新目标英语八年级 备战四科联赛知识点以及练习Word下载.docx

1、take up take down 拆卸，拿下 take on呈现 take off起飞put up put down镇压，记下 put on 穿上 put offget up get down下来，使沮丧 get on上车 get off get away get outlook up look down look after look outgive up give off 发出光热等 give away 赠送 give out 分发，发表3.Could you?/Could you please? 麻烦你好吗？提出礼貌的要求Li Lei, could you please help me

2、?Could you come here soon?Could you please close the door?对于这种请求的肯定回答和否定回答的常用语肯定回答常用语：Certainly./ Of course./With pleasure./No problem.否定回答常用语：Certainly not. /No, Im afraid I cant.表示请求许可Could I ? 我可以吗？Could I come in? 我可以进来吗？对方回答时不能用could，要用can.4. as soon asas soon as表示一就，其中的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来时。这个短语用的比较

3、常用，口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。例如： Ill write you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就给你来信。（一般现在时） As soon as I went in, Jason cried out with pleasure. 我一进门，Jason 就高兴的叫起来。（一般过去时）5. Neither adv. 也不 Neither+情态动词/助动词/be动词+主语，是常见的倒装句性，表示后者也不。 Neither of us are tired.Me neither 我也没有。在英语中，表示“也”的知识归纳如下

4、：主语 + neither 否定句中的“也” neither +助动词/be + 主语 完整的否定句后加either，但要加逗号隔开。E.g.:-He didnt go to school. 他没有去上学。-Me neither. / Neither did I. / I didnt go to school, either. 我也没有去。 主语 + too 肯定句中的“也” so +助动词/be+ 主语 完整的肯定句后加too，且要用逗号隔开。6. when&whilewhen是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间；while是during th

5、e time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导动词的现在分词的变化规则（现在进行时）4一般的动词，直接在动词后加ing work - working sleep - sleeping study - st

6、udying 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，要先去e加ing take - taking make - making dance - dancing 但是see-seeing重读闭音节的动词，要双写最后一个字母，再加ing swim-swimming get-getting （up） sit-sitting put （on）- putting begin - beginning run-running forget -forgetting shop-shopping stop-stopping cut - cutting 以ie结尾的动词，把ie变为y再加ing lie - lying 平躺/说谎

7、 tie - tying系，捆（鞋带，领带） die - dying死7. remind 1）remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 Please remind me to send this letter.2）remind sb. of sth. 某物使某人想起过去的某事 This photo reminds me of the warm past.3）remind sb. that 提醒某人Please remind me that I should send this letter.8. 比较级修饰问题 a little, a bit, even, still, mu

8、ch, a lot, far 等可修饰比较级。e.g. Tom is a little taller than Jim. This book is much more interesting than that one. 同级比较e.g. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Xian. Our school is bigger than yours. the + 比较级e.g. Lucy is the fatter of the two girls. “a/an + 比较级”表示“又一，再一”e.g. Lily has a doll, b

9、ut she wantsa bigger one. 隐性比较（没有than的情况）e.g. Who runs faster, Lucy or Lily? Youd better come earlier next time. He worked hard last term, but he works even harder this term. 越来越. 比较级 + and + 比较级b. the + 比较级 + 句子，the + 比较级 + 句子e.g. Its getting colder and colder. The more you exercise, the better you

10、 are. 最高级考点 4说明：形容词的最高级前必须加the; 副词的最高级前省略the。 范围问题e.g. Tom is the tallest student in the class. Spring is the best season of the year. “.之一”问题e.g. Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world. “the + 序数词 + 最高级”e.g. I think he is the second tallest boy in his class.9. 时间状语already, yet, just, eve

11、r, never, before以前从来不出现，最近曾经一两遍，自从刚刚for一段，近来已经很明显现在完成时态的标志，“以前”是before, “从来不”是never,”“最近”是recently，“曾经”是ever，“一两遍”分别是once 和twice，自从是since，近来是“these days”，“已经”是already或yet.在现在完成时中，since有三种情况： since+（过去的）月份，年份since+一段时间+agosince+一般过去时从句。规则变化： 41. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick picked picked; wish wished wished;

12、stay stayed stayed2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。study studied studied; hurry hurried hurried; reply replied replied4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。stop stopped stopped; clap clapped clappedsince与for的区别since与for是现在完成时最常用的两

13、个副词，也是很容易出错的地方。下面我们来对比说明since和for的不同含义。1）since用来说明动作的起始时间，表示从那一时刻到说话是为止，for用来说明动作的延续时间长度。也就是说，since是从某时间点开始算，而for是指多长时间。I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿20多年了。I live lived here since I was born. 我从出生起住在这儿。2）since在句中既可以做连词引导从句，也可以作介词构成短语，本身还可以作副词直接修饰谓语动词。a. since+过去时间点I have been he

14、re since 1999.我自1999年以来一直在这儿。b. since+一段时间+ago 自时间前开始至今I have been here since five months ago.自从5个月前我一直都待在这里。c. since+从句Great changes have taken place here since you left.自从你离开以来，这里发生了巨大的变化。d. It is+一段时间+since从句It is two years since I joined the army.我参军有两年了。现在完成在瞬间，非延只连时间点，终止需转换，否定方可碰一段。瞬间动词又叫非延续动词

15、，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。瞬间动词有：come, go, get to/reach/arrive at/in, leave, see, hear.buy, sell, open, close, get up.join/take part in, begin/start, return, borrow, lend.become/turn, bring/take, give, die, finish, hear from.开始离去借来还，加入死去买到家。begin, leave

16、, go, borrow, come, return, join, die, buy, arrive.10. trytry to do sth设法做某事；try doing sth 尝试做某事 try ones best尽全力；have a try试一下。try on试穿；try out尝试，实验；11. It is + adj. + to do sth.， it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句尾。 常用于此句型的形容词有important， difficult， dangerous， necessary， useful， possible 用来对to do sth. 进行说明。此句型

17、可以转换成To do sth. is + adj.。12. 情态动词Should 情态动词 应该 无人称与数的变化肯：主语+should +动原+其他。否：主语+should +not+动原+其他。疑：should +主语+动原+其他？其他表示建议的句型：shall we/I+动原？Lets +动原？How about /what about+doing?Youd better （not）doWhy not+动词原形Why dont you+其他回答对方的建议时，一般用：Good idea./ Thats a good idea.OK./All right.Yes, please. /Id l

18、ove to.No problem.I agree with you.Sure./ Of course. /Certainly.Yes, I think so./ I will.表示拒绝时，一般用：I dont think so./ Sorry, I cant. /Sorry, butId love to/ like to, but/Im afraid13. 反身代词常用词组：teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 过得愉快help oneself to 随便吃come to oneself 苏醒hurt oneself 伤到某人自己by

19、oneself 独自look after oneself 照顾到自己dress oneself 给自己穿衣服14. 在英语中，表达“疼痛或不舒服”时的常用结构：（1）主语+have/has+a 病症 have a cold/fever =run a fever have a toothache have a headache have a cough have a temperature have a earache（2）主语+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 sore 是一个独立的形容词，指的是身体某一部位的酸痛。sore back, sore throat,sore back,so

20、re neck.（3）have/has a pain in/on the +身体部位 I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊疼。（4）（There is）something wrong with +ones+部位15. 有关trouble的固定搭配have trouble with sth. 在某方面有困难have trouble in doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难get into trouble 陷入困境get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境be in trouble 处于困境16. see sb. do sth. 看见某人干某事I see

21、Mary pick up the wallet.（钱包）强调动作已经完成,看到了全过程see/watch/notice/hearsee sb. doing sth.看见某人正在干某事I saw her dancing in the street.强调动作正在进行When I walked past the park,I saw some old people-Chinese Taiji.17. be used to doing=get/become used to doing 习惯于做某事 He has been used to getting up early.used to do 过去常常

22、 He used to go to work on foot.be used to do 被用于做 He used his knife to cut off his arm.18. find可构成复合宾语结构find sb./sth+介词短语或形容词，发现某人或某物find it+adj.+to do sth.find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事19. run out 用光，用尽 主语常为 时间食物金钱，无被动My money has run out.run out of 用尽 耗尽 主语为人I have run out of money.20. borrow 借，借用b

23、orrow vt. 借，借入，借用。borrowfrom 向借borrow 借入 borrow sth. from someplace borrow sth. form sb.lend 借出 lend sb. sth. lend sth. to sb. I lent it to Lucy yesterday.21. hang over 挂在上，笼罩hang作动词，意为“笼罩”，过去式和过去分词为hung.当hang意为施以绞刑，其过去式与过去分词都为hanged.Hang your coat up on the hook.把你的大衣挂在衣钩上。22. instead副词，可单独位于句首或句尾Y

24、ou are tired. Let me do it instead.instead of介词短语，代替，而不是。后面接名词，代词或动词-ingWill you go instead of me?23. communicate v. 交流，沟通communicate with与交流I often communicate with my friends by letter.我经常与朋友通信交流。communication n. 传递，表达，通信，交际，交流Doctors do not always have good communication skills.医生不一定都具备良好的交际能力。24

25、. enoughenough 为形容词，意为 足够的，充足的，充分的，修饰名词时即可以放在名词的前面，也可以放在名词的后面。I have enough money for the book.=I have money enough for the book.enough 还可用作副词，意为足够地，十分地，修饰形容词或副词时，放在形容词或副词之后。notenough to意为“不够做”可与sothat或tooto句式进行转换。The girl isnt old enough to to to school .=The girl is so young that she cant to to sc

26、hool.=The girl is too young to go to school.25. compare v.比较 其后可直接接宾语。Compare this with that ,and you will see which is pareto意为“把比较”把与相比。compare为及物动词，后面直接接宾语，to后接名词或代词为比较/比喻的对象，该短语常含有比喻意味。People always compare the youth to the rising sun.人们 总是把年轻人比作出生的太阳。People often compare life to a stage.人们常把生活比

27、作一个舞台。compare with 把和相比较26. beat获胜后面接比赛中的对手或敌人Our team beat their team by 5:4.win后面接比赛，奖品，名誉，财产等Mary won first place in the game.27. 条件状语从句 If 条件句有不同的类型，简述如下：（1）用if条件句表达客观真理或普通现象 If条件句用于表达客观真理或普通现象时，主从句时态均用一般现在时，If you freeze water, it turns into ice. （2）用if 条件句表示将来可能发生的事情 在表示将来可能发生的事情的if条件句中，主句用一般将来时，而if从句用一般现在时表示将来的时间，即主将从现 28. opinion 与advice opinion作可数名词“意见、看法”只对某一事物的看法、意见。advice 不可数名词“建议、劝告”指提出善意或者建设性的忠告或意见。a piece of advice 一个忠告 29. hear sb. do sth 听见某人做某事 e.g.: I often hear him sing in the room. hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事 I hear him