中考英语复习之简单句.doc

1、2016年中考英语复习之简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句)一、简单句的五大基本句型1.主语+谓语(不及物动词) 2.主语+谓语+宾语 3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 5.主语+系动词+表语常见的双宾语动词:mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sel

2、l sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb.为某人做某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物可

3、以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等 。We call this kind of flower rose. Who left/kept the door open/closed? Let him out. 介词短语用作宾补常表示宾语所处的状态，它们之间亦具有逻辑主表关系。如：Make yourself at home. They found everything in good order.充当宾补的不定式有：a.动词不定式必须带to。这类动词有tell, ask, order, like, wish, want, expect, invite.b.动词不定式省略动

4、词不定式符号to。这类动词有:feel,listen to, hear,let, make,look at, see, watch, notice,但这类动词在变被动时，要加上动词不定式符号toI often hear him sing in the next room. 现在分词作宾补则表示宾语和宾补动作正在进行。现在分词作宾补与宾语之间存在主动关系，过去分词作宾补与宾语之间则为被动关系。二、陈述句(陈述句分为肯定句和否定句)陈述句用来说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法，句末用句号。否定句的结构有:a.含有be动词、助动词、情态动词的否定形式，直接在后面加not。b.含有实义动词的否定形式,要

5、根据相应的人称和时态,借助助动词dont/doesnt/didnt.c.还可以用(no,never,no one, nobody,nothing,neither of, none of,little,few,seldom,hardly,too. to.)来构成否定形式。三、疑问句(疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句、否定疑问句)1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句用来询问事物或情况是否属实，需要对方用Yes/No给予肯定或否定回答。在回答时，要注意肯定一致与否定一致。2.否定疑问句通常是以be动词/情态动词/助动词+not开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气，注意回答时Yes或No

6、的意思。(难道不?)- Dont you know the boy? -Yes,I do.(Yes,I know the boy) -No,I dont.(No,I dont know the boy)3.特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句a.如果疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语，疑问句的语序与陈述句语序一致；如果疑问词在句中作其他成分，则用“疑问词+一般疑问句”的结构。What is your name? Which one is Bob? Whose book is this?b.常见的特殊疑问词及其用法用how long(多长时间,多久)提问，通常用for/since来回答；用how of

7、ten(多久一次)提问，通常用频度副词或表示频率的短语来回答；用how soon(多久以后)提问，通常用in+时间段来回答；用how far(多远)提问距离。4.选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况进行回答的问句叫选择疑问句。a.一般选择疑问句的结构:一般疑问句 + or + 被选择的部分?-Do you likes apples or oranges? - I like apples. b.特殊选择疑问句的结构:特殊疑问句，A or B？-Which would you like better, tea or coffee? - I like coffee.5.反意疑问

8、句 反意疑问句由“陈述句+附加问句”组成,问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做进一步的证实.当前面的陈述句是肯定句时,后面用否定形式进行反问,即前肯后否.Tom is a student,isnt he?.当前面的陈述句是否定句时,后面用肯定形式进行反问,即前否后肯.Tom isnt a student,is he?附加问句的主语要用代词,并与陈述部分的主语一致,谓语在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致。.陈述部分含有no, never, no one, nobody, nothing, neither of, none of, little, few, seldom, hardly, too. to

9、. 等否定意义的词时，疑问部分要用肯定结构；但陈述部分带有否定前缀、后缀的词unhappy, important，dislike时，疑问部分仍用否定结构。.陈述部分是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用be there。.陈述部分的主语是指事/物的不定代词时(everything/nothing/anything/something),疑问部分主语代词用it.陈述部分的主语是指人的不定代词时(everybody/everyone/anybody/anyone/somebody/someone/ nobody/no one/none/neither),疑问部分的主语代词用they.陈述部分

10、的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。.陈述部分出现I am.时，反意疑问句用arent I。.肯定祈使句的疑问部分用will you,否定祈使句的疑问部分用will you；以Lets开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we；但以Let us/me开头的祈使句，疑问部分用will you?.陈述部分出现have/has/had时，在一般现在时/一般过去时表示“有”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;have/has/had to表示“不得不”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/

11、does/did;have/has/had表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;had better表示“最好”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词did;have/has/had出现在完成时，疑问部分用have/has/had;.陈述部分出现must时,must表示“必须”之意时，疑问部分要用neednt.must表示推测，表“一定”之意时，疑问部分的谓语要根据must后面的动词来确定。He must work hard at physics, mustnt he?The man must be Mr Wang,isnt he? Tom must be at hom

12、e，isnt he?.在宾语从句中，若主句主语是第一人称，且谓语动词是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine时，疑问部分用肯定结构还是否定结构关键看主句，疑问部分的主语和谓语要与从句一致。(11).当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用it。I dont think he will come, will he? (12).当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, cant, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, cant自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致，随时间和人称而变化.所谓还原法，就是先把句子还原

13、成一个不带must推测意味的句子。如He must be a teacher.He is a teacher.其反意疑问句为isnt he? You must have waited for a long time.You have waited for a long time.其反意疑问句havent you?注意：1、在must 表示现在情况的推测时，要注意主语对还原后句子谓语动词的影响。如：a.He must be ill at home, isnt he?（还原为He is ill at home.）b.They must be ill at home, arent they?(还原为

14、They are ill at home.)2、must 表示对过去的情况推测时，要注意句意和时间状语对还原后句子时态的影响。如含有 for a long time, so far, before, since 等时间状语的句子还原后句子为完成时；而含有last night, yesterday, the other day, ten years ago 等时间状语的句子则还原为过去时。如：He must have seen her in the street yesterday, didnt he?（还原为：He saw her in the street yesterday.）He mus

15、t have learned English for more than 10 years, hasnt he?（还原为：He has learned English for more than 10 years.）6.反意疑问句的回答对反意疑问句作回答时，如果答案是肯定的，则用yes;若果答案是否定的，则用no.-Lucy skates very well,doesnt she? -Yes,she does.( Yes,she skates very well -No,she doesnt(No,she doesnt skate very wel)-You dont like eating

16、apples,do you？-Yes,I do.( Yes,I like eating apples) -No,I dont like eating apples.四、感叹句1. What + a/an +形容词 + 单数可数名词+ (主语+谓语)！2. What +形容词 +可数名词复数形式+ (主语+谓语)！3. What +形容词 +不可数名词+ (主语+谓语)！4.How +形容词/副词+ (主语+谓语)！5. How + 形容词+ a/an + 单数可数名词 +(主语+谓语)！6.How + 句子（陈述语序）！ How time flies! 光阴似箭！ How I miss you

17、! 我多么想你呀！感叹句做题步骤:找谓语定主语判断划线前单词的词性确定感叹词(what/how)(1) fine weather it is today!A.What a B.How C.How a D.What(2)- colorful flowers they are! -Yes.They were planted to make our city more beautiful.A.What a B.How C.How a D.What(3) amazing NBA game it was!It attracted many audiences.A.What a B.How C.What

18、D.What an(4)- brave Zhang Hua is! -Yes.He helped his neighbour,Mrs. Sun,out of the fire.A.What a B.How C.How a D.What(5)- day it is! -Lets go out and enjoy the sunshine!A.What a lovely B.How windy C.How wet D.What a rainy五、祈使句 祈使句用来表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等语气,通常无主语,please也可以省略。1.祈使句的类型a.肯定式祈使句(动词原形+其他成分) Come

19、in, please.b.否定式祈使句(Dont + 动词原形+其他成分) Dont smoke in the hospital.c.以let开头的祈使句Lets+动词原形+其他成分。Lets go to school.Lets not +动词原形+其他成分。Lets not go to the movies.d.No+名词/动名词。No parking! No photos!2.祈使句的回答-Please listen to me carefully. -Yes,I will. -Dont open the window. -Sorry,I wont.3.祈使句，and/or+陈述句。(此句

20、型中陈述句要用一般将来时)Work harder,and youll get good grades.Hurry up,or you wont catch up with the early bus.( )1.-Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July. -Really? exciting news!( 2015长沙) A.How B.What an C.What( )2.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. great courage he showed! (20

21、15苏州) A. What a B. What C. How a D. How( )3.-Listen! Someone is playing the piano.-Wow! beautiful music! I like it very much. （2015安顺）A.What B.How a C.What a D.How( )4.Franklin told them all to be in Britain again. （2015杭州）A.how happy was he B.how happy he was C.how was he happy D.how he happy was(

22、)5.-_ nice day today! -Yeah, lets take a walk outside. （2015娄底）A.What a B.What C.How( )6.-The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized(倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st.- bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue(救援)? （2015襄阳）A.What a B.What C.How a D.How( )7.- is your fath

23、er? Does he still work as an engineer?-Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.（2015安徽）A.Who B.How C.What D.Which( )8.- does your father go to the fitness center? -He exercises there twice a week.(2015福州) A.How soon B.How often C.How long( )9.- will the invitations be sent to our guests? -In t

24、hree days. （2015广州）A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.How far( )10.- is it from the New Town to the old city centre? -Less than 30 minutes by underground. (2015无锡) A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far( )11. is it from your home to school? （2015克拉玛依）A.How far B.How long C.How soon D.How often

25、( )12.- do I need to feed the pet dog? -Twice a day. （2015泰安）A.How long B.How much C.How soon D.How often( )13.Listen up, everybody! Show me your licence. Dont ask . Just do it!（2015无锡）A.what B.when C.how D.why( )14.-Could you please tell me you will go to HongKong on business? -Sure. I prefer to ta

26、ke a plane.( 2015泰安) A.whether B.why C.when D.How( )15.-Wow! beautiful the music is! -Yes. Thats my favorite. （2015济宁）A.What B.What a C.What an D.How( )16.- does Bob usually go to work? -He usually rides his bike. （2015武威）A.What B.Who C.Where D.How( )17.-Could you tell me it is from the nearest shop

27、 to our school? -About five minutes walk.( 2015自贡) A.how long B.how far C.How many( )18.-You come to school early every day. is it from your home to school?-Its only about one kilometer. （2015襄阳）A.How long B.How much C.How many D.How far( )19.- can you finish your homework? -In about one and a half

28、hours.(2015益阳) A.How fast B.How soon C.How often( )20.- did you work out the problem in such a short time? -With Mr. Lis help.(2015重庆A/C卷) A.When B.Where C.How D.Which( )21.-Excuse me, madam. Could you please tell me the bus arrives? -Sure. At 9:00.A.where B.when C.why D.how( )22.We have to finish t

29、he work now, ?（2015呼和浩特）A.dont we B.havent we C.have we D.do we( )23.-Dont be late for school next time, ? -No, I wont. （2015安顺）A.are you B.will you C.do you D.did you( )24.Nancy, seep the classroom, ?A.dont you B.do you C.will you D.doesnt she( )25.-Its Fathers Day today, ? -Yes, lets buy a gift for Dad. （2015益阳）A.isnt he B.doesnt it C.isnt it( )26.He hardly goes to school by car, he?( 2014铜仁) A. does B . d