海上货物绑扎及系固Word文档格式.docx

1、Chains 链Fibre straps with tensioners 带有张力器的纤维带A permissible working load 允许的工作载荷Special equipment for securing containers系固集装箱的特殊设备2起重设备 lifting facilities2.1起重设备的最小安全负荷（SWL） 1.05 Mg；联合的起重设备的安全负荷之和应大于货重的1.5倍：（SWL1SWL2） 1.5 Mg2.2吊索之间的夹角应不大于45度，超过45度应采用横挡（spreader），但不得直接触碰所吊装的货物（加橡胶碰垫）2.3所有起重设备的证书应齐全并

2、在有效期内，现实状况良好2.4上述的最小安全负荷，是指起货机、吊索、卸扣、横挡等中的最小安全负荷值计算。3局部强度 local intension3.1通常，因海水因数的影响，货物的重量取其重量的1.05倍，即增加5。 P = 1.05 M g / A （A = A1 + A2 + A3+ ）3.2若没有相关的资料：3.2.1对于主甲板的强度约2.5吨/平方米；舱盖板的强度约1.3吨/平方米（长度大于100米）、0.75吨/平方米（长度小于100米）；舱底板的强度约1.75吨/平方米。3.2.2或使用下列中国船级社规范设计的船舶，其中d为夏季载重线吃水（米），H为甲板间高度位置最大许用堆装负荷

3、，吨/平方米内底D货舱内货物甲板H/1.39货舱内舱口盖露天甲板0.865露天舱口盖甲板3.3垫木的厚度通常25毫米以上（长度150x25 毫米），但是重货的垫木厚度要求50毫米以上（长度150x50 毫米），对于厚度超过75毫米的垫木更欢迎，可是要注意木纹的方向。3.4两块垫木用铁钉连接起来，可以接受，只是要注意木纹的方向。4Rule of thumb method 经验法4.1Rule of thumb method4.1.1for cargo stowed under weather deck, Total breaking strength of lashing 2 x m x g4.

4、1.2for roll periods more than 13 seconds, total breaking strength of lashing 3 x m x glocationAcceleration AnglesLashing used to secure cargo or vechicles should have a breaking load of at least 3 times the design load, the design load being the total weight of the cargo or cargo plus vehicle subjec

5、t to acceleration ofAthwartships0.7 g55Longitudinally0.3 g73Vertically1.0 g4.2CSS & CSM4.2.1The total MSL value of the securing devices on each side of a unit of cargo （port as well as starboard） should be equal the weight of the unit. Namely, for transverse, MSL mg. 一宗货物每一侧（左舷或右舷）的绑扎装置MSL值的总和应等于该宗货

6、物的重量。4.2.2This method, which implies a transverse acceleration of 1 g（9.81 m/sec2）, applies to nearly any size of ship regardless of the location of stowage, stability and loading condition, season and area of operation. The method however, neither takes into account the adverse effects of lashing a

7、ngles and non-homogeneous distribution of force among the securing devices nor favorable of friction. 这种方法等于假定横向加速度1g （9.81 m/s2）, 并适用于任何季节和海域，任何稳性情况和载况及任何积载位置的任意大小的船舶。然而本方法既没有考虑绑扎角和绑扎设备之间的不均匀的不利作用，也没有考虑摩擦力的有效作用；4.2.3Transverse lashing angles to the deck should not be greater than 60 and it is impor

8、tant that adequate friction is provided by the use of suitable materials. Additional lashings at angles of greater than 60 may be desirable to prevent tipping but are not to be counted in the number of lashing under the rule-of thumb. 相对甲板的绑扎角不得大于60，同时用适当的材料保证有适当的摩擦力是很重要的。凭经验为防止货物倾斜可要求设置大于60角的附加绑扎，但

9、不得计入绑扎数。5Advanced calculate method（CSM chapter 1994/1995 and 1997 amendment）5.1MSL 最大系固负荷5.1.1Manufacturers of securing equipment should at least supply information on the nominal breaking strength of the equipment in kilo newtons （kN）;系固设备的生产厂家应至少提供该设备的名义破断强度值，以kN为单位；5.1.2“maximum securing load （MS

10、L） is a term used to define the load capacity for a device used to secure cargo to a ship; “最大系固载荷”（MSL）是用于定义船上系固货物的设备承载能力的术语；5.1.3Maximum securing load is to securing devices as safe working load is to lifting tackle, the MSL for different securing devices are given below （table 1 ）if not given und

11、er 3. the MSL of timber should be taken as 0.3 kN per cm2 normal to the grain. 系固设备的最大系固载荷就象起吊索具的安全工作载荷一样。各种系固设备的MSL给出如下，如果没有在下表给出。顺纹理木材的MSL取0.3 Kn / cm2。5.1.4（table 1） 由破断强度确定MSL5.1.5For particular securing devices （e.g. fibre straps with tensioners or specials equipment for securing containers） a

12、permissible working load may be prescribed and marked by authority. This should be taken as the MSL. MSL = SWL 对特定的系固设备（如带有张力器的纤维带或系固集装箱的特殊设备）其允许工作载荷由主管机关给出和标记。该值可作为MSL。5.1.6When the components of a lashing device are connected in series, for example, a wire to a shackle to a deck eyes, the minimum

13、MSL in the series shall apply to that device. 当系固装置的部件以串联形式连接时，例如，由钢丝绳到卸扣和到甲板眼，则该系固装置的MSL为串联中的最小的MSL值。5.2Assumption external forces 作用在货物件上的纵横垂向外力应用下列公式确定 F（x,y,z） = m a （x.y.z） + Fw （x. y） + Fs（x.y） F（x,y,z） longitudinal, transverse and vertical forces; 纵向、横向和垂向力； M mass of the unit 货物件质量 a （x.y.z）

14、 longitudinal, transverse and vertical acceleration （see table 2） 纵向、横向和垂向加速度;ay = aoy x K1 x K2; ax = aox x K1; az = aoz x K1K1 船长及航速修正系数；K2 船宽与初稳性高度比修正系数 Fw （x. y） longitudinal and transverse force by wind pressure, force by wind pressure = 1 kN per m2纵向、横向风压力（每平方米1千牛） Fw （x. y） = Pw x A w = A w F

15、s（x.y） longitudinal and transverse force by sea sloshing, force by sea sloshing = 1 kN per m2, Fs （x. y） = Ps x A s = As; however sea sloshing forces need only be applied to a height of deck cargo up to 2 meters above the weather deck or hatch top. For voyage in restricted area sea sloshing forces m

16、ay be neglected.由海浪晃动引起的纵、横向力；（每平方米1千牛顿）海浪的晃动引起的力可能比上述给出的力大的多。该数值应视作为在采取了防止恶劣海况的适当措施之后剩余不可避免的力。海浪的晃动力仅适用于舱口盖或风雨甲板上堆高2米的甲板货。对于限制航区的情况，海浪晃动力可不计。 Basic acceleration data （table 2） 基本加速度参数Transverse acceleration aoy in m/sec2 横向加速度Longitudinal acceleration aox in m/sec2 纵向加速度On deck high7.16.96.86.77.43

17、.8On deck low6.56.36.12.9Tween deck5.95.65.55.46.22.0Lower hold5.35.15.01.5Vertical acceleration aoz in m/sec2 垂向加速度Distance fr stern0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9L7.64.39.2 As above, on weather deck aox0.38g m/sec2, aoy0.76g m/sec2, aoz 0.94g m/sec2 under deck aox0.20g m/sec2, aoy0.64g m/sec2, aoz 0.9

18、4g m/sec2 Correction factor for length and speed （table 3） 用于船长和船速的修正系数Length/speed50607080901001201401601802009 kn1.201.091.000.920.850.790.700.630.570.530.4912 kn1.341.221.121.030.960.900.720.650.600.5615 kn1.491.361.241.151.070.890.800.730.6818 kn1.641.371.271.181.100.980.820.760.7121 kn1.781.621

19、.381.291.211.080.830.7824 kn1.931.761.501.401.311.170.91Correction factor for B/GM 13 （Table 4） 用于船宽/初稳性高度小于13时的修正系数B/GM78910111213 or above1.561.191.111.051.421.301.141.041.261.061.025.2.1The following cautions should be observed: 应遵守如下注意事项5.2.2In the case of marked roll resonance with amplitudes a

20、bove+/-30, the given figures of transverse acceleration may exceeded. Effective measures should be taken to avoid this condition. 如果明显的横摇谐振的幅度超过+/-30，则上面给出的横向加速度值可能超过。应采取有效措施避免这种情况。5.2.3In the case of heading the seas at high speed with marked slamming shocks, the given figures of longitudinal and v

21、ertical acceleration may be exceeded. An appropriate reduction of speed should be considered. 当迎浪高速航行砰击严重时，则可能超过上面给出的纵向和垂向加速度。应考虑适当降低航速。5.2.4In the case of running before large steer or aft quartering sea with a stability, which does not amply exceed the accepted minimum requirements, large roll amp

22、litudes must be expected with transverse accelerations greater than the figures given. An appropriate change of heading should be considered. 当航行于大的尾浪或尾横浪而稳性没有充分满足已接受的最小要求时，则一定会有大的横摇幅度，同时横向加速度会超出给出的值。应考虑适当的改变航向。5.3Balance of forces and moments 平衡计算应满足如下状态（见图1）Transverse force 载荷假定的横向力Fy m g + CS1 f1

23、 + CS2 f2 + +CSn fnLongitudinal force 载荷假定的纵向力Fx （m g Fz）+ CS1 f1 + CS2 f2 + +CSn fnTransverse tipping 横向翻到Fy a b m g + CS1 C1 + CS2 C2 + +CSn Cn N is the number of lashing being calculated; 计算的绑扎数量 Fy is the transverse force from load assumption （kN）; 载荷假定的横向力 Fx is longitudinal force from loading assumption （kN） m az 载荷假定的纵向力 Fz is vertical force from load assumption （kN） 载荷假定的垂向力 is friction coefficient 摩擦系数 = 0.3 for steel timber or steel rubber 对钢木材或钢橡胶 = 0.1 for steel steel dry 对干燥状态下的钢钢 = 0.0 for steel steel wet 对浸水状态下的钢钢。 m is mass of cargo unit （t）; 货物件质量 g is gravity accel