大学一年级英语语音练习手册 教案文档格式.docx

1、15/aFine4/Back8/Good16/aNow9/u:Soon17/Boy10/Cut18/Here11/:First19/e/Pair12/AgainDoctor20/u/Poor2. English Consonants 英语辅音Consonants英语辅音/p/Pen/s/Say21/ts/Cats/b/as/z/asZero22/dz/asBeds/t/Time/Show23/m/asMouth/d/Do/Pleasure24/n/asName/k/Come/r/asRun25/asSong/asGet/h/asHe26/l/asLike/Tell/f/FatChair27/w

2、/We/v/Voice/Job28/j/Yes/Thinktr/Try/That/dr/asDryThe difference between vowels and consonants mainly lies in the fact that there is no block in the mouth cavity when pronouncing vowels, but there is some block when pronouncing consonants. Chapter 2 SimpleClassificationofVowels andConsonants英语元音和辅音的简

3、单分类发音要领：元音，与辅音相对。在发音过程中，气流通过口腔，而不受任何阻碍。1.Vowels 英语元音的分类There are two major kinds in vowels.Monophthongs 单元音Diphthongs 双元音Monophthongs are classified into three kinds according to the position of the tongue. Vowels are classified into three kinds according to the position of the tongue.In producing a

4、 front vowel, the bulk of the tongue is moved to the front part of the mouth and, in the same way, the bulk of the tongue is moved to the back or the center of the tongue while forming the position of a back or central vowel.（1）FrontVowels: 前元音 /i:/ / /e/ /（2）Back后元音 /:/ / /:/ / /u:（3）Central中元音 / /

5、:/ /Diphthongs are formed by two monophthongs. Diphthongs are classified into two kinds. （1）RisingDiphthongs: 上升双元音/e / / /a / /a / /（2）Centering 集中双元音 / /e/ /u/3. Consonants 英语辅音的分类 发辅音时，气流从肺里出来，声带不一定振动，但气流通过口腔时受到一定的阻碍。There are the following six kinds in classifying English consonants.1） Plosiveco

6、nsonants: 爆破辅音/p/ /b/ /t/ /k/ /2） Fricative摩擦辅音/f/ /v/ / / /s/ /z/ / / /r/ /h/3） Affricate 塞擦辅音/ / / tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/4） Nasal 鼻音/m/ /n/ /5） Lateral 边音 /l/ （）6） Semi-vowels: 半元音/w/ /j/Chapter 3 Exercises for the Vowels英语元音练习1. Exercises for the 4 Front Vowels 4个前元音的练习/ 发音时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量向上腭抬起。嘴唇向两旁伸开，

7、成扁平形。注意一定要把音发足。/发音时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧；口型扁平。发音时，要短促而轻快。/e/发音时，舌尖抵下齿，前舌部向硬腭抬起，口形扁平，气流从口腔泄出，声带振动。发音时间短促。发音时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬，双唇开口度较大，并向两边平展，发音短促。2. Exercises for the 5 Back Vowels 5个后元音的练习发音时，口张大，舌身平放后缩，舌尖离开下齿，舌后部略抬起，发音延续较长。/发音时，舌身尽量降低并后缩，舌后部抬起，口形稍收圆，开口比长元音/:/稍大，但不向前突出。发音短促。发音时，舌身尽量降低并后缩，舌后部抬得比/略高，双唇也收得更

8、圆更小，并向前突出。/发音时，舌后部向软腭抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。双唇收圆，稍向前突出。发音时，舌后部尽量抬起，舌位比/高。双唇收圆并突出。口形比/稍小。发音时要保持嘴型不变。3. Exercises for the 3 Central Vowels 3个中元音的练习/ 发音时，舌身后缩至口腔中部，舌后部稍抬起，双唇较扁，开口较大。发音时，舌位抬高，舌身后缩并放平，口形微张，双唇扁平，双唇肌肉较紧张。发音延续较长。/发音时，舌身放平，舌中部抬起，口形微开，双唇扁平，双唇肌肉放松。在词首或词中发得较模糊，在词尾时应该适当延长。4. Exercises for the 5 Rising Di

9、phthongs 5个上升双元音的练习双元音由两个单 元音组成，发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动，口型有变化。前一个元音发音清晰响亮，且时间长；后一个元音发音模糊软弱，且时间短。特别要注意的三点是：（1）不要将前后两个音断开，应连贯成为一个整体：（2）不要因为后一个元音发音短小而将其忽略；（3）发音时滑动过程要完整，时间要充分。/e /发音时， 由/e/向/自然滑动，滑动过程中口形从半开到半合，舌位随之抬高。/ 发音时，由/向/自然滑动，滑动过程中，口形逐渐由半开到小而圆，舌位由半低到高。/a/ 发音时，由/:/向/滑动，滑动过程中口形从开到合。发此音时注意把音发足。/a/向/自然滑动，滑动过

10、程中双唇收圆，口形由大到小，舌位由低到高。/ 发音时，由/:/向/自然滑动，但不到/舌位就停止了。滑动的过程中双唇逐渐由圆变扁，口形由大到小。5. Exercises for the 3 Centering Diphthongs 3个集中双元音的练习/ 发音时，由/向/自然滑动，滑动过程中/发音较清楚，/发音较弱，双唇始终半开。/e/发音时，由/e/向/自然滑动，滑动过程中，开口程度稍稍收小。/u/发音时，由/向/自然滑动，滑动过程中口形由收圆变为半开。Chapter 4 Exercises for the English Consonants英语辅音练习元音发音时，气流不受阻碍。辅音发音时，

11、气流受到阻碍。气流要冲破阻碍爆破或摩擦成音。发音时，有些声带振动，有些声带不振动，声带振动的称为浊辅音；声带不振动的称为清辅音。1. The Stop Consonants 爆破辅音/p, b/发音时，双唇闭紧，气流突然冲开双唇，冲出口腔。/p/是清辅音，声带不振动。/b/是浊辅音，声带振动。/t, d/发音时，舌尖抵上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔。/t/是清辅音，声带不振动，/d/是浊辅音，声带振动。/k, /发音时，舌后部抬起，紧贴软腭，形成阻碍。气流冲开阻碍后冲出口腔。/k/是清辅音，声带不振动，/是浊辅音，声带振动。2. The Friction Consonants摩擦

12、辅音/f, v/发音时，下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙通过，摩擦成音。/f/是清辅音，声带不振动，/v/是浊辅音，声带振动。/, 发音时，舌尖轻触上齿背部，气流从舌齿间的缝隙送出。/是清辅音，声带不振动。/是浊辅音，声带振动。/s, z/发音时，舌端靠近上齿龈，气流从舌端和齿龈间通过，形成摩擦音。/s/是清辅音，声带不振动，/z/是浊辅音，声带振动。/, /发音时，舌身抬起靠近硬腭，舌端抬向上齿龈，形成狭长通道，气流由此通过，双唇稍微收圆并略突出。/是清辅音，声带不振动;/是浊辅音，声带振动。/h/发音时，口张开，气流在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦，气流经过口腔时不受阻碍。/h/是清辅音，声带不振

13、动。/r/发音时，舌尖卷起，抬向上齿龈后部，但不接触，舌两侧稍收拢，口形略突出，气流通过时发出轻微摩擦，/r/是浊辅音，声带振动。3.TheAffricateConsonants破擦辅音/, /发音时，舌尖舌端抬高，贴住上齿龈后部形成阻碍，气流冲出阻碍摩擦成音。口形稍突出，略成方形。/是清辅音，声带不振动，/是浊辅音，声带振动。/tr,dr/发音时，舌身与/r/相似，舌尖向上卷起，并抵住上齿龈后部，气流冲出舌尖和齿龈之间的阻碍，摩擦成音，双唇收圆，稍向前突出。/tr/是清辅音，声带不振动，/dr/是浊辅音，声带振动。/ts,dz/发音时，舌端贴住上齿龈，形成阻碍，气流冲破阻碍，口形扁平。/ts

14、/是清辅音，声带不振动，/dz/是浊辅音，声带振动。4. The Nasal Consonants鼻辅音This time we are going to learn nasal consonants. Lets go./m/发音时，双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔送出。在词末时，须略延长，以防止吞音。/n/发音时，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，软腭下垂，形成阻碍，气流由鼻腔送出。/发音时，软腭下垂，舌后部向软腭抬起，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出。词末时，发音清晰有力，略微延长。5. The Lateral Consonants 舌边音舌边音有两种发音方式。元音前读清晰音/1/，舌端抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或

15、两侧泄出；辅音前或词末，发含糊音/，舌端也抵上齿龈，但是与清晰音相比，舌前部低，舌后部高，发音略长。6. The Semi Vowels（Glides） 半元音（滑音）This time we are going to learn semi vowels. Semi vowels are between vowels and consonants.半元音介于元音和辅音之间。Semi vowels are also called glides.半元音是一种滑音。When we pronounce semi vowels, the air and friction in the month are

16、 rather weak, which is like vowels.半元音发音时，口中气流较弱、摩擦较小，类似元音。But they are consonants. They are not the core units in one syllable. 但功能上是辅音。半元音不是形成音节的核心单位。/w/发音时，舌后部向软腭抬起，舌位高，口形收圆并稍向前突出，发音短促，一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。/j/舌前部尽量向硬腭抬起，双唇平展，口微开，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦，该半元音一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。Chapter 5 Exercises for Conso

17、nant Clusters辅音连缀的练习在英语中，在同一意群内（通常为一个单词内），如果有两个或两个以上的辅音音素结合在一起，这种语音现象称为辅音连缀，consonant clusters。辅音连缀通常发生在词首和词尾。元音之前连缀的辅音数量为2-3个在元音之后，连缀的辅音一般不超过4个。读辅音连缀时，前面的辅音必须读得轻一些，短促些，各个辅音之间不能夹杂任何元音，音与音之间要衔接紧密，过度自然。1. Initial 词首的辅音连缀1）/sp/ 发音时，将清辅音/p/浊化为相应的浊辅音/b/。/st/发音时，将清辅音/t/浊化为相应的浊辅音/d/。/sk/发音时，将清辅音/k/浊化为相应的浊辅

18、音/。2. Final 词尾的辅音连缀1）Voiceless consonants+/s/ 清辅音+/s/2） Voiced consonants+/z/ 浊辅音+/z/3）Voiceless consonants+/t/ 清辅音+/t/4）Voiced consonants+/d/ 浊辅音+/d/5）Voiceless consonants+/ts/ 清辅音+/ts/ 6）Voiced consonants+/dz/ 浊辅音+/dz/Chapter 6 Incomplete Plosion, Nasal and Lateral Plosion不完全爆破是连贯语流中自然产生的语音现象。出现在一

19、口气读完的一个语音单位内。比如：在一个单词内部，或在一个意义上和语法上紧密联系的词组内部。（1）当爆破音后面紧跟着爆破音时，前一个爆破音只按其发音部位做好发音口形、形成阻碍，却不爆破出来，稍微停顿后即发出后面的辅音，这种现象称为失去爆破。（2）当爆破音后面紧跟着摩擦音或破擦音时，只有轻微爆破，也称为不完全爆破。（3）当爆破音后面紧跟鼻音或舌边音时，也会形成不完全爆破。1. Incomplete Plosion不完全爆破1） Plosives + plosives 爆破音+爆破音2）Plosives+ Fricatives 爆破音摩擦音3）Plosive + Affricate 爆破音 + 破擦

20、音2. Nasal Plosion 鼻音前的不完全爆破/t, d + m, n/3. Lateral Plosion 舌边音前的不完全爆破/t, d + l/Chapter 7 Exercise for Important Weak Forms重要弱读的练习在英语中，主要弱读如下词性的词：限定词、介词、连词、助动词、代词等。在英语中，可以用改变元音的方式来弱读一个词的音，还可以用省略音节的方式来弱读。CasesNormal formWeak formExamplesa, an/e/, /n/, n/a liona tablean ugly manamm/m, m/Im all right.Im

21、 not ready yet.Ive seen him and am glad to say hes well.andnd/nd, n/two and sixfire and the swordTom and AnnieareThe boys are here.Our friends are out.Are you there?asz/z/as good as goldas far as I knowIt looks as if youre right.att/t/Im looking at the clock.Toms still at school.Hell be back at six.

22、be/bi:/b/Dont be late. Do be quiet.Ill be ready soon.been/bn/Youve been a long time.All the works been done.Ive been cheated. but/bt/bt/Its old but useful.Weve nothing but water.Its raining but Ill go out.can/kn /kn/What can I do to help you?I can see it quite well.I cant smell gas.could/kd /kd/I co

23、uld leave early.What could I do?The dress could be altered.do/du/d, d/What do you want?Where do you buy them?Where do you get them?does/dz /ds/What does he do for a living?Where does this road lead to?Where does your brother live?for/f:/f/Is this for me?This watch will last for ever!Theres a parcel

24、here for you.from/frm/frm/I cant tell one from the other.Ive just heard from Mary.Hes a visitor from Italy.had, has, have/hd, hz, hv/hd, d, hz, z, hv, v/Has the post come?Had I known, Id have told you about it.When Tom had finished, he left.he/hi:/h, /He told me a story.What was it he said?Hes a good boy.her/h:/h, /I gave her the book.Shes got her ticket.Her answer surprised her father.him/hm/m/I gave him a book.Give him my best wishes.Tel