国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案.docx

1、国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案Chapter 2 International Trade Terms12345678910I. Multiple choicesBCACCDABCDII. True or false statementsTTFFTFFFFTIII. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the

2、 time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract me

3、ans a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loadin

4、g for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The sellers risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buy

5、er is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the s

6、eller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyers risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shi

7、pment contract terms the sellers risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT a

8、nd CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport,

9、 b. Under CPT the sellers risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the sellers risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?M

10、ajor similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyers risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportatio

11、n mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the sellers risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the sellers risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the ves

12、sel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should you do?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders s

13、hould clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all

14、the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a named port of shipment, if Hamburg is the port o

15、f shipment, from the Chinese traders perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated The shipment will be effected in March 2011. When the goods were ready on 10 March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed Please send the goods to the p

16、ort for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March. The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the

17、 goods was damaged. When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred bef

18、ore the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。2)卖方之所以会把货物存放在码头仓库是因为买方指定的船只在约定时间没有出现。3)Incoterms 2010有规定，买方有向卖方提供准确、及时的装船通知的义务，如果买方没有履行该义务而导致了货物受损，即使双方没有完成交货，买方也要承担相关损失。答案：买方应该承担损失。答题切入点：1)分析货物受损原因。2)

19、根据2010年国际贸易术语解释通则买方在提供装运通知方面的义务。3)解释提供装运通知与完成交货风险转移之间的关系。2. A contract to sell grain used a CFR term. The grain was officially certified as Grade One at the time of being delivered on board at the port of shipment. After making the shipment, the seller gave the buyer timely notice. However, due to t

20、he long voyage, some grain went bad. At the destination, the grain could only be sold as Grade 3 . Consequently, the buyer claimed compensation for the damage. Should the seller pay?析：1)货物在装运港已经“officially certified as Grade One，这就说明货物的质量是合格的，而且是经官方确认的。2)文中提到“due to long voyage这说明货物变质的原因是由于运输时间长。答案：

21、No。答题切入点：a货物变质的原因bCFR术语下风险转移的情况。3. Under a CIF contract, the goods had been loaded on board the vessel according to the terms of the contract. Then the vessel departed. An hour later, the vessel struck a rock and sank. The next day the sellers bank presented the shipping documents, insurance policy

22、and invoices to the buyer, and demanded payment.(1) Knowing that he will not receive the goods, should the buyer pay?(2) Which party would have to take the loss?析：本题的关键疑问在于买方明知货物已全部损失，不可能再收到货物，是否还应支付货款。这是考察对“symbolic delivery”这个概念的理解。在CIF术语下，卖方交货时买方并没有真正收到货物，卖方的交货是通过货交承运人并获得相关单据(尤其是物权凭证)来实现的。而相应的，买方

23、必须接受交货，也就是买方必须接受卖方提供的相应单据并履行相关支付的义务。(1)答案：Yes答题切入点：1)卖方履行其义务的情况；2)CIF术语对双方交货、领受货物的规定；3)解释“symbolic delivery”在这里的应用。(2)答案：The buyer答题切入点：CIF术语下风险转移的情况。由于本章主要讨论贸易术语的应用，关注的主要是买、卖双方。如果答案是保险公司，则要求说明损失的风险首先是由买方承担的，在风险属于保险公司承保范围内的情况下，保险公司会对买方进行部分或全部的赔偿。4. A Shanghai company signed a CIF contract to sell Ch

24、ristmas goods to a British company. The USD1 million contract stipulated, The seller guarantees that the goods arrive at the port of destination by December 1, 2010. If the carriage is late, the buyer can cancel the purchase, and get the refund for the payment. So the shipment was made. Unfortunatel

25、y, due to mechanical problems, the vessel arrived at the destination a few hours late. The buyer refused to accept the goods. As a result, the goods had to be sold on the spot, and the seller lost USD700 000. Comment on this case.析：卖方受损的原因是货物达到目的港的时间晚于合同规定的时间，因此买方拒收货物。从表面上看，似乎问题就是出在卖方违约上，但如果仔细分析就会发现

26、，该合同本身的内容就存在自相矛盾的问题。合同用的是CIF术语，卖方在货装上船时风险就转移。卖方既不承担运输途中的风险，也不保证货物是否能抵达目的港。CIF合同本质上是一个“shipment contract”。但加上一条保证到岸时间的条款后，合同的性质发生了变化：它变成了一个“arrival contract”。也就是说，在货物按时抵达目的港之前的一切风险都由卖方承担，否则卖方就是违约。答题切入点：1)CIF术语对双方风险及义务的划分，点出“shipment contract”这一概念；2)解释“arrival date”clause对合同性质的改变。5. A Chinese company

27、finalized a transaction with a German company under CIF price and L/C payment. Both sales contract and L/C received stipulated that transshipment was not allowed. The Chinese company made the shipment on a direct vessel within the validity period of the L/C and negotiated the payment with a direct B

28、ill of Lading successfully. After departing from the Chinese port, in order to take another shipment, the shipping company unloaded the goods from the original vessel and reloaded them onto another. Due to the delay and the poor condition of the second vessel, the goods arrived 2 months later than t

29、he expected time. The German company suffered and claimed compensation from the Chinese company with the reason that the Chinese side cheated them with a direct B/L. The Chinese company believed that since they signed the contract under a 到岸价 and they booked the shipping company, they would be respo

30、nsible for what happened. As a result the Chinese side compensated. Comment on this case.析：1)卖方按照合同规定履行了各项义务，造成货物到港延误的原因是船公司擅自改变运输安排，卖方对此并不知情。2)卖方把CIF理解成“到岸价格”存在错误，混淆了承担风险与承担费用的区别。如果把CIF理解成“到岸价格”，那么CIF就变成了一个到岸合同术语(arrival contract term)了，而实际上它应该是个装运合同术语(shipment contract term)。3)因此，卖方在此情况下不应进行赔偿，而是应

31、该协助买方向船方进行索赔。答题切入点：1)分析买方受损的真正原因及责任方：2)解释卖方错误赔偿的原因；3)给出本案例正确的处理方法，尤其是卖方应该如何应对买方的要求。Chapter 3 Export Price 12345678910I. Multiple choicesBDDACDABDBII. True or false statementsFTFFFTTFFFIII. Explain the following terms1. inquiryAn inquiry is the act of a potential client asking for information from th

32、e counterpart to his intention in buying or selling a certain commodity.2. offer An offer is a sufficiently definite proposal addressed to one or more specific persons for concluding a contract, necessarily indicating the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance.3. counteroffer A counteroffer is a reply to an offer which contains additions,