阅读中的词汇学习.docx

1、阅读中的词汇学习阅 读 中 的 词 汇 学 习阅读理解中猜词题的解题策略北京十中 程丽英指导思想和理论依据1. 普通高中课程标准中明确指出：高中阶段必须达到七级目标，在七级语言技能方面要求：能够通过上下文克服生词困难,理解语篇意义; 2. 课标明确指出：高中英语课程的设计与实施有利于学生优化英语学习方式，鼓励学生通过观察、积极尝试、自我探究、自我发现和主动实践的学习方法，充分发挥自己的学习潜能，形成有效的学习策略，提高学生自主学习的能力；3. 正确理解文章中单词和短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。不懂单词含义根本谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标柱的汉语意

2、思，其含义虽不同的语境会有所不同。因此，能够根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。教学设计思路本节课的设计意图：刚刚进行了丰台区一模和西城区一模考试，发现猜测词义题目的正答率偏低，猜测词义题虽然不是阅读测试的重点，但是高考阅读理解能力考查的重要内容，是对学生多方面综合能力的检测，为此，本人对2008年全国18套高考题中涉及了猜测词义的题目做了统计并进行了认真的分析，发现解猜词义题还是有规律可循的，因此，我帮助学生对这类题目的阶梯方法进行了归纳和总结，希望能对考生阅读能力的提高有所帮助。教学内容通过分析学生试卷，发现学生猜测词义题的正答率偏低，因此，教师将20

3、08年高考阅读中涉及猜测词义的题精心挑选并分类，并请学生在限定的时间内完成这些题目，在教师指导下，以小组合作学习的形式，进行分析，归纳，帮助学生总结一些猜测词义题的有效的学习策略；并将学到的策略应用于实践中。教学目标（一）知识与技能目标：1. 对于不认识的词，或熟词新义、短语或句子，能够通过上下文提供的线索推断出意义； 2. 能够通过观察、实践，总结归纳猜测词义题的应对策略，并能够将策略应用于猜测词义题中。（二）过程与方法1. 从学生的兴趣出发，按照“发现问题分析、解决问题总结策略实际应用”的教学思路，在各个环节上设计学习任务，最终达到学习目的；2. 采用学生自主学习和小组合作讨论学习相结合的

4、活动方式，最终使学生猜测词义能力得到提高。（三）情感与态度目标：1.通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，为学生营造和谐的学习氛围，激发学习英语的兴趣，充分调动学生的思维活动和情感体验，从而提高学生自主学习的能力；2. 能够通过讨论，交流与合作的自主探究的方式总结归纳猜测词义题的应对的策略；并能将策略应用与实践中，从而树立学生学习英语的自信心。 教学流程图 教学步骤 教学内容 教学目的教学方法：学生自主探究的学习的教学方式教学辅助：电脑（PPT），students work sheets*教学过程：(Preparation: In order to find methods of gues

5、sing meanings of underlined words, the students were requested to read several passages which are related to it)Step1. Q: 阅读理解题的题型有什么？（细节理解题，猜测词义题，推理判断题和主旨大意体） 上节课同学们做的是哪种题型的题？ （推理判断题）分析：(ppt. 呈现)统计对象猜测词和短语的题数指代关系题猜测句子理题猜测词义题总数2008全国各地18套题163322Step2.Observation, discussion, discovery and summaryGro

6、up1全国 B北京C福建BSummary: 利用定语或定语从句猜测词义；全国B: In nutrition (营养) it was all good news too. This nice tasting pineapple（菠萝） contained four times more vitamin C(维生素C) than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. People were unders

7、tandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater. 62. The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something _. A. that people en

8、joy eating B. that is always present C. that is difficult to get D. that people use as a gift北京C: You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now

9、and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.63. The underlined word “contributions” probably means _.A. money B. suggestions C. rep

10、orts D. understanding福建B:For years we have been told that encouraging a childs self-respect is important to his or her success is life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek to

11、 same kind of approval from friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.61. The underlined words “Praise-aholic kids” refers to kids who are _. A. tired of being praised B. worthy of being praised C. very proud of being praised D. extremely fond of being praisedAnalysis:定语或定语从句a

12、 fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater. 全国I Bcontributions towards gifts for employeespersonal-life events北京Cpraise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn福建BGroup2全国 C江苏ASummary: 利用上下文的对应关系猜测词义；全国C:Some politicians often use this trick. Lets say that during Governor Smiths last term,

13、her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents (对手) says, “During Governor Smiths term, the state lost one million jobs!” thats true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smiths term, the state had a net gai

14、n of two million jobs.”51. What do the underline words “net gain” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. final increase B. big advantage C. large share D. total savingAnalysis:江苏A:Time is something from which we cant escape. Even if we ignore it, its still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute

15、, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Whos in charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our allyAnalysis:. 56. The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 more likely means somebody or something that is _. A. your slave

16、 and serves you B. your supporter and helps you C. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows youAnalysis:对应关 系(1) lost1, 000,000jobs gained 3,000,000 jobslost1, 000,000jobs net gained 2,000,000jobs final increased (2) allow time to slip by our enemytake control of it suppo

17、rterGroup3四川D辽宁DSummary: 利用因果关系猜测词义；四川DHiking(远足)Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.48. What do the underlined w

18、ords “pack out what you pack in” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. keep every out of campgrounds B. take away everything you bring in C. carry all the necessary food D. look after your personal belongings 辽宁D Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules (分子) h

19、eld in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.71. What does “glycol-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraph mean?A. sugar B. ice C. bloo

20、d D. moleculeAnalysis:因果关系Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. Group4湖南C湖北B广东CSummary: 利用上文举例，下文例证，下文解释猜测词义；湖南CHugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other Person, we even co

21、py his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how youre sitting-its pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe its our way of telling each other that youre parents. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle (微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions

22、. ”66. The underlined word “synchronise” in paragraph 4 means “_”. A. move slowly B. change rapidly C. relax temporarily D. respond accordinglyAnalysis:下文例证synchronise and when we like the other person, we even copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how youre sitting-its p

23、retty likely that you will be the same. 湖北BKathy started at my nursery school at the age of three. She settled into the group easily, and would be first on the slide and highest up the climbing frame. She could put on her coat without help and not only fasten her own buttons but other childrens too.

24、 She was a lovely child but unfortunately a scratcher. If anyone upset her or stood in her way, her right hand would flash out fast and scratch down the face of her playmates. Children twice her age would fly in fear from her. This must have been very rewarding for Kathy but obviously it had to be s

25、topped. All the usual ways failed and then I remembered and account by G. Atkinson of Highfield School, of how fights in the playground had been stopped. No punishment had been given, but the attacker had been ignored and the victims rewarded. So I decided to try this out on Kathy. With a pocketful

26、of Smarties I followed Kathy around. She was so quick that it was impossible to prevent her scratching, but I was determined to stay within arms length all afternoon. All was peaceful but then I saw Kathys hand moved and heard the scream. Gently I gathered up the little hurt one in my arms and said

27、“Nice, nice sweetie” and I put a Smartie into her mouth. Kathy opened her mouth, expecting a Smartie and then looked puzzled when she got nothing.Soon came another scream, this time from John. While holding him in my arms, I said, “Look, Kathy, a nice Smartie for John” and put it into Johns mouth.A

28、smile of understanding flashed across Kathys face, Minutes later, she came to me and said loudly, “Give me a Smartie! I have hurt my finger!”“No,” I replied, “youll get it if someone hurts you.”On purpose, she turned and scratched a nearby boy. Tom, and waited quietly while I mothered and rewarded h

29、im, then she walked away.She has never scratched a child since.Parents who find older children bullying younger brothers and sisters might do well to replace shouting and punishment by rewarding and more attention to the injured ones. Its certainly much easier and more effective.67According to the p

30、assage, the underlined word “bullying” is closest in meaning to “ ”Ahelping Bpunishing Churting Dprotecting上文举例Analysis:广东AParents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen

31、to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move