学年高中英语 Module 6 Old and New Period Three GrammarWriting讲义 外研版必修3doc.docx

1、学年高中英语 Module 6 Old and New Period Three Grammar Writing讲义 外研版必修3doc2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 6 Old and New Period Three Grammar & Writing讲义 外研版必修3一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句相比较，非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。1.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who，whom和whose；指物时用which。This is our headmaster，who I

2、 think has something important to tell you.这是我们的校长，我认为他有重要的事情要告诉你。My elder sister has become a doctor，which I wanted to be.我大姐成了一名医生，我原来也想做一名医生的。2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。当先行词指时间时，关系副词用when；指地点时用where。Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977.卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚

3、年，1977年他被安葬在那里。He left his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years old.他于1992年离开家乡，当时他只有12岁。3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句存在许多不同之处，主要有以下几点：(1)引导词不同：关系代词that，关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。(2)非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切，中间用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，通常译成两句话；而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。I have two foreign teachers，both of whom are from America.我有两个外教，他们

4、都来自美国。The foreign teacher who comes from America teaches us literature.美国来的那位外教教我们文学。(3)非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省略。This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.这正是我们正谈论的那个人。This is the man，whom we talked about just now.这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过他。(4)在限制性定语从句中，指人时，作宾语的whom可以用who

5、或that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。He is the very person (whom/who/that) we referred to.他正是我们提到的那个人。4.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。(1)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子。as既可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，还可放在主句之中，有“像一样，正如，正像”的意思。As we all know，he studies very hard.(as作宾语)我们都知道他学习用功。As is known to all，he is the best student in o

6、ur class.(as作主语)众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。Taiwan，as is known to all，is an inseparable part of China.(as作主语)大家都知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。I want to buy the house，which has a garden.我想买这座房子，它带

7、有一个花园。即时跟踪1用适当的关系词填空(1)Li Leis father，who was an engineer before his death，died when Li Lei was very young.(2)Sydney，which is the largest city in Australia，is not its capital city.(3)Confucius，whose influence on Chinese people has been the greatest，was born in 551 BC.(4)She has two sons，the older of

8、 whom has just graduated from college.(5)As is often the case with him，he was fined for speeding.(6)At last he came back to the small village，where he was born and brought up.二、定语从句中的省略定语从句可以省略或简化，主要通过以下形式：1.省略作宾语的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词有who(m)，which，that。在限制性定语从句中，当who(m)和that作宾语用于指人时可以互换使用，通常可以省略；当that

9、和which作宾语用于指物时，两者也可以互换使用，也通常省略。Is that the man (whom/who/that) you gave your ticket to？(whom，who和that可以省略)那个是你把票给他的人吗？Is that the address (which/that) you sent the telegram to？(which和that可以省略)那是你发电报的地址吗？2.当先行词是way，且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which或that，也可以省略。That was the way (in which/that) she worked the

10、 problem out.她就是用那种办法解决问题的。3.有时为了行文需要，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可以省略。The house (which was) damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.大火中损坏的房子不久就要被翻修。The plan (which is) being discussed is of great importance.正在讨论的这个计划非常重要。温馨提醒有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接省略，而需变动词为分词。The train that leaves from Platform 5 goes to Beijing.The

11、 train leaving from Platform 5 goes to Beijing.第五站台开出的火车驶往北京。Yesterday we had a meeting which lasted two hours.Yesterday we had a meeting lasting two hours.昨天我们举行了一个持续两小时的会议。即时跟踪2用定语从句改写句子中的划线部分(1)The building built last year is our teaching building.The building which was built last year is our tea

12、ching building.(2)The man speaking to our teacher is a doctor.The man who is speaking to our teacher is a doctor.(3)The boys helped the people hurt in the accident.The boys helped the people who/that were hurt in the accident.用适当的关系词填空1.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who

13、lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.(2016全国)2.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.(2016浙江)3.Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016

14、江苏)4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.(2016天津)5.Opposite is St.Pauls Church，where you can hear some lovely music. (2015北京)6.China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about Ch

15、ina. (2015福建)7.It is a truly delightful place，which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. (2015湖南)8.The books on the desk，whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us. (2015四川)9.The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in ju

16、st one year.(2015江苏)10.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work where a good impression is a must.(2014江苏).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner， might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013新课标全国，短文改错)2.Th

17、ere，Katia will introduce me to some of her friends，one of has been to China several times.(2011重庆，短文改错)3.It turned out to be her own cup， shed left on the shelf by mistake.(2010陕西，短文改错)文体指导英文email和书信的写法及格式大体相同，但也有不同之处。1.称谓和开头：email一般使用非正式文体，常以Dear.或My dear.开头。如果是同学间或亲朋好友间的邮件，可以直呼其名，以逗号结束；但如果是发给老师、长辈

18、或上级，需在称呼前加上称谓或职位，男性用Mr.；女性用Miss(未婚)，Mrs.(已婚)，Ms.(不知婚否)；职位可用Doctor，Professor，Comrade等，如Professor Li。2.正文：email大多篇幅短小，语言简单明了。如果是写给不熟悉的人，一般要先进行自我介绍；反之，则可直接进入正题。要多使用短句、简单句，少用或不用长句，这样不但能便于阅读，而且也可以使意思更清楚明了。如果内容很长的话，可就重点部分作简单介绍，而把详细内容以“附件”的方式发出。在高考中，要按照试题的内容要求来写，最重要的是表达要有条理，语言要准确。3.结束语：首字母要大写，其后用逗号。通常结束语为：

19、Yours sincerely/truly/faithfully，Sincerely/Truly/Faithfully yours，Yours (ever)等。4.签名：在结束语下面附上写邮件的人的名字。除了对亲人或好友外，必须写全姓名。常用句式1.正文常见的开头用语有：表示高兴：I was so glad/pleased/happy to receive your email.表示感谢：Thank you for your wonderful gift/your interesting email.表示关心和询问：How are you these days？/How are you get

20、ting on these days？/How are you getting on with your work/studies?表示抱歉：Im sorry that I did not write to you so long but I have been very busy these days.表示遗憾：I was sorry to learn that you did not do well in the entrance examination./I was so upset to hear that you are ill these days.I do hope you ar

21、e getting better.2正文中提供自己的建议和观点时的常用语有：In my opinion/Personally，.I think youd better.Its a good idea to.3.正文中表示句子之间的衔接和意义上的递进与转折时的常用词汇有：whats more，besides，in addition，furthermore，however等。4.邮件的结尾客套用语有：I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Please give my regards to your family.Take good care o

22、f yourself and keep in touch.Thank you for your consideration.写作任务假设你是李华，在一所中学读书。最近收到美国朋友Smith先生的邮件。他三年前参观过你们学校，听说那里现在变化很大，希望了解有关情况。请你根据下面的汉语提示，给他用英语回一封电子邮件，介绍你们学校的变化。三年前：一座教学楼，一个操场。现状：1.校园扩建，新建起了一座教学楼，内有音乐教室、美术教室、计算机教室等；一座图书馆；体育设备齐全；2.学生人数：从1 000增加到2 000；3.绿化了校园。注意：词数100左右。审题谋篇第一步明确要求本文要求写一封电子邮件，注意

23、使用开头、结尾的常用句式和客套话语。本文主要使用现在时态，在介绍三年前的情况时用过去时态。第二步确定段落1.称呼语2.正文：Para.1：开头语；Para.2：介绍学校在这三年间的变化；Para.3：结束语。3.落款(签名)第三步词汇热身1.收到的来信hear from2.发生take place3.过去常常used to 4.使用中in use5.装备着be equipped with6.的数目the number of第四步句式升级1.过去的三年间我们学校发生了很大的变化。(一般表达)There are many great changes in our school in the pas

24、t three years.(句式升级)Great changes have taken place in our school in the past three years.2.我们的学校不再是三年前只有一座教学楼和一个操场的学校。(一般表达)Our school is different from that three years ago，and then there was only a teaching building and a playground.(句式升级)Our school is no longer what it used to be three years ago，

25、when there was only a teaching building and a playground.3.其中一座楼是我们的新教学楼，内有音乐教室、美术教室、计算机教室等。(一般表达)One of the buildings is a new classroom building and there are rooms for music，art and computer teaching and so on.(句式升级)One of the buildings is a new classroom building，in which/where there are rooms f

26、or music，art and computer teaching and so on.连句成篇Mr.Smith，I was pleased to hear from you and I am writing to tell you something about my school.You are right.Great changes have taken place in my school in the past three years.It is no longer what it used to be three years ago，when there was only a t

27、eaching building and a playground.Im happy to tell you two new buildings have been built and are in use.One of them is a new classroom building，in which there are rooms for music，art and computer teaching and so on.The other is the library，where there are all kinds of books，newspapers and magazines.

28、Besides，my school is well equipped with sports facilities.The number of the students has also grown from 1,000 to 2,000.Whats more，we have planted a lot of trees in and around the school.I believe my school will become better and better，and I hope you will visit my school again.Yours，Li Hua.单元语法A)用适

29、当的关系词填空1.This book of yours，which I finished reading last night，is very interesting.2.The film brought the hours back to me，when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.3.I lost a book，whose title cant be remembered now.4.As is said above，the number of the students in our school has increas

30、ed.5.Last week，only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it.B)单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)6.Her dog， was now very old，was killed by a car.7. is known to us all，smoking is harmful to our health.8.The girl， mother is a nurse，studies very hard.9.I have two brothers，both of are teachers

31、.10.After graduation，I decided to stay in Guangzhou， I spent all my childhood.阅读理解AModern zoos are very different from zoos built fifty years ago.At that time，zoos were places where people could go to see animals from many parts of the world.The animals lived in cages with iron bars，which were easy to keep clean.However，for the animals，the cages were small and impossible to hide in.Although the zoo keepers took good care of them，many of the animals did not feel comfortable，and they often became ill.In modern zoos，people can see anim