6-五大基本句型.pptx

1、五大基本句型,What makes a sentence?,Sentence elements,谓语(v),定语(Attr),主语(s),宾语(IO,DO),状语(Ad),宾补(OC),主语,谓语,Vt,link-V,Vi,宾语,表语,Revision,表语(P),1)主语（subject）,I like football.,The boy needs a pen.,句子的主体，全句述说的对象，位于句首。一般由 充当。,2)谓语（predicate）,说明主语的动作或状态。由 充当。常置于主语后。,The train leaves at 6 oclock.,I want a ticket.,名

2、词,动词不定式、代词、名词短语等,动词,3)宾语（object）,4)表语（predicative）,He won the game.On the desk,句子中动作的承受者。由n.adj.或相当于n.的词组充当。,Tome lost his life in the big fire.,He is a student.,用以表述主语的性质、特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.充当。置于系动词之后。,5)宾补（objective complement）,补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等充当。,They made him laugh.,I see you p

3、lay basketball almost every day.,6)定语（attributive）对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。,The black bike is mine.,(),7)状语（adverbial）,用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。,I a

4、m very sorry.We often help him.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语),Point 1 简单句的五种基本类型（five basic sentence patterns),He runs.2.People make history.3.Knowledge is power.4.He gave me a book.5.We call her Lily.,主+谓(+V),主+谓+宾(S+V+O),主+谓+间宾+直宾(S+V+IO+DO),主+系+表(S+link-V+P),主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V+O+OC

5、),基本句型 一:(主谓),主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当,Pride goes before a fall.,Who is speaking,please?,Skating is good exercise.,To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.,Two-thirds of the workers are women.,Whether well go depends on the weather,动词前！,谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征只有动词才可以充当谓语。,Some childre

6、n asked for cold drinks.I shall go to see him tomorrow.I must ask her to teach me to swim,I made your birthday cake last night.,What does this word mean?I wont do it again.,(不及物动词),1.The sunrose.2.Who cares?3.What he said does not matter.4.They talked for half an hour.5.The pen writes smoothly,共同特点:

7、谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型 二+（主谓宾）共同特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,宾语 句子中动作的承受者，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等,Show your passport,please.He didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked

8、 to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?,动词后！,基本句型 三+link-+（主系表）共同特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,pr

9、ove,等等,表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态,Africa is a big continent.That remains a puzzle to me.Whats your fax number?I feel much better today.Her job is selling computers.Our next step was to get raw materials ready.The patient is out of danger.This is what he said.,连系动词后！,Please give me the boo

10、k.=Please give the book to me.,give+=give+to+,direct object 直接宾语,indirect object 间接宾语,bring,give,lend,offer,pass,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy,call,cook,choose,find,sing等。,常跟双宾语的动词：,主谓间宾直宾,基本句型 四+IO+DO（主谓间宾直宾）共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的

11、间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。,make/laugh,make/headmaster,The man makes the girl laugh.,They made the man headmaster.,make/smaller help/find information,The Internet makes the world smaller.It also helps us to find information much faster.,主谓宾宾补,基本句型 五+OC（主谓宾宾补）,共同特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一

12、个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。,宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的,I consider him a gentleman.Wash your hands clean.I found him out.They left me wait.I heard my name called.I thought him to be a good man.Make yourself at home.His wife has made him what he is.,简单句的六种基本结构：,

13、1.The sun rises.2.I dont like basketball.3.Danny is tired.4.She tells me jokes.5.I helped her brush her teeth.,主语+谓语（不及物动词）,主语+谓语+宾语,主语+系动词+表语,主语+谓语+间接宾语(人）+直接宾语（物）,主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,6.There is a river near my home.,There be+S,(一)挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework

14、.People all over the world speak English.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,(二)挑出下列句中的表语-The old man was feeling very tired.-The leaves have turned yellow.-Soon They all bec

15、ame interested in the subject.,(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.,1.They work hard.主+谓2.The flower is dead.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+

16、宾4.He gives me some seeds.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主+谓,练习:判断下面的句子是哪种句型Your sister dances beautifully.主+谓This food looks inviting.主+系+表3.They kept their marriage a secret.主+谓+宾+宾补,5.The palaces were large and beautiful.主+系+表6.Horse-riding,

17、hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events.主+系+表,8.I will pick up rubbish from the ground.主+谓+宾9.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse.主+谓+宾10.I will tell my friends to protect the environment.主+谓+宾+宾补,He feels disappointed.I love operas.She always tells me jokes.The children

18、cried and shouted every day.The smiling faces of his children made him happy again.She is quiet and shy.My father bought me a useful dictionary.Mrs.Von Trapp died.She taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short and funny plays to cheer them up.You may become unhappy sometimes.,Find ou

19、t the structures of the following sentences.,S+V,S+V+O,S+V+P,S+V+O+OC,S+V+P,S+V+IO+DO,S+V,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+P,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah,returns with her family following

20、 the ceasefire,at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14,2006.,S+V,A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S.team on its way to the world championships.S+V+O,According to the current information held by the Chinese authorities,a ver

21、dict arrived at by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)and the bird flu research and test centre of Thailand was arbitrary and based on the fact that the virus found in Thailand and Laos was similar to recent finds in southern China,the ministrys statement said.s+link-v+p,First

22、put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at

23、the Ecolab polytechnique.,这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。,简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。,S+v+o,实际应用 I,He sent me an e-mail,_ to get further information.A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope,实际应用I,_ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.A.S

24、leep B.Sleeping C.To sleep D.Having slept,实际应用I,_ at the door before entering,please.A.Knocked B.To knock C.Knocking D.Knock,实际应用I,_ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give,实际应用I,The manager,_ his factorys products were poor in quality,decided to give his work

25、ers further training.A.knowing B.known C.to know D.being known,实际应用I,7.It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _ the reader.A.interested;interest B.interesting;be interested C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest,实际应用I,Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl an

26、d took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing,实际应用I,The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smell D.to be smelt,实际应用I,English has a large vocabulary,hasnt

27、 it?-Yes,_ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate.A.Know B.Knowing C.To know D.Known,实际应用I,Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed,The study

28、 made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.,Long sentences,The three largest islands,Jersey,Guernsey,and Alderney,have long been known for the fine breeds(品种)of cattle that are rais

29、ed on them and named after them.,The famous director of a big and expensivemovie planned to film a beautiful sunset over the ocean,so that the audiences could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other for ever.,According to the information Mrs.Schleifer had gathered,Panula gave up her seat on a lifeboat to search for her five childrenincluding a 13-month-old boy named Einofrom whom she had become separated during the final minutes of the crossing.,THANK YOU!,