电大英语短文理解Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、The combined total population of these 11 cities _.选择一项：a. was 166 million in 1950b. was 17 million in 1995c. is 204 million nowd. will be over 204 million in 2015 答案为D。此题可以运用查读技巧。先在找到第一段中找到包含题中关键信息（The combined total population）的句子，即第一段最后一句，于是可以直接得出选项D。而其他选项虽都在文中提到，但都不是与题干相对应的，因此可排除A，B，C三项。题目2The w

2、orlds rural population _.a. increased at one fourth the rate of urban population b. increased at four times the rate of urban populationc. will be four times bigger by 2025d. will double in the period 1990-2025答案为A。此题需要运用查读技巧，并考查计算能力。先找到文中第二段的第一句，“The worlds urban population, increasing at four time

3、s the rate of rural populations” 城镇人口正以4倍于农村人口的速度增长着，即农村人口的增长速度的城镇人口的1/4。因此,不要被选项B所迷惑而误选。题目3Which of the following is true according to this passage? _.a. There are now 11 cities with a total population of 11 million people.b. The worlds urban population will be four times bigger by 2025c. Various p

4、ush and pull factors cause people to move 正确d. Two-thirds of the worlds population will live in cities in Southeast Asia and Africa.答案为C。找出选项A应为“There are now 11 cities with a population of 11 million people each.”选项B应改为“It will double by 2025.”选项D应将“in Southeast Asia and Africa”改为“all over the worl

5、d”。因此，正确答案为选项C多种内、外因引起人口流动。题目4People choose to leave rural areas partly because _.a. climate change or poor farming methods result in deforestation and flooding 正确b. the living standards of cities are much lowerc. the population of rural areas increased faster than that of urban areasd. there are no

6、t enough space for people to live there 此题考查仔细阅读和分析的能力。文章第四段说明了人们纷纷离开农村的一些原因。四个选项中，只有选项A谈到了气候的改变和落后的农业方法使得山林遭到砍伐，洪水泛滥，这是人们选择离开农村的原因之一。而其他选项均不是文中列举出的原因。题目5We can conclude from the last paragraph that_.a. the world economy has declined since 1950b. economic expansion leads to mega-cities 正确c. the expa

7、nsion is mainly taking place in Europed. there isnt any economic expansion in the developing countries答案为B。题干中已道明此题考查的范围，因此直接在最后一段中进行查读。第一句话讲“自1950年以来城市的发展促使世界经济出现了五倍的扩张”，因此选项A经济下降显然不对；第二句接着讲“大部分的经济扩张发生在东南亚这样的发展中国家”，因此,选项C讲经济扩张发生在欧洲也是错误的；选项D讲经济扩张没发生在发展中国家显然也不正确。通过分析可逐一排除选项A、C、D而得出正确答案B。A Case Study:

8、 Desertification around the GobiDesertThe ProblemsThe GOBIDesert, in the north of China, is now seven times bigger than Britain. China has large desert areas and much of its agricultural land is being threatened by desertification, which is getting worse. In addition, soil erosion has led to a huge

9、loss of farmland and the drying up of rivers. Consequently, the livelihoods of 35 million people are being threatened. Furthermore it is even affecting cities. The nearest sand dune is less than 100 miles from Beijing, where unpleasant sandstorms are becoming more frequent. The worse the situation,

10、the more pressure there is on the government to take action.The CausesThe reasons for the changes are complex. It is clear that pollution of the air and water by factories is affecting the environment. Trees and other vegetation die, and so soil is eroded. The more trees that die, the less water is

11、held in the earth. The need for wood for fuel and buildings leads to further deforestation, which causes further soil erosion. Local farmers find it more and more difficult to make a living. They end up using inefficient farming methods, which again leads to soil erosion.The SolutionsThe Government

12、is carrying out anti-desertification projects, including the creation of a forest belt around deserts. The tree-planting campaign, known as the Great Green Wall, is meant to protect Beijing from sandstorms. China hopes to control the expansion of desert land by the year 2010 and plans to establish a

13、 protected eco-system in desert areas by 2050.According to this passage, the Gobi desert is _.a. as big as Britainb. 20% of the size of Britainc. one seventh of the size of Britaind. seven times bigger than Britain 正确The total desert area of China is _.a. increasing 正确b. decreasingc. remaining const

14、antd. the largest of the world_ leads to soil erosion.a. The growth of trees and other vegetationb. The deforestation 正确c. The efficient farming methodsd. The pollution of some factories答案为BThe Chinese government is planting trees _.a. around deserts 正确b. around Beijingc. around the border of Chinad

15、. all over ChinaThe expansion of desert land _.a. wont be controlled by 2010b. will definitely be controlled by 2010c. should be controlled after 2010d. is expected to be controlled by 2010 正确答案为DThe worlds urban population, （世界城市人口）（1）increasingat four times the rate of rural populations, will doub

16、le in the period 1990 - 2025, to over five billion. Consequently, （2）two-thirdsof the people of the world will live in cities, some of （3）which will be huge. Moreover, about 90% of the growth will be in developing countries. This growth, adding around 60 million people per year （4） to city populatio

17、ns, will be mainly in Southeast Asia and Africa. The consequences are dramatic. This is change on a scale never before （5）experienced, bringing with it considerable challenges and opportunities. Most of it results （6） from internal migration rather than the international movement of people, and is c

18、aused by a variety of push and pull factors.One push factor is due to pressure （7）on land availability. Improved health brings population growth, causing people to move out of rural areas. Others move because of climate change or poor farming methods which often result in deforestation and flooding.

19、 Such changes can alter the social structure, leading people （8）to move. Furthermore, civil war or regional conflicts also cause disruption, driving people out of rural areas.On the other hand, there are the pull factors. Cities attract people because of the demand （9）for labour in the manufacturing

20、 and service industries. As a result, they offer a higher standard of living （10）to the lucky ones. Cities also tend to offer greater personal freedom.Global Food全球食品“妈妈，我们去麦当劳，好吗？ “Mum, can we go to McDonalds, please?”Some people might ask, “Where would we be today if we did not have fast food?” an

21、d “Where would parents take their children out to eat?It has been reported that approximately 30% of meals consumed by families in the USA are eaten at one of the big chains like Burger King and Taco Bell, though probably none is more famous than McDonalds. The distinctive “golden arch” can now be s

22、een in most major cities in the world. In 2002, McDonalds had approximately 25,000 restaurants in over 120 countries and served 29 million people a day.Apparently, the secret of their success is a marketing strategy of “think global, act local”. McDonalds learnt that if they adapted their “Mac” meal

23、s to different cultures, it was more successful than having a standardized set of products that taste the same everywhere. So now, around 80% of McDonalds restaurants are franchised to local people who serve food with a “local” flavor. For example, in Hong Kong, food called “Shake Shake Fries” and “

24、Red Bean Sunday” can be found on the menu, while in Switzerland, “Vegi Macs” are served.However, fast food is not popular with everyone. It is often called “junk” food because it is said to be unhealthy and full of fat. Furthermore, many people claim that fast food chains produce enormous amounts of

25、 waste, while millions of people in developing countries go hungry. At the same time, more and more people no longer cook fresh food at home. “Convenience” food is just too convenient! It is so easy for people with busy working lives to call into their local branch of Marks and Spencer, or some other supermarket chain, to buy ready-made meals on their way home from work. It is even easier to buy