计算机专业英语keyterm chapter 6.docx
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计算机专业英语keytermchapter6
KeyTerms-Chapter6
activedisplayarea
Thediagonallengthofamonitor’sviewingarea
active-matrixorganiclight-emittingdiode(AMOLED)
Amonitortechnologythathasthebenefitsoflower-powerconsumptionandlongerbatterylife,aswellaspossibilitiesformuchthinnerdisplays.
artificialintelligence(AI)
Afieldofcomputersciencethatattemptstodevelopcomputersystemsthatcanmimicorsimulatehumanthoughtprocessesandactions.
aspectratio
Thewidthofamonitordividedbyitsheight.Commonaspectratiosformonitorsare4:
3(standard)and16:
10(widescreen).
barcode
Codeconsistingofverticalzebra-stripedmarksprintedonproductcontainers,readwithabarcodereader.
barcodereader
Photoelectricscannerthatreadsbarcodesforprocessing.
cardreader
Adevicethatinterpretstheencodedinformationcontainedoncredit,debit,access,andidentificationcards.
carpaltunnelsyndrome
Arepetitivestraininjuryconsistingofdamagetothenervesandtendonsinthehands.
cathode-raytube(CRT)
Desktop-typemonitorbuiltinthesamewayasatelevisionset.Themostcommontypeofmonitorforofficeandhomeuse.Thesemonitorsaretypicallyplaceddirectlyonthesystemunitorontopofadesk.
clarity
Indicatedbytheresolution,ornumberofpixels,onamonitor.Thegreatertheresolution,thebettertheclarity.
cloudprinter
AprinterconnectedtotheInternetthatprovidesprintingservicestoothersontheInternet.
combinationkey
KeyssuchastheCtrlkeythatperformanactionwhenhelddownincombinationwithanotherkey.
contrastratio
Indicatesamonitor’sabilitytodisplaycolors.Itcomparesthelightintensityofthebrightestwhitetothedarkestblack.
cordlessmouse
Abattery-poweredmousethattypicallyusesradiowavesorinfraredlightwavestocommunicatewiththesystemunit.Alsoknownaswirelessmouse.
digitalcamera
Similartoatraditionalcameraexceptthatimagesarerecordeddigitallyinthecamera’smemoryratherthanonfilm.
digitalmediaplayer
Alsoknownasdigitalmusicplayer;aspecializeddeviceforstoring,transferring,andplayingaudiofiles.
dancepad
Aninputdevicefordancegameswheresignalsaresentviaapressure-sensitivemat.
digitalvideocamera
Inputdevicethatrecordsmotiondigitally.
digitalwhiteboard
Aspecializeddevicewithalargedisplayconnectedtoacomputerorprojector.
displayscreen
See monitor.
documentscanner
Similartoaflatbedscannerexceptthatitcanquicklyscanmultipagedocuments.Itautomaticallyfeedsonepageofadocumentatatimethroughascanningsurface.
dotpitch
Distancebetweeneachpixel.Thelowerthedotpitch,theshorterthedistancebetweenpixels,andthehighertheclarityofimagesproduced.
dotsperinch(dpi)
Printerresolutionismeasuredindpi.Thehigherthedpi,thebetterthequalityofimagesproduced.
duplexprinting
Allowsautomaticprintingonbothsidesofasheetofpaper.
e-bookreader(e-reader)
Handheld,book-sizeddevicesthatdisplaytextandgraphics.Usingcontentdownloadedfromthe
Weborspecialcartridges,thesedevicesareusedtoreadnewspapers,magazines,andbooks.
ergonomics
Thestudyofhumanfactorsrelatedtothingspeopleuse.
e-ink
Ablackandwhiteoutputfromsomee-bookreadersproducingimagesthatreflectlightlikeordinarypaper.
flat-panelmonitor
Orliquidcrystaldisplay(LCD)monitor.ThesemonitorsaremuchthinnerthanCRTsandcanbeusedfordesktopsystemsaswell.
flatbedscanner
Aninputdevicesimilartoacopyingmachine.
gamepad
Aninputdevicedesignedtobeheldbytwohandsandprovideawidearrayofinputsincludingmotion,turning,stopping,andfiring.
gamecontroller
Adevicethatprovidesinputtocomputergames.
GoogleCloudPrint
AGoogleservicethatsupportscloudprinting.
grayscale
Themostcommonblackinkselectioninwhichimagesaredisplayedusingmanyshadesofgray.
handwritingrecognitionsoftware
Translateshandwrittennotesintoaformthatthesystemunitcanprocess.
hardcopy
Informationpresentedonpaper;alsoreferredtoasprinteroutput.
headsets
Audio-outputdevicesconnectedtoasoundcardinthesystemunit.Thesoundcardisusedtocaptureaswellasplaybackrecordedsound.
high-definitiontelevision(HDTV)
All-digitaltelevisionthatdeliversamuchclearerandmoredetailedwidescreenpicture.
householdrobot
Robotdesignedtovacuumorscrubfloors,mowlawns,patrolthehouse,orsimplyprovideentertainment.
immersiveexperience
Allowstheusertowalkintoavirtualrealityroomorviewsimulationsonavirtualrealitywall.
industrialrobot
Robotusedinfactoriestoperformavarietyoftasks.Forexample,machinesusedinautomobileplantstodopaintingandpolishing.
inkjetprinter
Printerthatsprayssmalldropletsofinkathighspeedontothesurfaceofthepaper,producingletter-qualityimages,andcanprintincolor.
input
Anydataorinstructionsusedbyacomputer.
inputdevice
Pieceofequipmentthattranslatesdataintoaformacomputercanprocess.Themostcommoninputdevicesarethekeyboardandthemouse.
interactivewhiteboard
See digitalwhiteboard.
Internettelephone
Low-costalternativetolong-distancetelephonecallsusingelectronicvoicedelivery.
Internet(IP)telephony
See telephony.
joystick
Popularinputdeviceforcomputergames.Youcontrolgameactionsbyvaryingthepressure,speed,anddirectionofthejoystick.
keyboard
Inputdevicethatlookslikeatypewriterkeyboardbuthasadditionalkeys.
laserprinter
Printerthatcreatesdotlikeimagesonadrum,usingalaserbeamlightsource.
liquidcrystaldisplay(LCD)
Atechnologyusedforflat-panelmonitors.
magneticcardreader
Acardreaderthatreadsencodedinformationfromamagneticstriponthebackofacard.
magnetic-inkcharacterrecognition(MICR)
Directentryscanningdevicesusedinbanks.Thistechnologyisusedtoautomaticallyreadthenumbersonthebottomofchecks.
MobileDigitalTelevision
Atechnologythatallowstelevisionstationstobroadcasttheirprogrammingdirectlytosmartphones,computers,anddigitalmediaplayers.
mobilerobots
Robotsthatactastransportsandareusedforavarietyofdifferenttasks.
monitor
Outputdevicelikeatelevisionscreenthatdisplaysdataprocessedbythecomputer.
motionsensingdevice
Aninputdevicethatcontrolsgameswithusermovements.
mouse
Devicethattypicallyrollsonthedesktopanddirectsthecursoronthedisplayscreen.
mousepointer
Typicallyintheshapeofanarrow.
multifunctionaldevices(MFD)
Devicesthattypicallycombinethecapabilitiesofascanner,printer,fax,andcopyingmachine.
multitouchscreen
Canbetouchedwithmorethanonefinger,whichallowsforinteractionssuchasrotatinggraphicalobjectsonthescreenwithyourhandorzoominginandoutbypinchingandstretchingyourfingers.
notebookkeyboard
Akeyboardwidelyusedonnotebookcomputers,includingnetbooks.
optical-characterrecognition(OCR)
Scanningdevicethatusesspecialpreprintedcharacters,suchasthoseprintedonutilitybills,thatcanbereadbyalightsourceandchangedintomachine-readablecode.
optical-markrecognition(OMR)
Devicethatsensesthepresenceorabsenceofamark,suchasapencilmark.Asanexample,an
OMRdeviceisusedtoscoremultiplechoicetests.
opticalmouse
Atypeofmousethatemitsandsenseslighttodetectmousemovement.
opticalscanner
Devicethatidentifiesimagesortextonapageandautomaticallyconvertsthemtoelectronicsignalsthatcanbestoredinacomputertocopyorreproduce.
output
Processeddataorinformation.
outputdevice
Equipmentthattranslatesprocessedinformationfromthecentralprocessingunitintoaformthatcanbeunderstoodbyhumans.Themostcommonoutputdevicesaremonitorsandprinters.
perceptionsystemrobot
Robotthatimitatessomeofthehumansenses.
personallaserprinter
Inexpensivelaserprinterwidelyusedbysingleuserstoproduceblack-and-whitedocuments.
photoprinter
Aspecial-purposeink-jetprinterdesignedtoprintphoto-qualityimagesfromdigitalcameras.
pixel(pictureelements)
Smallestunitonthescreenthatcanbeturnedonandofformadedifferentshades.Pixelsareindividualdotsthatformimagesonamonitor.Thegreatertheresolution,themorepixelsandthebettertheclarity.
pixelpitch
Thedistancebetweeneachpixelonamonitor.
platformscanner
Handhelddirect-entrydeviceusedtoreadspecialcharactersonpricetags.Alsoknownaswandreader.
plotter
Special-purposeoutputdeviceforproducingbarcharts,maps,architecturaldrawings,andthree-dimensionalillustrations.
pointingdevice
Adevicethatprovidesanintuitiveinterfacewiththesystemunitbyacceptingpointinggesturesandconvertingthemintomachine-readableinput.
pointingstick
Deviceusedtocontrolthepointerbydirectingthestickwithyourfinger.
portablemediaplayer
Alsoknownasdigitalmediaplayer;aspecializeddeviceforstoring,transferring,andplayingaudiofiles.
portablescanner
Ahandhelddevicethatslidesacrossanimagetobescanned,makingdirectcontact.
printer
Devicethatproducesprintedpaperoutput.
resolution
Ameasurementinpixelsofamonitor’sclarity.Foragivenmonitor,thegreatertheresolution,themorepixelsandtheclearertheimage.
RFID(radio-frequencyidentification)reader:
Adeviceusedtoreadradio-frequencyidentificationinformation.
RFID(radio-frequencyidentification)tag
Microchipsthatcontainelectronicallystoredinformationandcanbeembeddedinitemssuchasconsumerproducts,driver’slicenses,passports,etc.
robot
Robotsarecomputer-controlledmachinesthatmimicthemotor