专题12 高考英语阅读理解说明文专练新冠病毒.docx

专题12 高考英语阅读理解说明文专练新冠病毒.docx

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专题12高考英语阅读理解说明文专练新冠病毒

专题122021年高考英语阅读理解说明文专练-新冠病毒

Passage1说明文|使用一定的振动频率来破坏病毒的全新方法

Scientistsmayonedaybeabletodestroyvirusesinthesamewaythatoperasingersbreakwineglasses.Newresearchmathematicallydeterminedthefrequenciesatwhichsimplevirusescouldbeshakentodeath.

Thecapsid（壳）ofavirusissomethingliketheshellofaturtle,saidphysicistOttoSankeyofArizonaStateUniversity.“Iftheshellcanbedamagedbymechanicalvibrations（震动）,theviruscanbedestroyed.”

Recentexperimentalevidencehasshownthatlaser（激光）pulseswiththerightfrequencycankillcertainviruses.However,locatingtheseresonant（共振的）frequenciesisabitoftrialanderror.Experimentsmusttryvariousconditions,Sankeysaid.

Tofurtherthissearch,SankeyandhisstudentEricDykemanhavedevelopedawaytocalculatethevibrationsofeveryatominavirusshell.Fromthis,theycandeterminethelowestresonantfrequencies.Anexperimenthasrecentlyshownthatpulsesoflaserlightcancausedestructivevibrationsinvirusshells.Sankeysaid,“Likepushingachildonaswingfromrest,onesuddenpushgetsthevirusshaking.”

However,itisdifficulttocalculatewhatsortofpushwillkillavirus,sincetherecanbemillionsofatomsinitsshellstructure.Adirectcalculationofeachatom’smovementswouldtakeseveralhundredthousandGigabytesofcomputermemory,Sankeyexplained.

Theteamplanstousetheirtechniquetostudyother,morecomplicatedviruses.However,itisstillalongwayfromusingthistodestroythevirusesininfectedpeople.“Thisissuchanewfield,andtherearesofewexperimentsthatthesciencehasnotyethadenoughtimetoproveitself,”Sankeysaid.“Weremainhopefulbutremainskepticalatthesametime.”

12．Whatisthenewwaytokillviruses?

A．Replacingviruses’capsidswithshells.

B．Breakingviruses’capsidsbyvibration.

C．Locatingthepositionofcertainviruses.

D．Damagingtheconditionsthatviruseslike.

13．WhydoesSankeymention“pushingachildonaswing”inParagraph4?

A．Toprovehowsimplethenewtheoryis.

B．Toexplainhowtostartthevirusshaking.

C．Tosuggesttheideacomesfromourreallife.

D．Toshowthedestructivepowerofvibrations.

14．Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?

A．Theshellstructureofviruses.

B．Thelackofcomputermemory.

C．Thechallengingpartoftheresearch.

D．Theimportanceofatoms’movement.

15．WhatisSankey’sattitudetowardsthetheory?

A．Disapproving.B．Worried.

C．Uncaring.D．Positive.

【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．D

【解析】本文是说明文。

文章介绍了一种使用一定的振动频率来破坏病毒的全新方法。

12．细节理解题。

根据第二段的Thecapsid（壳）ofavirusissomethingliketheshellofaturtle和Iftheshellcanbedamagedbymechanicalvibrations（震动）,theviruscanbedestroyed.可知，病毒有一层外壳，如果受到机械振动则可以将其破坏，病毒就可以毁灭。

故选B。

13．推理判断题。

根据第四段最后一句Likepushingachildonaswingfromrest，onesuddenpushgetsthevirusshaking.可知，就像从秋千上推孩子一样，一个突然的推动就会让病毒颤抖，因此推断，Sankey是用类比的方式帮助读者了解这种破坏病毒原理。

故选B。

14．主旨大意题。

根据第五段的内容可知，由于病毒的外壳结构中可能有数百万个原子，因此很难计算出哪种推动会杀死病毒。

直接计算每个原子的运动将需要消耗大量计算机内存，因此本段主要讲的是在这项研究中会遇到的主要问题。

故选C。

15．推理判断题。

根据全文的最后一段的Weremainhopefulbutremainskepticalatthesametime.（我们仍然充满希望，但同时保持怀疑）可知，Sankey对这项新技术的未来是有信心的。

故选D。

Passage2说明文|戒烟有助于改善肺部功能以抵御新冠病毒的侵袭

WiththeCovid-19virussweepingtheglobe,thescienceonquittingsmokingofferswelcomenewsforsmokerswhowanttobuilduptheirdefensesincasetheycontractthevirus.Thoughitmaystilltakemanymonthsforasmoker'slungstohealfromdamagecausedbylong-termsmoking,yourhealthcannoticeablyimproveinthedaysandweeksafterquittinginwaysthatcouldmakeadifferenceagainstthevirus.Covid-19createsanaddedsenseofurgency,andthere'senoughreasontobelievethatquittingsmokingduringthepandemic（流行病）couldincreasesyouropportunitiesoffightingoffthevirus.

Ifyoumakethedecisiontoquit,thecilia（纤毛）inyourlungsareoneofthefirstpartsofyourbodytoheal.Thesehair-likeprojectionswavebackandforthlikeabrushasairmovesinandoutofyourlungs.Theyhelpyourbodyfightoffcoldsandinfection.Theyalsohelpclearmucus（黏液）,soifthey'renotfunctioningaswellastheyshould,mucuscanbuildupinthelungs.Yourbody'stendencytocoughduringaninfectionhelpsinspirethebodilyprocessofclearingoutmucus.That'svitalinfightingtheCovid-19condition.Theelderlyareatagreaterriskfortoomuchlungfluidthatoftenlimitsbreathingfollowingcoronavirusinfectionbecausetheydon'thaveastrongenoughcoughtoclearitup.

Asecondshort-termgainfromquittingsmokingcomesfromreducingongoinginflammation（炎症）inyourbody,whichcanmakeyouinfectCovid-19moreeasily.Havingyourlungsinasgoodofshapeasyoucanincaseofacoronavirusinfectioniskey.

Besideslung-relatedissues,quittingsmokingcanalsodeliverhealthybenefitstotheheartthatcouldhelppreventpossibleheartattacks,whichareanothercauseofdeathinCovid-19cases.Afteryouquitsmoking,yourbloodbecomesthinnerandlesspossibletosetting.Heartattacksarelesslikely.Onereasonthishappensisbecausesmokingmakesitharderforthehearttodistributebloodthroughoutthebody.

8．Whatistheuseofthelungcilia?

A．Cleaningupthelungs.B．KillingtheCovid-19virus.

C．Predictinglunginfections.D．Reducingbreathingdifficulty.

9．Whyaretheoldathigherrisktothecoronavirus?

A．Theycannotgooutduringthepandemic.B．Thereistoomuchmucusintheirlungs.

C．Mostofthemareheavysmokersforyears.D．Theyarelackinginthecareoftheirchildren.

10．Whatgooddoesquittingsmokingdotoheart？

A．Strengthentheheartmuscle.B．Turnbloodtobemuchthicker.

C．Makethebloodflowsmoother.D．Speedtheheartbeatupapparently.

11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？

A．QuittingsmokingcanhelpdefendtheCovid-19.

B．Waystomakeadifferenceagainstcoronaviruses.

C．TheCovid-19virusisthreateninghumansworldwide.

D．Protectingthesmokers'lungstohealfromdamage.

【答案】8．A9．B10．C11．A

【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了，戒烟有助于改善肺部功能以抵御新冠病毒的侵袭。

8．细节理解题。

由第二段中的“Thesehair-likeprojectionswavebackandforthlikeabrushasairmovesinandoutofyourlungs.Theyhelpyourbodyfightoffcoldsandinfection.Theyalsohelpclearmucus（黏液）,soifthey'renotfunctioningaswellastheyshould,mucuscanbuildupinthelungs.”（当空气进出肺部时，这些毛发状的突起像刷子一样来回摆动。

它们帮助你的身体抵御感冒和感染。

它们也有助于清除粘液，所以如果它们的功能不好，粘液会在肺部积聚。

），可知肺部纤毛的作用是清洁肺部。

故选A项。

9．细节理解题。

由第二段中的“Theelderlyareatagreaterriskfortoomuchlungfluidthatoftenlimitsbreathingfollowingcoronavirusinfectionbecausetheydon'thaveastrongenoughcoughtoclearitup.”（老年人患冠状病毒感染后肺液过多的风险更大，因为他们没有足够强烈的咳嗽来消除肺部积液。

），可知老年人肺部积水更多导致他们感染病毒的风险更大。

故选B项。

10．细节理解题。

由最后一段中的“Afteryouquitsmoking,yourbloodbecomesthinnerandlesspossibletosetting.Heartattacksarelesslikely.Onereasonthishappensisbecausesmokingmakesitharderforthehearttodistributebloodthroughoutthebody.”（戒烟后，你的血液变得稀薄，不太可能凝固。

心脏病发作的可能性较小。

发生这种情况的一个原因是吸烟使心脏更难将血液输送到全身。

），可知戒烟会使血液流动更加顺畅。

故选C项。

11．主旨大意题。

由第一段第一句“WiththeCovid-19virussweepingtheglobe,thescienceonquittingsmokingofferswelcomenewsforsmokerswhowanttobuilduptheirdefensesincasetheycontractthevirus.”（随着Covid-19病毒席卷全球，戒烟科学为那些想增强防御能力以防感染病毒的吸烟者带来了可喜的消息。

）和第一段最后一句“Covid-19createsanaddedsenseofurgency,andthere'senoughreasontobelievethatquittingsmokingduringthepandemic（流行病）couldincreasesyouropportunitiesoffightingoffthevirus.”（Covid-19会增加一种紧迫感，而且有足够的理由相信在大流行期间戒烟可以增加抵抗病毒的机会。

），可知本文论述戒烟有助于抵御新冠病毒的侵袭。

故选A项。

Passage3说明文|北极海冰的融化导致一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播

ThedeclineinseaiceseenintheArcticinrecentdecadeshasbeenlinkedbyscientiststothespreadofadeadlyvirusinmarine（海洋的）mammals.ResearchersfoundthatPhocinedistempervirus（PDV）hadspreadfromanimalsintheNorthAtlantictopopulationsintheNorthPacific.

AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,theicehasbeenretreatingbyaround12%perdecadebetween1979and2018.TheseseaicechangesinSeptember（2018）arelikelyunprecedented（前所未有的）foratleast1,000years.“Between1979and2018,therealproportion（比例）ofmulti-yearicethatisatleastfiveyearsoldhasdeclinedbyapproximately90%,”theIPCCsaidintheirreportontheoceansandthecryosphere（冰冻圈）publishedinSeptember.

Againstthischangingbackground,researchershaveinvestigatedthelikelyspreadofthePDVinfection,whichcausedalargenumberofdeathsamongharboursealsintheNorthAtlanticin2002.Meltingseaiceisnowconnectingmarinemammals,liketheseStellersealions,whichwereformerlyseparatedbyice.“Asanimalsmoveandcomeincontactwithotherspecies,theycarryopportunitiestointroduceandcatchnewinfectiousdisease,withpotentiallydestructiveeffects.”saidauthorDrTraceyGoldstein,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.

TheauthorswarnthatthistrendcouldcontinueastheybelieveclimatedrivenchangesintheArcticoceanwillincrease.TheopportunitiesforthespreadofPDVwilllikelygrow,withuncertainhealthoutcomesformanyspecies.

8．Whatdoestheword“populations”inparagraph1referto?

A．Themarinemammals.B．Thepeople.

C．Thevirus.D．Thelandanimals.

9．Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?

A．Thelossofseaice.B．Theformationofseaice.

C．Theeffectofseaice.D．Theproportionofseaice.

10．Whatdoesparagraph3trytotellus?

A．Howmarinemammalsadapttotheirhabitats.

B．HowalargenumberofsealsdiedintheArctic.

C．Howmeltingiceislinkedtothespreadofvirus.

D．Howmarinemammalslivewiththemeltingice.

11．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A．Entertainment.B．Health.

C．Education.D．Nature.

【答案】8．A9．A10．C11．D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要讲述北极海冰的融化导致一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播，并且随着气候变化的增加，这种病毒的传播也可能会增加。

8．词义猜测题。

根据文章第