河南省焦作市高二英语下学期第一次月考试题.docx

河南省焦作市高二英语下学期第一次月考试题.docx

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河南省焦作市高二英语下学期第一次月考试题

2015级高二年级下学期第一次月考英语试卷

第二部分：

阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

ContestantsfromaroundtheworldmetinPomona,California,thismonthtotesttheirskillsatthingslikedrivingacar,walkingdownstairs,andopeningdoors.Soundseasy,right?

Butthecompetitorsweren'tpeople—theywererobots!

ThebotswereparticipatinginthefinalroundoftheUS'sDARPA（DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency）RoboticsChallenge.Thisevent,whichtookplaceonJune5-6,testedrobotsonhowwelltheycouldrespondduringadisasterandthewinningteamfinallytookhomea$2milliongrandprize.

TheDARPAchallengewascreatedafterthe2011FukushimanucleardisasterinJapan.Anearthquakecausedatsunami,whichdamagedanuclearpowerplant.Workersattheplantneededtoshutoffanimportantvalve（阀门）,butitwastoodangerousforhumanstoreachit.TheUSscientistsatDARPAwonderedwhetherthedisastercouldhavebeenavoidedifarobothadbeensenttodothejob.Sotheysetuptheroboticscompetition.

Turningavalvewasjustonetaskarobotmighthavetoperformwhenenteringadisasterzone.Inadditiontodoingthis,robotsparticipatinginthechallengehadtonavigateacoursecontainingseveralothertasks:

drivingandexitingavehicle,openingadoor,walkingoverorclearingobjects,cuttingaholeinawall,plusclimbingaflightofstairs.

Teamshadtocompletethechallengeinonehour,andpointswereawardedbasedonhowquicklytherobotscompletedatask.Theydidn'thavetoattemptallthetasks.Tomakethingsevenmorerealistic,challengeorganizerscausedshortcomputer-systemblackouts（断电）thatpreventedrobotsandthehumanoperatorscontrollingthemfromcommunicating.Thatmeansteamshadtoprogramtheirbotstobepartiallyautonomous（独立的）.Robotsalsocouldn'tbeattachedtoanythingthatcouldkeepthemfromfallingdown,whichhappenedalot.

21.Whatdoweknowaboutthisyear'sDARPAchallenge?

A.Itlastedfivedays.

B.ItwasheldinJapan.

C.Itswinnergotacashprize.

D.ItswinnerwillworkinFukushima.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thejob”inParagraph3referto?

A.Toopenadoor.

B.Tocloseavalve.

C.Topredictatsunami.

D.Torebuildanuclearpowerplant.

23.TherobotsthatparticipatedintheUS'sDARPAchallengewererequiredto_____.

A.challengeallthetasks

B.haveagoodsenseofsmell

C.completetheirtasksinanhour

D.actinthedarkinthewholeprocess

B

      Ourtinyboatwasploughingthrough（费力穿过）thewavesacrosstheIndianOceanandIwasabsolutelyfreezing.Thefurtherwegotfromtheshelteroftheland,themoreIthoughthowfoolishI'dbeentocomealongonthistrip.

      Thepilotoftheboatlookedalmost60but,perhapsbecauseofalifetimeontheopenseainthehotsun,wasveryfitandstrong.Iwaswonderinghowhemanagedtofindhisway.Tome,itseemeddifficultenoughtonavigate（驾驶）aboatwithoutanyelectronicequipmentevenonasunnyday.

      Soatleastweweresafe.Butthiswasnotwhatwehadcomealongfor.Alookattheotherdivers'facessuggestedthatnowtheywerealsodoubtfulthatwe'devergetthechancetoseeawhaleshark—theseweatherconditionsweretotallyunsuitablefordiving!

Noneofusspoke.Itseemedtoomuchofaneffort.Thensuddenlytheboatmanstoppedtheengine.Hesaidafewwordsinhisownlanguagetothedivinginstructor,whoimmediatelyjumpedupfromhisseatandtoldustogetreadytodive.

      WhenIjumpedintothegreysea,IwassureIwouldn'tseeanything.Butthen...thereitwas!

Anenormouswhaleshark,slowlyswimmingthroughthewater.Icouldn'tbelievemyeyes—myfirstwhaleshark!

Ihardlydaredbreathe—Iwasafraidmystreamsofbubbles（气泡） mightscarethehugecreatureaway.Andtheotherdiverswereequallyawed.Slowlyweapproachedthishugeanimal.Itwasswimmingquiteslowlyandwewereabletoswimwithit,lookingatthebeautifulmarkingsonitsback.Iwasstillholdingmybreath,tellingmyselfthatthishugefishwasharmless!

ThenIreachedoutandtouchedit,stroking （轻抚）itsthickskin.Itwasamazinghowthisgiantsuddenlygainedspeed—wewatcheditasitswamawayfromus,andafewmomentslateritwasgone.

24.WhileridingatinyboatacrosstheIndianOcean,theauthor_____.

A.volunteeredtoactasapilot

B.feltregretabouthisdecision

C.enjoyedthebeautifulsunshine

D.talkedwithotherpeoplehappily

25.Theauthorprobablywantedtoknowhowtheboatman_____.

A.keptfitinhissparetime

B.spenthislifeontheboat

C.navigatedhisboatatsea

D.communicatedwithothers

26.Whatwasthepurposeoftheauthor'strip?

A.Toseeawhaleshark.

B.Tolearnhowtodive.

C.ToswimtheIndianOcean.

D.Tosaveunderwatercreatures.

27.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhejumpedintothesea?

A.Ratheranxiousandangry.

B.Alittlescaredbutexcited.

C.Doubtfulanddisappointed.

D.Abittiredbutlaterrelaxed.

C 

Historytellsusthatfootwearwasoneofthefirstthingsancientpeoplelearnedtomake.Footwearhelpedthemacrossrockypathsorhotsandswithoutinjuringthemselves.Theearliestfootwearweknowofwassimplyapieceofplaited（编织的）grassorleathertiedtothefeet.

TheancientEgyptiansseemtohaveinventedthefirstfootwearwithafirmsole（鞋底） —sandals.Egyptianroyaltyusuallyworesandalsthathadadifferentstylefromthosewithlesserstatus,whileslaveswerenotallowedtowearanythingontheirfeet.Thesandalisstillthebasicformoffootwearinmanycountries,particularlythosewithahotclimate,whereasincoldclimates,anentirelydifferenttypeofshoeappeared—themoccasin—aslipper-shapedshoemadeofsoftbutstrongleather.

TheGreekswerethefirsttodevelopshoeswithheels.Then,intheMiddleAges,shoeswithlongpointsatthetoebecameverychicforthenobility.Theseshoeswereoftenverydifficulttowear.Othertrendsfollowed,withsquare-toedshoes,wideshoes,andevenshoesthatcouldmakeawomanstandtwofeettaller.Notsurprisingly,thesesometimesledtoaccidents.Eventoday,fashionratherthancomfortoftenleadstothekindof shoes womenwear.

Mechanicalshoemakingappearedinthe1800sinNorthAmerica.Untilthen,shoeshadbeenmadewiththesamekindsofhandtoolsusedbytheancientEgyptians.Andin1858,amachinewasinventedthatcouldstitch（缝合）thesoleofashoetotheupperpart.Nowitwaspossibletomakeshoesthatwereshapedtofiteithertheleftorrightfoot.Towardtheendofthe1800scameanewtypeofshoethatwasspecificallydesignedforsports—thesneaker—anditsoonbecomeanall-timefavorite.

28.Whatdidshoesoftenshowinancienttimes?

A.Therichresources.

B.People'sdifferentbeliefs.

C.People'sstatusinsociety.

D.Thechangeableclimates.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chic”inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Valuable.

B.Convenient.

C.Fashionable.

D.Comfortable.

30.Beforemechanicalshoemakingappeared,_____.

A.shoeswereoftenverydifficultforpeopletowear

B.alltheshoepatternsmadebytheGreekswerethesame

C.theonlyfunctionoffootwearwastoprotectpeople'sfeet

D.peopleworethesame-shapedshoesontheirtwofeet

31.Howdoesthetextmainlydevelop?

A.Byprovidingexamples.

B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.

D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.

D

Scientistshavelongknownthatturtles,likemanyanimals,findtheirwayanddirectionatseabysensingtheinvisible（无形的）linesofEarth’smagneticfield（磁场）,similartohowsailorsuselatitude（纬度）andlongitude（经度）.Buttheydidn’tknowhowturtleswereabletoreturntotheveryspotwheretheywereborn.

Nowastudyhastheanswer:

TurtlesalsorelyonEarth’smagneticfieldtofindtheirwayhome.That’sbecauseeachpartofthecoastlinehasitsownmagneticsignature,whichtheanimalsrememberandlateruseasaninternalcompass（指南针）.It’snotaneasyway,though—themagneticfieldturnsslowly,andturtleshavetochangetheirnestingsitesinresponse.“It’sprettyamazinghowthesecreaturescanfindtheirwaythroughthisvastexpanseofnothing,”saidstudyco-authorJ.RogerBrothers.

Turtleshaveagreatrangethatsurroundsallbutthecoldestwatersoftheworld’soceans.Thoughtheytravelhundredsofmilesouttosea,turtlesseemtoprefercoastalareas.

Everyyear,thousandsofvolunteerswalkalongFlorida’ssandybeachestocountturtle’snestingsites,whichprovidesscientistswitharichpopulationdataset.Atthesametime,researchershavebeenstudyingslightchangesinEarth’smagneticfieldalongFlorida’scoaststomeasurehowthefield’sstrengthandothercharacterschangeovertime.Brothersandhiscolleaguescombinedthecitizen-sciencedataonturtlenestsandofficialdataaboutthemagneticfieldtofindhoweverythingchangedovertime.

NathanPutman,abiologistwiththeNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration’sSoutheastFisheriesScienceCenter,added,“It’sreallycreativework,thetypethatmakesyouthink,‘Whydidn’tIthinkofthat?

’”

Theresultscouldalsoinfluenceconservation（保护）waysfortheseendangeredanimals,saidBrothers.Thepopulationoftheanimalshasfallenduetopollution,anddevelopmentintheirnestingareas.Manyconservationistssurroundturtles’nestswithwirecages.Sincethesecagesareusuallymetallic,thepracticecouldaffecttheturtles’abilitytofindtheirwayhome.

32.Whydoestheauthorsay“It’snotaneasyway”?

A.Turtlesalwaystravelfarawayfromhome.

B.Earth’smagneticfieldchangesconstantly.

C.It’shardforturtlestofeeltheinvisiblelines.

D