2007年考研英语试题及答案.docx

2007年考研英语试题及答案.docx

《2007年考研英语试题及答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2007年考研英语试题及答案.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionI UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20millionofthesenationslookedtothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependencetheidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careerstotalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,thetoprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbyasetoflaws.

Ontheissueofofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,,therewaslessagreementtheleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyonebytheSpanishcrown.mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicismtheofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendtheofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallyingfortheconservativeforces.

Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhadinreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’scolonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuchbecausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwasself-ruleanddemocracy.

1. [A]natives

[B]inhabitants

[C]peoples（B）

[D]individuals

2. [A]confusedly

[B]cheerfully

[C]worriedly（D）

[D]hopefully

3. [A]shared

[B]forgot

[C]attained（A）

[D]rejected

4. [A]related

[B]close

[C]open（C）

[D]devoted

5. [A]access

[B]succession

[C]right（C）

[D]return

6. [A]Presumably

[B]Incidentally

[C]Obviously（D）

[D]Generally

7. [A]unique

[B]common

[C]particular（B）

[D]typical

8. [A]freedom

[B]origin

[C]impact（A）

[D]reform

9. [A]therefore

[B]however

[C]indeed（B）

[D]moreover

10. [A]with

[B]about

[C]among（C）

[D]by

11. [A]allowed

[B]preached

[C]granted（A）

[D]funded

12. [A]Since

[B]If

[C]Unless（D）

[D]While

13. [A]as

[B]for

[C]under（A）

[D]against

14. [A]spread

[B]interference

[C]exclusion（C）

[D]influence

15. [A]support

[B]cry

[C]plea（B）

[D]wish

16. [A]urged

[B]intended

[C]expected（D）

[D]promised

17. [A]controlling

[B]former

[C]remaining（C）

[D]original

18. [A]slower

[B]faster

[C]easier（A）

[D]tougher

19. [A]created

[B]produced

[C]contributed（B）

[D]preferred

20. [A]puzzledby

[B]hostileto

[C]pessimisticabout（D）

[D]unpreparedfor

SectionII ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:

elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.

Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?

Hereareafewguesses:

a）certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b）winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c）soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d）noneoftheabove.

AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:

trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”

Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.

Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:

thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.

21. Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto

[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.

[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.

[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.（C）

[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.

22. Theword“mania”（Line4,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans

[A]fun.

[B]craze.

[C]hysteria.（B）

[D]excitement.

23. AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory

[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.

[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.

[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.（A）

[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.

24. Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat

[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.

[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.

[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.（D）

[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.

25. Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?

[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”

[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”

[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”（C）

[D]“Likefather,likeson.”

Text2

Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe（whoseIQis100）as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?

Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?

It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.

Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?

Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?

ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:

theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales（bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion）.Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest（SAT）andtheGraduateRecordExam（GRE）,capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.

Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?

”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.

26. Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?

[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.

[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.

[C]Tellingthedifferencesbe