeatures,syntacticfeaturesandwordingfeatures.Basedontheselinguisticfeatures,thetranslationmethodsofbusinessEnglisharedifferentfromnormalones.Here,somenewtranslationtechniquesofbusinessEnglishwillbeintroduced.
2.LinguisticFeaturesofBusinessEnglish
2.1.DefinitionofBusinessEnglish
BusinessEnglishisaspecialtermgiventoEnglishbynon-Englishspeakingnationsforinternationaltrade.ItisusuallycalledbusinessEnglish,BusinessCorrespondenceorBusinessLetterintheUSA.InBritain,itisoftencalledCommercialEnglishorCommercialCorrespondenceorCommercialLetter.
BusinessEnglishreferstotheEnglishusedinbusinesscorrespondenceandactivities.Togiveitamoredetaileddefinition,businessEnglishincludesOrdinaryBusinessEnglishandSpecializedBusinessEnglish.TheformercoversvariousEnglishbooks,magazines,newspapersandsoon.SpecializedBusinessEnglishonlyincludesdocuments,laws,regulations,letters,specializedtheoriesandpracticeinbusinessactivities.SpecializedBusinessEnglishdistinguishesfromOrdinaryBusinessEnglishinsomeaspects,thusitiswhatthisessaymainlyfocuseson.
2.2.FunctionsofBusinessEnglish
TherearemanyfunctionsofbusinessEnglish,suchasextendingthecompany’sexploration,buildingrelationshipswithdifferentcountries’adventuresandsoon.WhilethemostimportantfunctionofbusinessEnglishiscommunication.Inbusiness
activities,weneedtoknowtheinformationofthegoodsincludingname,price,quality,quantityandsoon.Bothpartiesinabusinessactivityneedtoestablishtradingrelationsfirstandmakedetailedagreementsonmanytradingterms.Alltheseneedtobeachievedbymutualcommunication.
2.3.LexicalAnalysisofBusinessEnglish
ThebusinessEnglish’slexisisdifferentfromnormalEnglish’slexis,whichcanbeseenfromthefollowingaspects.
2.3.1.UseofAbbreviations
Theword‘abbreviation’,strictlymeansashorteningorabridgment,commonlyreferstoaletteroragroupofletterstakenfromasinglewordorphrase,andusedforbrevity’ssake,torepresentthatwordorphrase.
InbusinessEnglish,abbreviationsareveryoftenusedtosavespaceandtime.ThisconformstotheconcisenesscharacteristicofbusinessEnglish.However,whenweusetheabbreviations,weshouldknowtheirmeaningsandknowwheretheyareappropriate.InbusinessEnglish,mostabbreviationshavethefixedmeanings.
1）InternationalTradeTerms
FOB（=freeonboard）指定装运港船上交货
CIF（=cost,insuranceandfreight）成本加保费加运费
FCA（=freecarrier）货交承运人价格
2）InternationalTradeAbbreviations
F.A.Q（=fairaveragequality）平均中等品质
D.W.T（=deadweighton）载重吨位
PCT（=percent）百分比
3）AbbreviationsandSimplifiedWordsCommonlyUsedinCablesandTelexes
PLS（=please）
ASAP（=assoonaspossible）
DOC（=document）
4）CountryCodes
CN（=China）
US（=UnitedStates）
UK（=theUnitedKingdom）
5）InternationalOrganizations
WTO（=WorldTradeOrganization）
6）CurrencyCodes
CNY（=ChineseYuan）
USD（=UnitedStateDollar）
AbbreviationsofbusinessEnglishhaveaspecialsysteminexpressiondifferentfromtheoneofdailyEnglish.IfweflouttheuniquecharacteristicsofbusinessEnglishabbreviationstorenderthosefrequentlyusedabbreviations,itisimpossibletoservesuccessfullyfortheinternationaltrade.
2.3.2.UseofCompounds
ManycompoundsareusedinbusinessEnglish,whichcanberarelyseeninotherwrittenstyles.
Vacuum-packed真空包装的
Encouragementpolicy鼓励政策
Companyprofit公司利润
Thereon在其上
Whereof关于此
Hereafter今后，凭此
2.3.3.UseofFormalWords
Let’slookatthefollowingexamplefirst.
1）Thiscontractcanonlyaltered,amendedorsupplementedinaccordancewithdocumentssignedandsealedbyauthorizedrepresentativesofbothparties.
Here,manyformalwordssuchasamend,supplement,documents,authorize,representativesareused.
InbusinessEnglish,formalwordsareveryoftenusedtoachieveaformaltone.Suchexamplesaremoreoftenfoundinbusinesscontracts.Forinstance,
1）Thedraweeisrequiredtopaythebillacertainnumberofdaysaftersight.
‘Require’ismoreformalthan‘need’.
2）Withregardtothepayee,thedrawermayuseoneofthefollowingmethods.
‘Withregardto’ismoreformalthan‘about’.
Wemaylistmoreexamplesasfollows:
Intheeventof/if
Forthepurposeof/for
Priorto/before
Infavorof/for/to
Supplement/addto
Certify/prove
Inaccordancewith/by
2.3.4.UseofTechniqueTerms
BusinessEnglishiscloselyrelatedtothespecialfieldofknowledge.Therefore,therearealotoftechniquetermsinbusinessEnglish.
Let’slookatadialoguefirst:
A:
Ihavebeenreviewingthebudgetandafewthingsworryme.
B:
Whatarethey?
A:
Ithinkweneedtoreducesomeofourdebt.
B:
Howdoyouthinkweshoulddothat?
A:
Weshouldliquidatesomeofourinvestments.
B:
Whichones?
A:
Well,Idon’treallyunderstandwhyweownpartofXYZinc…
B:
Ihaveneverreallyunderstandthateither.Welosemoneyeachyear.
A:
Thenthat’sapotentialplace.Idon’twanttotouchstaff.
B:
Iagree.Weareunder-staffedifanything.
A:
Iwantyoutoprepareacashflowprojectionifwedivest.
B:
I’llpreparesomethingforyouASAP….
（）
Insuchashortdialogue,wecanseemanyvocabulariesofeconomyandtrading,suchasbudget,debt,liquidate,investment,cashflowandsoon.Inordertocompletelyunderstandthisdialogue,weshouldfirstunderstandthosetechnicalterms.So,tolearnbusi
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