计算机专业英语keyterm chapter 6.docx

1、计算机专业英语keyterm chapter 6Key Terms - Chapter 6active display areaThe diagonal length of a monitors viewing areaactive-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED)A monitor technology that has the benefits of lower-power consumption and longer battery life, as well as possibilities for much thinner di

2、splays.artificial intelligence (AI)A field of computer science that attempts to develop computer systems that can mimic or simulate human thought processes and actions.aspect ratioThe width of a monitor divided by its height. Common aspect ratios for monitors are 4:3 (standard) and 16:10 (wide scree

3、n).bar codeCode consisting of vertical zebra-striped marks printed on product containers, read with a bar code reader.bar code readerPhotoelectric scanner that reads bar codes for processing.card readerA device that interprets the encoded information contained on credit, debit, access, and identific

4、ation cards.carpal tunnel syndromeA repetitive strain injury consisting of damage to the nerves and tendons in the hands.cathode-ray tube (CRT)Desktop-type monitor built in the same way as a television set. The most common type of monitor for office and home use. These monitors are typically placed

5、directly on the system unit or on top of a desk.clarityIndicated by the resolution, or number of pixels, on a monitor. The greater the resolution, the better the clarity.cloud printerA printer connected to the Internet that provides printing services to others on the Ibination keyKeys such as the Ct

6、rl key that perform an action when held down in combination with another key.contrast ratioIndicates a monitors ability to display colors. It compares the light intensity of the brightest white to the darkest black.cordless mouseA battery-powered mouse that typically uses radio waves or infrared lig

7、ht waves to communicate with the system unit. Also known as wireless mouse.digital cameraSimilar to a traditional camera except that images are recorded digitally in the cameras memory rather than on film.digital media playerAlso known as digital music player; a specialized device for storing, trans

8、ferring, and playing audio files.dance padAn input device for dance games where signals are sent via a pressure-sensitive mat.digital video cameraInput device that records motion digitally.digital whiteboardA specialized device with a large display connected to a computer or projector.display screen

9、Seemonitor.document scannerSimilar to a flatbed scanner except that it can quickly scan multipage documents. It automatically feeds one page of a document at a time through a scanning surface.dot pitchDistance between each pixel. The lower the dot pitch, the shorter the distance between pixels, and

10、the higher the clarity of images produced.dots per inch (dpi)Printer resolution is measured in dpi. The higher the dpi, the better the quality of images produced.duplex printingAllows automatic printing on both sides of a sheet of paper.e-book reader (e-reader)Handheld, book-sized devices that displ

11、ay text and graphics. Using content downloaded from theWeb or special cartridges, these devices are used to read newspapers, magazines, and books.ergonomicsThe study of human factors related to things people use.e-inkA black and white output from some e-book readers producing images that reflect lig

12、ht like ordinary paper.flat-panel monitorOr liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor. These monitors are much thinner than CRTs and can be used for desktop systems as well.flatbed scannerAn input device similar to a copying machine.gamepadAn input device designed to be held by two hands and provide a wi

13、de array of inputs including motion, turning, stopping, and firing.game controllerA device that provides input to computer games.Google Cloud PrintA Google service that supports cloud printing.grayscaleThe most common black ink selection in which images are displayed using many shades of gray.handwr

14、iting recognition softwareTranslates handwritten notes into a form that the system unit can process.hard copyInformation presented on paper; also referred to as printer output.headsetsAudio-output devices connected to a sound card in the system unit. The sound card is used to capture as well as play

15、 back recorded sound.high-definition television (HDTV)All-digital television that delivers a much clearer and more detailed widescreen picture.household robotRobot designed to vacuum or scrub floors, mow lawns, patrol the house, or simply provide entertainment.immersive experienceAllows the user to

16、walk into a virtual reality room or view simulations on a virtual reality wall.industrial robotRobot used in factories to perform a variety of tasks. For example, machines used in automobile plants to do painting and polishing.inkjet printerPrinter that sprays small droplets of ink at high speed ont

17、o the surface of the paper, producing letter-quality images, and can print in color.inputAny data or instructions used by a computer.input devicePiece of equipment that translates data into a form a computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse.interactive whiteb

18、oardSeedigital whiteboard.Internet telephoneLow-cost alternative to long-distance telephone calls using electronic voice delivery.Internet (IP) telephonySeetelephony.joystickPopular input device for computer games. You control game actions by varying the pressure, speed, and direction of the joystic

19、k.keyboardInput device that looks like a typewriter keyboard but has additional keys.laser printerPrinter that creates dotlike images on a drum, using a laser beam light source.liquid crystal display (LCD)A technology used for flat-panel monitors.magnetic card readerA card reader that reads encoded

20、information from a magnetic strip on the back of a card.magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)Direct entry scanning devices used in banks. This technology is used to automatically read the numbers on the bottom of checks.Mobile Digital TelevisionA technology that allows television stations to bro

21、adcast their programming directly to smartphones, computers, and digital media players.mobile robotsRobots that act as transports and are used for a variety of different tasks.monitorOutput device like a television screen that displays data processed by the computer.motion sensing deviceAn input dev

22、ice that controls games with user movements.mouseDevice that typically rolls on the desktop and directs the cursor on the display screen.mouse pointerTypically in the shape of an arrow.multifunctional devices (MFD)Devices that typically combine the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copyin

23、g machine.multitouch screenCan be touched with more than one finger, which allows for interactions such as rotating graphical objects on the screen with your hand or zooming in and out by pinching and stretching your fingers.notebook keyboardA keyboard widely used on notebook computers, including ne

24、tbooks.optical-character recognition (OCR)Scanning device that uses special preprinted characters, such as those printed on utility bills, that can be read by a light source and changed into machine-readable code.optical-mark recognition (OMR)Device that senses the presence or absence of a mark, suc

25、h as a pencil mark. As an example, anOMR device is used to score multiple choice tests.optical mouseA type of mouse that emits and senses light to detect mouse movement.optical scannerDevice that identifies images or text on a page and automatically converts them to electronic signals that can be st

26、ored in a computer to copy or reproduce.outputProcessed data or information.output deviceEquipment that translates processed information from the central processing unit into a form that can be understood by humans. The most common output devices are monitors and printers.perception system robotRobo

27、t that imitates some of the human senses.personal laser printerInexpensive laser printer widely used by single users to produce black-and-white documents.photo printerA special-purpose ink-jet printer designed to print photo-quality images from digital cameras.pixel (picture elements)Smallest unit o

28、n the screen that can be turned on and off or made different shades. Pixels are individual dots that form images on a monitor. The greater the resolution, the more pixels and the better the clarity.pixel pitchThe distance between each pixel on a monitor.platform scannerHandheld direct-entry device u

29、sed to read special characters on price tags. Also known as wand reader.plotterSpecial-purpose output device for producing bar charts, maps, architectural drawings, and three- dimensional illustrations.pointing deviceA device that provides an intuitive interface with the system unit by accepting poi

30、nting gestures and converting them into machine-readable input.pointing stickDevice used to control the pointer by directing the stick with your finger.portable media playerAlso known as digital media player; a specialized device for storing, transferring, and playing audio files.portable scannerA h

31、andheld device that slides across an image to be scanned, making direct contact.printerDevice that produces printed paper output.resolutionA measurement in pixels of a monitors clarity. For a given monitor, the greater the resolution, the more pixels and the clearer the image.RFID (radio-frequency i

32、dentification) reader:A device used to read radio-frequency identification information.RFID (radio-frequency identification) tagMicrochips that contain electronically stored information and can be embedded in items such as consumer products, drivers licenses, passports, etc.robotRobots are computer-controlled machines that mimic the motor