GCT词汇结构题难点突破Word下载.docx

1、这一点将在下文详细论述。第一部分：语法部分根据2010-2013GCT英语语法项目统计汇总上述信息，我们可以得出以下结果：1、名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法 2013：单复数，代词； 2012：代词 2010：名词单复数：动名词 名词单复数、时态：现在完成时语态、时态：时态：将来完成时非谓语动词：分词 2011：不定时虚拟语气：非真实条件句 2010： 2010 （虚拟语气：宾语从句）主语从句状语从句定语从句 2012：倒装句倒装句、时态：还有上面未包含的项目：2012年（情态动词+have done）总结2010-2012年联考真题，我们可以得出以下结果： 2010: 代词 2011: 被

2、动语态 时态：过去完成时 2012: 时态，过去式 语态，时态现在时 形容词比较等级：倍数关系 形容词比较等级 转折连接词: while 非谓语动词：不定式分词；独立主格结构 虚拟语气：宾语从句非真实条件句：含蓄条件 2010: 定语从句 时间状语从句 条件状语从句 2011: 名词性从句 宾语从句 2012: 目的状语从句 2012: 原因状语从句:in that 强调句型 倒装句情态动词没包含在上述九个大纲项目中，但频繁出现在真题中：2010（情态动词）2012（情态动词+have done）解语法题的关键就是确认语法考点，只要考点能够，答案就可轻松判定。我们重点了解一下常考项目：一、名词

3、、代词的数和格的构成及其用法1. 注意英语中的集体名词，谓语形式需联系上下文来确定，如：His family is a big one.His family are all football fans.相似的名词还有：class, people, police等2. 动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句做主语时，谓语用单数形式：To join the club and become a famous star is his long-cherished dream.That Taiwan is an integral part of China is known to all.What he has

4、 done in the past few years remains a mystery to us.3. 代词 代词数量较多且用法灵活、复杂，我们重点掌握一下that （those） one （ones） it的用法： 作为普通代词的区别，it one that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物。I have lost my umbrella; Im looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella） I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbr

5、ella已经丢了）The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”）II. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于aan名词; that为特指, 相当于the 名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为aan some any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the this that。A chair made of steel is stronger than one

6、made of wood. （该句中one可以换成a chair） The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成the water）III. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用those.I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen）There were a few young people and some older ones in the hou

7、se. （ones代替可数名词复数people）Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词handwriting）These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数pictures）IV. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。The one That on the table is mine. （该句中The one代替事物, 并且也可以用

8、That）He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. （该句中the one代替人, 不能用that）He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones those that had the best color. （该句中the ones代替事物, 并且也可以用those）练习：1. Our family _ not to exchange Christmas gifts this year. A. has agreed B. have agreed

9、C. agrees D. had agreed2. We expected about 20 guests but there were _ people there. A. any B. otherC. some D. more3. We need a more capable leader, _with a strong will as well as good humor. A. who B. that C. one D. which4. Making energy use completely harmless to the environment _very difficult an

10、d usually economically expensive. A. is B. are C. have been D. shall be1. Nice words may win friends, but only ones good personality can hold _.A. it B. those C. that D. them2. People with glasses are perceived to be up to ten IQ points more intelligent than _. A. those without B. that without C. th

11、ese without D. one without20. We had a party last weekend, and it was a lot of fun. So lets have _ one this weekend.A. another B. moreC. the other D. other 二、动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法；1. 时态：英语中一共有16个时态，较常使用的时态有一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时，一般将来时、将来进行时，现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时。在职硕士学位英语联考中出现过的考点是现在时、过去式、过去完成时等，但单独考时态的时候不多

12、，常常与时态等知识结合起来考察。 请同学们回顾一下现在时、过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时的形式和用法。 解这类题时，考生首先要抓住的就是时间状语，是现在时间、将来时间还是过去时间？是短暂时间还是延续性时间？2. 被动语态:被动语态的构成:被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisareeaten 一般过去时：waswereeaten一般将来时：will/shall/be going to beeaten过去将来时：would/should/be going to bee

13、aten现在进行时：amisare beingeaten 过去进行时：waswere beingeaten现在完成时：havehas beeneaten 过去完成时：had beeneaten三、被动语态的用法 （1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. This book has been translated into 12 languages.（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The window was broken by mike. This book was written by

14、Lunxun. 被动语态很少单独考察，常常与时态、不定式、分词、动名词等语法项目结合起来考察。练习题：1. More thunderstorms _ in summer than any other time of the year.A. happened B. have happenedC. happen D. will happen2. People do not always recall events as they _ actually. A. are happening B. will happen C. happened D. would happen3. By the end

15、of this term, the girls _ the basic rules of dinner party conversation. A. will learn B. will have learned C. have learned D. are learning4. You are to stay at the hotel where rooms _ for you. A. have been booked B. are bookedC. would be booked D. were booked5. When we arrived at the airport, we wer

16、e told our flight _. A. cancelled B. had cancelled C. has been cancelled D. had been cancelled6. A virus, often too small to be seen except with a powerful microscope, _diseases.A. cause B. is causedC. causes D. is causing7. As a result of the work, he found less time than he _ for his hobbies.A. mu

17、st have hoped B. had hopedC. should have hoped D. has hoped8. The questions are certain to _ careful consideration before any major decision. A. give B. have given C. be given D. have been given9. This robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it may create new problems if it really_. A. is B. w

18、ill C. has D. does三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；形容词、副词的比较等级方面近年没考过，往年考得也不多。我们须注意以下两种情况：1. 两物比较的结果： A is bigger than B. A is as big as B. A is not as（so） big as B.2. 倍数关系： A is xx times as big as B. A is xx times the size/length/depth/price of B.1. Minimum wage is the _ amount of money per hour that an emp

19、loyer may legally pay a worker. A. little B. few C. least D. smallest2. The coat Im wearing now cost about _ of that one hung over there. A. twice price B. the twice price C. twice the price D. the price twice1. Peter and Bob both did a good job, but Peter is _ talented of the two. A. the most B. th

20、e more C. most D. more2. The function of school education is not so much to teach you things _ to teach you the art of learning. A. than B. then C. as D. but3. Gaining a new customer costs _ keeping an old one. A. as many as five times B. five times as many as C. as much as five times D. five times

21、as much as四、常用连接词、冠词的词义及其用法； （没考过）五、非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。1. 不定式：构成：to do, to be done, to have done, to have been done; 不定式的句法作用：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。2. 动名词: 构成：doing, being done 动名词的句法作用：主语、宾语、表语、定语等。有些动词和动词短语只能跟动名词作宾语：avoid, suggest，finish, appreciate, admit, deny, enjoy,

22、 insist on, confess to, be used to, look forward to等等。Nobody enjoys being laughed at.need, want, require后跟动名词作宾语时，形式上是主动的，但表示被动的意义：The flower needs watering.3. 分词:doing, having done done, being done 分词的句法作用：定语、状语、补语等。解非谓语动词类题的关键有两点：Tell him to come to my office.I found him freshly shaven.I found the

23、 classroom cleaned.I often see him beat his son.I saw a man coming to the office when I looked out of the window.（1） 区分主被动（2）动作是否正在进行 to be usedThis is the material used in the production of the shoes. being used to be discussedThis is the problem discussed at the meeting yesterday. being discussed在

24、非谓语动词中，还要注意一种特别的情况：一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。其作用相当于一个状语从句，在句中作原因、条件、伴随等状语，。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词（代词）+现在分词；过去分词；不定式；形容词；副词；名词；介词短语）1. 名词（代词）+现在分词Such being the case，

25、you have no grounds for dismissing himTime permitting, I will go with you. I lay on the grass, river flowing by, birds flying around.2. 名词（代词）+过去分词 The work done, he went back home.All flights cancelled, he had to go by train.下面的真题可以看出，非谓语动词每年都会考到,而且题量很大，可以灵活地与时态、语态等结合起来考：1. Radios today seldom need _ or the attention of a technician. A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to have repaired2. Susan will come to watch him _ at Wimbledon this week.（2004）