专题12 高考英语阅读理解说明文专练新冠病毒.docx

1、专题12 高考英语阅读理解说明文专练新冠病毒专题12 2021年高考英语阅读理解说明文专练-新冠病毒Passage1说明文|使用一定的振动频率来破坏病毒的全新方法Scientists may one day be able to destroy viruses in the same way that opera singers break wine glasses. New research mathematically determined the frequencies at which simple viruses could be shaken to death.The capsid

2、 (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle, said physicist Otto Sankey of Arizona State University. “If the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.”Recent experimental evidence has shown that laser (激光) pulses with the right frequency can kill cer

3、tain viruses. However, locating these resonant (共振的) frequencies is a bit of trial and error. Experiments must try various conditions, Sankey said.To further this search, Sankey and his student Eric Dykeman have developed a way to calculate the vibrations of every atom in a virus shell. From this, t

4、hey can determine the lowest resonant frequencies. An experiment has recently shown that pulses of laser light can cause destructive vibrations in virus shells. Sankey said, “Like pushing a child on a swing from rest, one sudden push gets the virus shaking.”However, it is difficult to calculate what

5、 sort of push will kill a virus, since there can be millions of atoms in its shell structure. A direct calculation of each atoms movements would take several hundred thousand Gigabytes of computer memory, Sankey explained.The team plans to use their technique to study other, more complicated viruses

6、. However, it is still a long way from using this to destroy the viruses in infected people. “This is such a new field, and there are so few experiments that the science has not yet had enough time to prove itself,” Sankey said. “We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.”12What is the

7、 new way to kill viruses?AReplacing viruses capsids with shells.BBreaking viruses capsids by vibration.CLocating the position of certain viruses.DDamaging the conditions that viruses like.13Why does Sankey mention “pushing a child on a swing” in Paragraph 4?ATo prove how simple the new theory is.BTo

8、 explain how to start the virus shaking.CTo suggest the idea comes from our real life.DTo show the destructive power of vibrations.14What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?AThe shell structure of viruses.BThe lack of computer memory.CThe challenging part of the research.DThe importance of atoms mo

9、vement.15What is Sankeys attitude towards the theory?ADisapproving. BWorried.CUncaring. DPositive.【答案】12B13B14C15D【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种使用一定的振动频率来破坏病毒的全新方法。12细节理解题。根据第二段的The capsid (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle和If the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus

10、 can be destroyed.可知，病毒有一层外壳，如果受到机械振动则可以将其破坏，病毒就可以毁灭。故选B。13推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Like pushing a child on a swing from rest，one sudden push gets the virus shaking.可知，就像从秋千上推孩子一样，一个突然的推动就会让病毒颤抖，因此推断，Sankey是用类比的方式帮助读者了解这种破坏病毒原理。故选B。14主旨大意题。根据第五段的内容可知，由于病毒的外壳结构中可能有数百万个原子，因此很难计算出哪种推动会杀死病毒。直接计算每个原子的运动将需要消耗大量计算机内

11、存，因此本段主要讲的是在这项研究中会遇到的主要问题。故选C。15推理判断题。根据全文的最后一段的We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.(我们仍然充满希望，但同时保持怀疑)可知，Sankey对这项新技术的未来是有信心的。故选D。Passage2说明文|戒烟有助于改善肺部功能以抵御新冠病毒的侵袭 With the Covid-19 virus sweeping the globe, the science on quitting smoking offers welcome news for smokers who want

12、 to build up their defenses in case they contract the virus. Though it may still take many months for a smokers lungs to heal from damage caused by long-term smoking, your health can noticeably improve in the days and weeks after quitting in ways that could make a difference against the virus. Covid

13、-19 creates an added sense of urgency, and theres enough reason to believe that quitting smoking during the pandemic（流行病）could increases your opportunities of fighting off the virus. If you make the decision to quit, the cilia（纤毛）in your lungs are one of the first parts of your body to heal. These h

14、air-like projections wave back and forth like a brush as air moves in and out of your lungs. They help your body fight off colds and infection. They also help clear mucus（黏液）, so if theyre not functioning as well as they should, mucus can build up in the lungs. Your bodys tendency to cough during an

15、 infection helps inspire the bodily process of clearing out mucus. Thats vital in fighting the Covid-19 condition. The elderly are at a greater risk for too much lung fluid that often limits breathing following coronavirus infection because they dont have a strong enough cough to clear it up. A seco

16、nd short-term gain from quitting smoking comes from reducing ongoing inflammation（炎症）in your body, which can make you infect Covid-19 more easily. Having your lungs in as good of shape as you can in case of a corona virus infection is key. Besides lung-related issues, quitting smoking can also deliv

17、er healthy benefits to the heart that could help prevent possible heart attacks, which are another cause of death in Covid-19 cases. After you quit smoking, your blood becomes thinner and less possible to setting. Heart attacks are less likely. One reason this happens is because smoking makes it har

18、der for the heart to distribute blood throughout the body.8What is the use of the lung cilia?ACleaning up the lungs. BKilling the Covid-19 virus.CPredicting lung infections. DReducing breathing difficulty.9Why are the old at higher risk to the corona virus?AThey cannot go out during the pandemic. BT

19、here is too much mucus in their lungs.CMost of them are heavy smokers for years. DThey are lacking in the care of their children.10What good does quitting smoking do to heart？AStrengthen the heart muscle. BTurn blood to be much thicker.CMake the blood flow smoother. DSpeed the heartbeat up apparentl

20、y.11What is the text mainly about？AQuitting smoking can help defend the Covid-19.BWays to make a difference against corona viruses.CThe Covid-19 virus is threatening humans worldwide.DProtecting the smokers lungs to heal from damage.【答案】8A9B10C11A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，戒烟有助于改善肺部功能以抵御新冠病毒的侵袭。8细节理解题。由第二段中的

21、“These hair-like projections wave back and forth like a brush as air moves in and out of your lungs. They help your body fight off colds and infection. They also help clear mucus（黏液）, so if theyre not functioning as well as they should, mucus can build up in the lungs.”（当空气进出肺部时，这些毛发状的突起像刷子一样来回摆动。它们

22、帮助你的身体抵御感冒和感染。它们也有助于清除粘液，所以如果它们的功能不好，粘液会在肺部积聚。），可知肺部纤毛的作用是清洁肺部。故选A项。9细节理解题。由第二段中的“The elderly are at a greater risk for too much lung fluid that often limits breathing following coronavirus infection because they dont have a strong enough cough to clear it up.”（老年人患冠状病毒感染后肺液过多的风险更大，因为他们没有足够强烈的咳嗽来消除肺

23、部积液。），可知老年人肺部积水更多导致他们感染病毒的风险更大。故选B项。10细节理解题。由最后一段中的“After you quit smoking, your blood becomes thinner and less possible to setting. Heart attacks are less likely. One reason this happens is because smoking makes it harder for the heart to distribute blood throughout the body.”（戒烟后，你的血液变得稀薄，不太可能凝固。心

24、脏病发作的可能性较小。发生这种情况的一个原因是吸烟使心脏更难将血液输送到全身。），可知戒烟会使血液流动更加顺畅。故选C项。11主旨大意题。由第一段第一句“With the Covid-19 virus sweeping the globe, the science on quitting smoking offers welcome news for smokers who want to build up their defenses in case they contract the virus.”（随着Covid-19病毒席卷全球，戒烟科学为那些想增强防御能力以防感染病毒的吸烟者带来了可

25、喜的消息。）和第一段最后一句“Covid-19 creates an added sense of urgency, and theres enough reason to believe that quitting smoking during the pandemic（流行病）could increases your opportunities of fighting off the virus.”（Covid-19会增加一种紧迫感，而且有足够的理由相信在大流行期间戒烟可以增加抵抗病毒的机会。），可知本文论述戒烟有助于抵御新冠病毒的侵袭。故选A项。Passage3说明文|北极海冰的融化导致

26、一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播 The decline in sea ice seen in the Arctic in recent decades has been linked by scientists to the spread of a deadly virus in marine (海洋的) mammals. Researchers found that Phocine distemper virus (PDV) had spread from animals in the North Atlantic to populations in the North Pacific.

27、 According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the ice has been retreating by around 12% per decade between 1979 and 2018. These sea ice changes in September (2018) are likely unprecedented (前所未有的) for at least 1, 000 years. “Between 1979 and 2018, the real proportion (比例) of multi-yea

28、r ice that is at least five years old has declined by approximately 90%,” the IPCC said in their report on the oceans and the cryosphere (冰冻圈) published in September. Against this changing background, researchers have investigated the likely spread of the PDV infection, which caused a large number o

29、f deaths among harbour seals in the North Atlantic in 2002. Melting sea ice is now connecting marine mammals, like these Steller sea lions, which were formerly separated by ice . “As animals move and come in contact with other species, they carry opportunities to introduce and catch new infectious d

30、isease, with potentially destructive effects.” said author Dr Tracey Goldstein, from the University of California, Davis. The authors warn that this trend could continue as they believe climate driven changes in the Arctic ocean will increase. The opportunities for the spread of PDV will likely grow

31、, with uncertain health outcomes for many species.8What does the word “populations” in paragraph 1 refer to?AThe marine mammals. BThe people.CThe virus. DThe land animals.9What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?AThe loss of sea ice. BThe formation of sea ice.CThe effect of sea ice. DThe propor

32、tion of sea ice.10What does paragraph 3 try to tell us?AHow marine mammals adapt to their habitats.BHow a large number of seals died in the Arctic.CHow melting ice is linked to the spread of virus.DHow marine mammals live with the melting ice.11In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?AEntertainment. BHealth.CEducation. DNature.【答案】8A9A10C11D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述北极海冰的融化导致一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播，并且随着气候变化的增加，这种病毒的传播也可能会增加。8词义猜测题。根据文章第