2007年考研英语试题及答案.docx

1、2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million of these nati

2、ons looked to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence the ideals of representative government, careers to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. ther

3、e was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a set of laws.On the issue of of religion and the position of the church, , there was less agreement the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion

4、and the only one by the Spanish crown. most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egali

5、tarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spains colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much because

6、 the new nations still needed the revenue such policies . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was self-rule and democracy.1.A nativesB inhabitantsC peoples（B）D individuals2.A confusedlyB cheerfullyC worriedly（D）D hopefully3.A sharedB forgotC attained（A

7、）D rejected4.A relatedB closeC open（C）D devoted5.A accessB successionC right（C）D return6.A PresumablyB IncidentallyC Obviously（D）D Generally7.A uniqueB commonC particular（B）D typical8.A freedomB originC impact（A）D reform9.A thereforeB howeverC indeed（B）D moreover10.A withB aboutC among（C）D by11.A al

8、lowedB preachedC granted（A）D funded12.A SinceB IfC Unless（D）D While13.A asB forC under（A）D against14.A spreadB interferenceC exclusion（C）D influence15.A supportB cryC plea（B）D wish16.A urgedB intendedC expected（D）D promised17.A controllingB formerC remaining（C）D original18.A slowerB fasterC easier（A

9、）D tougher19.A createdB producedC contributed（B）D preferred20.A puzzled byB hostile toC pessimistic about（D）D unprepared forSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET

10、 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then exami

11、ned the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born

12、babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he beli

13、eves strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then

14、repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that me

15、mory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each pers

16、on “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and

17、 concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lab

18、oratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born.21.The birthday phenomen

19、on found among soccer players is mentioned toA stress the importance of professional training.B spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.C introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.（C）D explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22.The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2)

20、 most probably meansA fun.B craze.C hysteria.（B）D excitement.23.According to Ericsson, good memoryA depends on meaningful processing of information.B results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.C is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.（A）D requires immediate feedback a

21、nd a high degree of concentration.24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe thatA talent is a dominating factor for professional success.B biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.C the role of talent tends to be overlooked.（D）D high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25.Wh

22、ich of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?A “Faith will move mountains.”B “One reaps what one sows.”C “Practice makes perfect.”（C）D “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “As

23、k Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and c

24、ut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? Its not obvious how the capacity to

25、 visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much ca

26、n we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and

27、 the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and childrens version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible, bec

28、ause scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main

29、aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but

30、fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-st

31、ress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26.Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?A Answering philosophical questions.B Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.C Telling the differences be