河南省焦作市高二英语下学期第一次月考试题.docx

1、河南省焦作市高二英语下学期第一次月考试题2015级高二年级下学期第一次月考英语试卷第二部分： 阅读理解 （共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 AContestants from around the world met in Pomona, California, this month to test their skills at things like driving a car, walking down stairs, and opening doors. Sounds easy, ri

2、ght? But the competitors werent people they were robots!The bots were participating in the final round of the USs DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) Robotics Challenge. This event, which took place on June 5-6, tested robots on how well they could respond during a disaster and the win

3、ning team finally took home a $2 million grand prize.The DARPA challenge was created after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. An earthquake caused a tsunami, which damaged a nuclear power plant. Workers at the plant needed to shut off an important valve (阀门), but it was too dangerous for

4、humans to reach it. The US scientists at DARPA wondered whether the disaster could have been avoided if a robot had been sent to do the job. So they set up the robotics competition.Turning a valve was just one task a robot might have to perform when entering a disaster zone. In addition to doing thi

5、s, robots participating in the challenge had to navigate a course containing several other tasks: driving and exiting a vehicle, opening a door, walking over or clearing objects, cutting a hole in a wall, plus climbing a flight of stairs.Teams had to complete the challenge in one hour, and points we

6、re awarded based on how quickly the robots completed a task. They didnt have to attempt all the tasks. To make things even more realistic, challenge organizers caused short computer-system blackouts (断电) that prevented robots and the human operators controlling them from communicating. That means te

7、ams had to program their bots to be partially autonomous (独立的). Robots also couldnt be attached to anything that could keep them from falling down, which happened a lot.21. What do we know about this years DARPA challenge?A. It lasted five days.B. It was held in Japan. C. Its winner got a cash prize

8、.D. Its winner will work in Fukushima.22. What does the underlined part “the job” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. To open a door.B. To close a valve.C. To predict a tsunami.D. To rebuild a nuclear power plant.23. The robots that participated in the USs DARPA challenge were required to _.A. challenge all

9、the tasksB. have a good sense of smellC. complete their tasks in an hour D. act in the dark in the whole process B Our tiny boat was ploughing through (费力穿过) the waves across the Indian Ocean and I was absolutely freezing. The further we got from the shelter of the land, the more I thought how fooli

10、sh Id been to come along on this trip. The pilot of the boat looked almost 60 but, perhaps because of a lifetime on the open sea in the hot sun, was very fit and strong. I was wondering how he managed to find his way. To me, it seemed difficult enough to navigate (驾驶) a boat without any electronic e

11、quipment even on a sunny day. So at least we were safe. But this was not what we had come along for. A look at the other divers faces suggested that now they were also doubtful that wed ever get the chance to see a whale shark these weather conditions were totally unsuitable for diving! None of us s

12、poke. It seemed too much of an effort. Then suddenly the boatman stopped the engine. He said a few words in his own language to the diving instructor, who immediately jumped up from his seat and told us to get ready to dive. When I jumped into the grey sea, I was sure I wouldnt see anything. But the

13、n . there it was! An enormous whale shark, slowly swimming through the water. I couldnt believe my eyes my first whale shark! I hardly dared breathe I was afraid my streams of bubbles (气泡) might scare the huge creature away. And the other divers were equally awed. Slowly we approached this huge anim

14、al. It was swimming quite slowly and we were able to swim with it, looking at the beautiful markings on its back. I was still holding my breath, telling myself that this huge fish was harmless! Then I reached out and touched it, stroking (轻抚) its thick skin. It was amazing how this giant suddenly ga

15、ined speed we watched it as it swam away from us, and a few moments later it was gone.24. While riding a tiny boat across the Indian Ocean, the author _.A. volunteered to act as a pilotB. felt regret about his decisionC. enjoyed the beautiful sunshineD. talked with other people happily25. The author

16、 probably wanted to know how the boatman _.A. kept fit in his spare timeB. spent his life on the boatC. navigated his boat at seaD. communicated with others26. What was the purpose of the authors trip?A. To see a whale shark.B. To learn how to dive.C. To swim the Indian Ocean. D. To save underwater

17、creatures.27. How did the author feel after he jumped into the sea?A. Rather anxious and angry.B. A little scared but excited.C. Doubtful and disappointed.D. A bit tired but later relaxed. C History tells us that footwear was one of the first things ancient people learned to make. Footwear helped th

18、em across rocky paths or hot sands without injuring themselves. The earliest footwear we know of was simply a piece of plaited (编织的) grass or leather tied to the feet. The ancient Egyptians seem to have invented the first footwear with a firm sole (鞋底) sandals. Egyptian royalty usually wore sandals

19、that had a different style from those with lesser status, while slaves were not allowed to wear anything on their feet. The sandal is still the basic form of footwear in many countries, particularly those with a hot climate, whereas in cold climates, an entirely different type of shoe appeared the m

20、occasin a slipper-shaped shoe made of soft but strong leather.The Greeks were the first to develop shoes with heels. Then, in the Middle Ages, shoes with long points at the toe became very chic for the nobility. These shoes were often very difficult to wear. Other trends followed, with square-toed s

21、hoes, wide shoes, and even shoes that could make a woman stand two feet taller. Not surprisingly, these sometimes led to accidents. Even today, fashion rather than comfort often leads to the kind ofshoeswomen wear.Mechanical shoemaking appeared in the 1800s in North America. Until then, shoes had be

22、en made with the same kinds of hand tools used by the ancient Egyptians. And in 1858, a machine was invented that could stitch (缝合) the sole of a shoe to the upper part. Now it was possible to make shoes that were shaped to fit either the left or right foot. Toward the end of the 1800s came a new ty

23、pe of shoe that was specifically designed for sports the sneaker and it soon become an all-time favorite.28. What did shoes often show in ancient times?A. The rich resources.B. Peoples different beliefs.C. Peoples status in society.D. The changeable climates.29. What does the underlined word “chic”

24、in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Valuable. B. Convenient.C. Fashionable. D. Comfortable.30. Before mechanical shoemaking appeared, _.A. shoes were often very difficult for people to wearB. all the shoe patterns made by the Greeks were the sameC. the only function of footwear was to protect peoples fe

25、etD. people wore the same-shaped shoes on their two feet 31. How does the text mainly develop?A. By providing examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time.D. By following the order of importance. DScientists have long known that turtles, like many animals, find their way and d

26、irection at sea by sensing the invisible (无形的) lines of Earths magnetic field (磁场), similar to how sailors use latitude (纬度) and longitude (经度). But they didnt know how turtles were able to return to the very spot where they were born. Now a study has the answer: Turtles also rely on Earths magnetic

27、 field to find their way home. Thats because each part of the coastline has its own magnetic signature, which the animals remember and later use as an internal compass (指南针). Its not an easy way, though the magnetic field turns slowly, and turtles have to change their nesting sites in response. “Its

28、 pretty amazing how these creatures can find their way through this vast expanse of nothing,” said study co-author J. Roger Brothers.Turtles have a great range that surrounds all but the coldest waters of the worlds oceans. Though they travel hundreds of miles out to sea, turtles seem to prefer coas

29、tal areas.Every year, thousands of volunteers walk along Floridas sandy beaches to count turtles nesting sites, which provides scientists with a rich population data set. At the same time, researchers have been studying slight changes in Earths magnetic field along Floridas coasts to measure how the

30、 fields strength and other characters change over time. Brothers and his colleagues combined the citizen-science data on turtle nests and official data about the magnetic field to find how everything changed over time.Nathan Putman, a biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administratio

31、ns Southeast Fisheries Science Center, added, “Its really creative work, the type that makes you think, Why didnt I think of that?”The results could also influence conservation (保护) ways for these endangered animals, said Brothers. The population of the animals has fallen due to pollution, and devel

32、opment in their nesting areas. Many conservationists surround turtles nests with wire cages. Since these cages are usually metallic, the practice could affect the turtles ability to find their way home.32. Why does the author say “Its not an easy way”? A. Turtles always travel far away from home.B. Earths magnetic field changes constantly.C. Its hard for turtles to feel the invisible lines.D