外研版八年级下册笔记知识点汇总.docx

1、外研版八年级下册笔记知识点汇总八年级下册 Module 1.Useful expressions:Have a try sweet tooth be proud of sb cant wait at school hear frommake an apple pie strawberry jam thanks for do something wrong get bad marks dance music at first feel nervous in the right way hug each other given name make a cake for sb wear glasse

2、s be excited about be good at shake hands with someone else help sb with sth in the middle a few a bit.Grammars1.what引导的感叹句的结构为：（八上11模）What+a/an +形容词+可数名词的单数！What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式！What a clever boy!多么聪明的男孩！What beautiful flowers!多么好看的花呀！2 cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 Tom couldnt wait to open his

3、bag . cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 he cant help laughing .3.thanks for sth/doing sth = thank you for sth/doing sth因为感谢Thank s for helping me 4.hear from= get a letter from= receive a letter from收到的信Have you heard from Tom recently ?5.quite good / well= very good / well 很好，相当好quite a cold day = a very

4、 cold day6.a few + 可数名词复数，表肯定，“有几个”few +可数名词复数，表否定“没有几个” a little +不可数名词，表肯定，“有一点” little +不可数名词，表否定，“几乎没有”7. be excited about sth. / doing sth. 对兴奋Im excited about hearing from you 8. be good at sth/doing sth = do well in sth/doing sth 擅长He is good at playing basketball . be good to sb. be good for

5、 8.pride(n.名) :be the pride of sb. 是说话人(即主语)以某人为骄傲he is the pride of our school.他是我们学校的骄傲.proud(adj.形):be proud of =takepridein某人是说话人(即主语)的骄傲they are very proud of their son.儿子是他们的骄傲 9. try 1) try to do sth 尽量做某事，尽力做某事 she tries to work it out .2) try doing sth 尝试做某事 he tries writing a letter in Eng

6、lish .3)try ones best to do sth 尽某人最大的力量做某事 The doctor tried his best to save the man .4) try on 试穿 Can I try on the new shirt ?5) have a try 试试 Let me have a try .try out 试验 try your luck at sth 碰碰运气10.afraid 害怕，不敢（1） be afraid of sb/sth 害怕某人某物 Im afraid of dogs （2） afraid +从句 Im afraid I may be a

7、little late .（3） be afraid of doing sth 担心害怕做某事 Shes afraid of going out at night .（4） be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事 。Mr Black was afraid to climb the tree ,for he was afraid of falling down from it .（5） Im afraid not 恐怕不是这样。11.a bit a little 两者都可以作名词用，这时两者意义和用法相同。两者都可以副词用，用来修饰形容词（原级或比较级）或动词。a little ea

8、rly(earlier) a bit early(earlier)用作形容词作定语时，a little 直接修饰不可数名词，而a bit 后面需加of a bit of water a little water如果两者的前面加上not ，则其意义完全不同，not a bit =not at all 通常用作状语，not a little=very可用作状语或定语Our English teacher often says that she is not a bit tired but in fact she is not a little tired .12.dress ,put on ,we

9、ar , be in dress 指穿衣的动作，后面可接宾语，也可不接宾语，如果接宾语，则宾语必须是人，不是衣服。put on 指穿衣的动作，宾语必须是服装。Wear 指穿衣的状态，也指戴着（手套、手表、眼镜、戒指、首饰等）或是指穿着（鞋、袜等），后面要接宾语，宾语通常是物。be in 穿着，指状态，宾语既可以是衣服、帽子，又可以是颜色。13. what does sb /sth look like ? 某人/某物是什么样子 Whats sb /sth like ? 某人某物的性格和特征What does Mary look like ? she is tall and thin Whats

10、Tom like ? Hes very shy .14. 感官动词我们学过了五个与人的感觉有关的动词，它们是look，sound，smell，taste，feel，我们可称之为“感官”动词。它们的用法有着许多相同点，但也有不同之处，现就此作一小结。一、这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来”。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。例如：These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。二、这些动词后面也可

11、接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。例如：Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。三、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词，除look（当“看起来”讲时）只能作不及物动词外，其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，其主语通常是人。例如：She smelt the meat. 她闻了闻那块肉。I felt in my pocket for cigarettes. 我用手在口袋里摸香烟。四、taste，smell作不及物动词时，可用于“taste / smell + of + 名词”结构，意为“有味道 / 气味”。例如：The air in the room sme

12、lls of earth. 房间里的空气有股泥土味。五、它们（sound除外）可以直接作名词，与have或take构成短语。例如：May I have a taste of the mooncakes？ 我可以尝一口这月饼吗？六、其中look，sound，feel还能构成“look / sound / feel + as if +从句”结构，意为“看起来/听起来/ 感觉好像”。例如：It looks as if our class is going to win. 看来好像我们班要获胜了15. 本模块话题是感觉和印象语法是感官动词。Module 2.Useful expressions:Ent

13、er a competition go on a dream holiday Thats a pity think about so farthe first price a speaking competition improve your speaking make up afford to do sth travel around the world be different from n many ways look forward to doing count down a fifteen-year- old boy whats more have a Western meal th

14、e Palace Museum put in the earth invite sb to do sth write about mix with .Grammars1. afford意为“买得起，经济上担负得起”，直接跟名词或动词不定式作宾语，常和情态动词can 或 be able to 连用。He can afford the apartment. We cant afford to buy such an expensive car.2. make up表示“创造，编造”。 He made up an interesting story and told it to his friend

15、s.make up还有“组成，构成”的意思 The three paragraphs make up a passage3. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to a place 邀请某人去某地He invited his friends to his new house yesterday.4. send sb. to do sth. 表示“派遣某人去做某事”。 China send many people to work in Africa every year. send sb. sth. 或send sth. to sb.，意思是“送给

16、某人某物”。 Jim sent me a book on my twelfth birthday.5. have been to +地点，表示“已经去过某地” 现在已经回来 。 have gone to +地点，表示“已经去了某地”现在还没有回来，此时可能在途中或 已经到了目的地。have been in 去或来到 (一直呆在那儿) +一段时间Laura has never been to China before.Hello. Can I speak to John, please? Sorry, hes not in. He has gone to the park.6. be diffe

17、rent from, 表示“与不同”。 Life in future will be different from life today. 7. enter v. 指参加活动，比赛等，可以与take part in 换用。 enter the competition8. Germany n. 德国German n. 德国人，德语adj. 德国的， 德语的Germans pl. (复数） France n. 法国French n. 法语Frenchman , Frenchwoman Frenchmen, 9 write sb. a letter write a letter to sb. wri

18、te to sb. write about write down10. stop to do sth. Stop doing sth. Stop sb. (from) doing sth.11. so far “到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志。Mike has read five famous books so far.12.miss v. “思念”。 Dave misses his grandparents very much. miss v. “错过；没做到”，其后接动词时，应用动词-ing形式。Mona was sad because she missed her train.13.c

19、ount down, 表示“倒数，倒计时”。They are counting down, “ten, nine,eight, seven”.count表示“计数，计算”。 Can you count from one to ten in French? He put all the money in his bag without counting it.14.experience (1)作不可数名词时，意思是“经验，体验”。后面可以加in/of 表示具有某方面的经验.如：She had no experience of life at all. 她毫无生活经验。Have you had a

20、ny experience of teaching English? 你有教英语的经验吗?(2)作可数名词时，意思是“经历，阅历”。 如：Please tell us about your experiences in Africa. 请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。I had a rather exciting experience the other day. 前些天我有过一个相当令人兴奋的经历。(3)作及物动词，意思是“经历；体验”。如：The city experienced over 2,000 such incidents last year. 去年这座城市发生过二千次以上这类事件。E

21、xperience构成的短语 sum up experience总结经验learn by /from / through experience从经验中学到 have an experienced eye 目光锐利15. win beat Win 用法比较广泛，指在比赛、赛跑、战斗中获胜、赢。也可指指在比赛、赛跑中获得奖品，其宾语一般是比赛或奖品、奖金。Beat 表示赢，打败。指在比赛或竞争中战胜某人，宾语一般是竞争对手。Win+sh(a game /a war/a prize) We won more than 60 gold medals .Beat+sb(a team/a nation/a

22、n opponent(对手) She beat me at chess.16.dream. dream n. 梦 I have a dream 我有一个梦想。dream v. 做梦 He dreamt a sweet dream last night. 昨晚他做了好梦dream of / about + n./ doing. 梦想着做.He often dreams of becoming a scientist. 他经常梦想着成为科学家。dream + 从句: He oftens dreams that he will be a scientist in the future for 和si

23、nce的区别17. for + 一段时间 since +时间点 +时间段+ago +一般过去时态的句子17.本模块话题谈论经历语法现在完成时态Module 3.Useful expressions:Make a model spaceship the latest news on Mars far away in order to One day space travel go online search for go around solar system The Milky Way no problem send back messages communicate with On the

24、news on any other planets a small part in the universe in space Outside the solar the space station name after be up to more than Finish doing sth .Grammars1. be up to用于表示 “忙于，正在做”。例如：What is he up to with all those books on the floor?当我们说be up to sb.时，表示“由决定”。例如：Do you want to stay or go? Its up to

25、 you.2. that is why表示“这就是的原因”。Everyone in Dublin is friendly, and that is why I love the city.3. invent, find与discover的区别： invent意为“发明”，指经过认识和实践创造出前所未有的事物； find意为“发现，找到”，指对某种事物的寻求，也指找到（丢失的事物）； discover表示“偶然或经过努力发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误” 。Edison invented the electric light bulb.爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 Columbus discovered

26、America but he did not explore the new continent哥伦布发现了美洲，可是他没有去探索这个新大陆。 Im looking for my pen but I cant find it. 我正在找我的钢笔，但找不到。 4.none of做主语时,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数. 与不可数名词连用时只能用单数. None of us have/ has been to Hongkong. None of the money is mine. 这些钱都不是我的no one与none的区别：(1) no one同义词为 nobody, 只用于指人，其后不跟of

27、短语，作主语时谓语用单数，no one 只能回答以who开头的问句；(2) none用于表示对三者或三者以上全部否定，既可指人，也可指物。作主语时，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复数; none的反义词是all, none可与of连用; 可以用来回答How many 或 How much开头的问句。None of us are/is interested in the story.我们没有人对那个故事感兴趣。Who are you speaking to?你在跟谁讲话？No one. 没人。How many students are there in the room?房间里有多少个学生?None.

28、一个也没有。5 alone与lonely的区别：(1) alone既可作形容词，又可作副词,意为“单独的/地，独自的/地”，没有感情色彩。(2) lonely只作为形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”，具有感情色彩。He lived alone after his wife left，so he was very lonely .他妻子离开后，他一个人生活，所以他很孤独。6 the other (s)与other (s)的区别：(1) the other与other后可加名词; the others与others后不加名词；(2) the other (s)表示一定范围内除去一部分以外后其余 的全体

29、；other (s)表示除去一部分以后的（一些）， 但不是剩下 的全体。7 . so as to, in order to ,in order that, so that,用法与区别(1)in order to+do sth =so as to+do sth 其否定形式为in order(not) to + do sth = so as (not) to do sth, 都可以放在句中。in order to 可以放在句首，而so as to 则不可She got up early in order to / so as to catch the first bus. 她早早起了床以便赶上头班

30、车 。 The doctors gave her a general checkup so as to/ in order to find out the cause of her illness.医生给她做了全身检查， 以便找出她的病因。 In order to win the watch , they practiced hard. 为了赢得比赛，他们刻苦训练。(2).so that 和 in order that 意思相同 “目的是 以便”引导目的状语从句 You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by a

31、ll. 你必须大点 声，别人就能听见了。8 . yet already Already 多用于肯定句中，用在Have/has 后，分词前， 有时也用在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶的语气。Yet 常用于疑问句和否定句句尾。 Jim has already done his homework. I havent finished reading the book yet . 9. just just now Just 刚刚 常用语现在完成时态肯定句中。放在助动词之后，实义动词之前Just now 刚才 相当于 a moment ago 常与一般过去时态连用，一般用于句尾。The train has just left . I saw him just now .10. on earth on the earth On earth 世界上，到底究竟 on the earth 在地球上11. late, later, latest, lately。1)late adj. & adv. 迟，迟的，晚的，