GRE考试阅读理解每日一练十至十二.docx

1、GRE考试阅读理解每日一练十至十二2015年GRE考试阅读理解：每日一练（十至十二）十Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists Line ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constrain

2、ts ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that come naturally in archetypal situations in any culture. Our frailties emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, lovemay be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, in the grip o

3、f them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints. Unhappily, some of those frailtiesour need for ever-increasing security among themare presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are ou

4、r appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.1. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the details versus constr

5、aintsdistinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?(A) The ability of most people to see all the colors of the visible spectrum as againstmost peoples inability to name any but the primary colors(B) The ability of even the least fortunate people to show compassion as against peoples

6、inability to mask their feelings completely(C) The ability of some people to dive to great depths as against most peoples inability to swim long distances(D) The psychological profile of those people who are able to delay gratification as against peoples inability to control their lives completely(E

7、) The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor air as against peoples inability to flywithout special apparatus2. It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that(A) evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive char

8、acteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones(B) any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory(C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely(D) the designation of a characteris

9、tic as being maladaptive must always remain highlytentative(E) changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary changeThe molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earths atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules Line allow radiat

10、ion at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated from the Earths surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. For the Earth to maintain a constant aver

11、age temperature, such emissions from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no car-bon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The surface temperature wouldbe so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass of ice. (120 words)3. Acco

12、rding to the passage, the greatest part of the solar energy that reaches the Earth is(A) concentrated in the infrared spectrum(B) concentrated at visible wavelengths(C) absorbed by carbon dioxide molecules(D) absorbed by atmospheric water vapor(E) reflected back to space by snow and iceFor the follo

13、wing question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply4. According to the passage, atmospheric carbon dioxide performs which of the following functionsA absorbing radiation at visible wavelengthsB absorbing outgoing radiation from the EarthC helping to retain heat near the

14、Earths surfaceInitially the Vinaver theory that Malorys eight romances, once thought to be fundamentally unified. were in fact eight independent works produced both aLine sense of relief and an unpleasant shock. Vinavers theory comfortably explained away the apparent contradictions of chronology and

15、 made each romanceindependently satisfying. It was, however, disagreeable to find that what had been thought of as one book wasnow eight books. Part of this response was the natural reaction to the disturbance of set ideas. Nevertheless,even now, after lengthy consideration of the theorys refined bu

16、t legitimate observations, one cannot avoid the conclusion that the eight romances are only one work. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence, but of rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particularorder, that they have no cumulative

17、effect, and that theyare as separate as the works of a modern novelist.(154 words)For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Malorys works?A There are meanin

18、gful links between and among the romances.B The subtleties of the romances are obscured when they are taken as one work.C Any contradictions in chronology among the romances are less important than their overall unity.6. The author of the passage concedes which of the following about the Vinaver the

19、ory?(A) It gives a clearer understanding of the unity of Malorys romances.(B) It demonstrates the irrationality of considering Malorys romances to be unified.(C) It establishes acceptable links between Malorys romances and modern novels.(D) It unifies earlier and later theories concerning the chrono

20、logy of Malorys romances.(E) It makes valid and subtle comments aboutMalorys romances.7. Select the sentence in the passage that suggests that, in evaluating the Vinaver theory, some critics were initially biased by previous interpretations of Maloryswork.The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in t

21、he 1890s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had beenLine precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier-that is, the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system. Actually, however,

22、 new lands were taken up for farming in theUnited States throughout and beyond the nineteenthcentury. The emphasis of the presumed disappearance of the American frontier obscured the great importance ofchanges in the conditions and consequences ofinternational trade that occurred during the second h

23、alf ofthe nineteenth century. Huge tracts of land were beingsettled and farmed in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and in the American West, and these areas were joined with oneanother and with the countries of Europe into aninterdependent market system. Consequently, agrariandepressions no longer were

24、 local or national in scope, andthey struck several nations whose internal frontiers had not vanished or were not about to vanish. Between theearly 1870s and the 1890s, the mounting agrariandiscontent in America paralleled the almost uninterrupteddecline in the prices of American agricultural produc

25、ts onforeign markets.(198 words)8. The author is primarily concerned with(A) showing that a certain interpretation is better supported by the evidence than is an alternative explanation(B) developing an alternative interpretation by using sources of evidence that formerly had been unavailable(C) que

26、stioning the accuracy of the evidence that most scholars have used to counter the authors own interpretation(D) reviewing the evidence that formerly had been thought to obscure a valid interpretation(E) presenting evidence in support of acontroversial version of an earlierinterpretation.9. According

27、 to the author, changes in the conditions of international trade resulted in an(A) underestimation of the amount of new land that was being famed in the United States(B) underutilization of relatively small but rich plots of land(C) overexpansion of the world transportation network for shipping agri

28、culturalproducts(D) extension of agrarian depressions beyond national boundaries(E) emphasis on the importance of marketforces in determining the prices ofagricultural products10. The author implies that, after certain territories and countries had been joined into an interdependent market system in

29、 the nineteenth century, agrarian depressions within that system(A) spread to several nations, excluding those inwhich the internal frontier remained open(B) manifested themselves in several nations, including those in which new landremained available for farming(C) slowed down the pace of new techn

30、ological developments in international communications and transportation(D) affected the local and national prices of the nonagricultural products of several nations(E) encouraged several nations to sell more oftheir agricultural products on foreignmarkets11. The authors argument implies that, compa

31、red to the yearly price changes that actually occurred on foreign agricultural markets duringthe 1880s, American farmers would have most preferred yearly price changes that were(A) much smaller and in the same direction(B) much smaller but in the opposite direction(C) slightly smaller and in the sam

32、e direction(D) similar in size but in the opposite direction(E) slightly greater and in the same directionWhen the same parameters and quantitative theoryare used to analyze both termite colonies and troopsof rhesus macaques, we will have a unified science ofsociobiology. I have been increasingly impressed with thefunctional similarities between