电大英语短文理解Word文档下载推荐.docx

电大英语短文理解Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Thecombinedtotalpopulationofthese11cities________.

选择一项：

a.was166millionin1950

b.was17millionin1995

c.is204millionnow

d.willbeover204millionin2015

答案为D。

此题可以运用查读技巧。

先在找到第一段中找到包含题中关键信息（Thecombinedtotalpopulation）的句子，即第一段最后一句，于是可以直接得出选项D。

而其他选项虽都在文中提到，但都不是与题干相对应的，因此可排除A，B，C三项。

题目2

Theworld’sruralpopulation________.

a.increasedatonefourththerateofurbanpopulation

b.increasedatfourtimestherateofurbanpopulation

c.willbefourtimesbiggerby2025

d.willdoubleintheperiod1990-2025

答案为A。

此题需要运用查读技巧，并考查计算能力。

先找到文中第二段的第一句，“Theworld’surbanpopulation,increasingatfourtimestherateofruralpopulations”城镇人口正以4倍于农村人口的速度增长着，即农村人口的增长速度的城镇人口的1/4。

因此,不要被选项B所迷惑而误选。

题目3

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothispassage?

_________.

a.Therearenow11citieswithatotalpopulationof11millionpeople.

b.Theworld’surbanpopulationwillbefourtimesbiggerby2025

c.Variouspushandpullfactorscausepeopletomove正确

d.Two-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationwillliveincitiesinSoutheastAsiaandAfrica.

答案为C。

找出选项A应为“Therearenow11citieswithapopulationof11millionpeopleeach.”选项B应改为“Itwilldoubleby2025.”选项D应将“inSoutheastAsiaandAfrica”改为“allovertheworld”。

因此，正确答案为选项C多种内、外因引起人口流动。

题目4

Peoplechoosetoleaveruralareaspartlybecause_________.

a.climatechangeorpoorfarmingmethodsresultindeforestationandflooding正确

b.thelivingstandardsofcitiesaremuchlower

c.thepopulationofruralareasincreasedfasterthanthatofurbanareas

d.therearenotenoughspaceforpeopletolivethere

此题考查仔细阅读和分析的能力。

文章第四段说明了人们纷纷离开农村的一些原因。

四个选项中，只有选项A谈到了气候的改变和落后的农业方法使得山林遭到砍伐，洪水泛滥，这是人们选择离开农村的原因之一。

而其他选项均不是文中列举出的原因。

题目5

Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat_________.

a.theworldeconomyhasdeclinedsince1950

b.economicexpansionleadstomega-cities正确

c.theexpansionismainlytakingplaceinEurope

d.thereisn’tanyeconomicexpansioninthedevelopingcountries

答案为B。

题干中已道明此题考查的范围，因此直接在最后一段中进行查读。

第一句话讲“自1950年以来城市的发展促使世界经济出现了五倍的扩张”，因此选项A经济下降显然不对；

第二句接着讲“大部分的经济扩张发生在东南亚这样的发展中国家”，因此,选项C讲经济扩张发生在欧洲也是错误的；

选项D讲经济扩张没发生在发展中国家显然也不正确。

通过分析可逐一排除选项A、C、D而得出正确答案B。

ACaseStudy:

DesertificationaroundtheGobiDesert

TheProblems

TheGOBIDesert,inthenorthofChina,isnowseventimesbiggerthanBritain.Chinahaslargedesertareasandmuchofitsagriculturallandisbeingthreatenedbydesertification,whichisgettingworse.Inaddition,soilerosionhasledtoahugelossoffarmlandandthedryingupofrivers.Consequently,thelivelihoodsof35millionpeoplearebeingthreatened.Furthermoreitisevenaffectingcities.Thenearestsandduneislessthan100milesfromBeijing,whereunpleasantsandstormsarebecomingmorefrequent.Theworsethesituation,themorepressurethereisonthegovernmenttotakeaction.

TheCauses

Thereasonsforthechangesarecomplex.Itisclearthatpollutionoftheairandwaterbyfactoriesisaffectingtheenvironment.Treesandothervegetationdie,andsosoiliseroded.Themoretreesthatdie,thelesswaterisheldintheearth.Theneedforwoodforfuelandbuildingsleadstofurtherdeforestation,whichcausesfurthersoilerosion.Localfarmersfinditmoreandmoredifficulttomakealiving.Theyendupusinginefficientfarmingmethods,whichagainleadstosoilerosion.

TheSolutions

TheGovernmentiscarryingoutanti-desertificationprojects,includingthecreationofaforestbeltarounddeserts.Thetree-plantingcampaign,knownastheGreatGreenWall,ismeanttoprotectBeijingfromsandstorms.Chinahopestocontroltheexpansionofdesertlandbytheyear2010andplanstoestablishaprotectedeco-systemindesertareasby2050.

Accordingtothispassage,theGobidesertis______.

a.asbigasBritain

b.20%ofthesizeofBritain

c.oneseventhofthesizeofBritain

d.seventimesbiggerthanBritain正确

ThetotaldesertareaofChinais______.

a.increasing正确

b.decreasing

c.remainingconstant

d.thelargestoftheworld

______leadstosoilerosion.

a.Thegrowthoftreesandothervegetation

b.Thedeforestation正确

c.Theefficientfarmingmethods

d.Thepollutionofsomefactories

答案为B

TheChinesegovernmentisplantingtrees_______.

a.arounddeserts正确

b.aroundBeijing

c.aroundtheborderofChina

d.alloverChina

Theexpansionofdesertland_______.

a.won’tbecontrolledby2010

b.willdefinitelybecontrolledby2010

c.shouldbecontrolledafter2010

d.isexpectedtobecontrolledby2010正确

答案为D

Theworld’surbanpopulation,（世界城市人口）

（1）increasing 

atfourtimestherateofruralpopulations,willdoubleintheperiod1990-2025,tooverfivebillion.Consequently,

（2）two-thirds 

ofthepeopleoftheworldwillliveincities,someof（3）whichwillbehuge.Moreover,about90%ofthegrowthwillbeindevelopingcountries.Thisgrowth,addingaround60millionpeopleperyear（4）tocitypopulations,willbemainlyinSoutheastAsiaandAfrica.Theconsequencesaredramatic.Thisischangeonascaleneverbefore（5）experienced,bringingwithitconsiderablechallengesandopportunities.

Mostofitresults（6）frominternalmigrationratherthantheinternationalmovementofpeople,andiscausedbyavarietyofpushandpullfactors.Onepushfactorisduetopressure（7）onlandavailability.Improvedhealthbringspopulationgrowth,causingpeopletomoveoutofruralareas.Othersmovebecauseofclimatechangeorpoorfarmingmethodswhichoftenresultindeforestationandflooding.Suchchangescanalterthesocialstructure,leadingpeople（8）tomove.Furthermore,civilwarorregionalconflictsalsocausedisruption,drivingpeopleoutofruralareas.

Ontheotherhand,therearethepullfactors.Citiesattractpeoplebecauseofthedemand（9）forlabourinthemanufacturingandserviceindustries.Asaresult,theyofferahigherstandardofliving（10）totheluckyones.Citiesalsotendtooffergreaterpersonalfreedom.

GlobalFood全球食品“妈妈，我们去麦当劳，好吗？

“Mum,canwegotoMcDonald’s,please?

”Somepeoplemightask,“Wherewouldwebetodayifwedidnothavefastfood?

”and“Wherewouldparentstaketheirchildrenouttoeat?

’Ithasbeenreportedthatapproximately30%ofmealsconsumedbyfamiliesintheUSAareeatenatoneofthebigchainslikeBurgerKingandTacoBell,thoughprobablynoneismorefamousthanMcDonald’s.Thedistinctive“goldenarch”cannowbeseeninmostmajorcitiesintheworld.In2002,McDonaldshadapproximately25,000restaurantsinover120countriesandserved29millionpeopleaday.

Apparently,thesecretoftheirsuccessisamarketingstrategyof“thinkglobal,actlocal”.McDonald’slearntthatiftheyadaptedtheir“Mac”mealstodifferentcultures,itwasmoresuccessfulthanhavingastandardizedsetofproductsthattastethesameeverywhere.Sonow,around80%ofMcDonald’srestaurantsarefranchisedtolocalpeoplewhoservefoodwitha“local”flavor.Forexample,inHongKong,foodcalled“ShakeShakeFries”and“RedBeanSunday”canbefoundonthemenu,whileinSwitzerland,“VegiMacs”areserved.

However,fastfoodisnotpopularwitheveryone.Itisoftencalled“junk”foodbecauseitissaidtobeunhealthyandfulloffat.Furthermore,manypeopleclaimthatfastfoodchainsproduceenormousamountsofwaste,whilemillionsofpeopleindevelopingcountriesgohungry.Atthesametime,moreandmorepeoplenolongercookfreshfoodathome.“Convenience”foodisjusttooconvenient!

ItissoeasyforpeoplewithbusyworkinglivestocallintotheirlocalbranchofMarksandSpencer,orsomeothersupermarketchain,tobuyready-mademealsontheirwayhomefromwork.Itiseveneasiertobuy