1、度全国职称英语等级考试理工类C级真题第1部分:词汇选项(第115题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1Id very much like to know what your aim in life is.AthoughtBideaCgoalDplan2The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stakeAin dangerBin difficultyCin despairDout of control3Practically all animals communi
2、cate either through sounds or through soundless codes.ACertainlyBProbablyCAlmost DAbsolutely4Mary rarely speaks to Susan.AslowlyBseldomCweaklyDconstantly5Im working with a guy from LondonAteacherBstudentCfriendDman6Youd better put these documents in a safe placeAdarkBsecureCguardedDbanned7The courag
3、eous boy has been the subject of massive media coverage.AextensiveBcontinuousCinstantDquick8The town is famous for its magnificent buildingsAhigh-riseBmodernCancientDsplendid9The great change of the city astonished all the visitors.AsurprisedBscaredCexcitedDmoved10 Jack packed up all the things he h
4、ad accumulated over the last ten years.AfutureBfarCpastDnear11 Would you please call my husband as soon as possible?AvisitBphoneCconsultDinvite12 We had a long conversation about her parentsAspeechBquestionCtalkDdebate13 The chairman proposed that we stop the meeting.AstatedBannouncedCdemandedDsugge
5、sted14 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis.Alived onBdepended onCbelieved inDjoined in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a recordAbeatsBmaintainsCmatchesD tries第2部分:阅读判断(第1622题,每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错
6、误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。Radiocarbon DatingNowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳), or carbon-14, dating. One key to understanding how and by something happened is to discover when it happened.Radiocarbon dating was developed in t
7、he late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at he University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons(中子) and six neutrons (质子) in its nucleus. Carbon-14, or C-14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons (原子核). It returns to a more stabl
8、e form of carbon through a process called decay (衰减). This process involves the loss of he extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.In Libbys radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions (放射) from his decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter
9、. He decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated.Carbon-14 is produced in the Earths atmosphere when nitrogen (氮)-14, or N-14,interacts with cosmic rays (宇宙射线). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the mount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remai
10、ned constant. Consequently, C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.All life on Earth is made of organic molecules (分子)
11、 that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues (组织). Once an organism (有机体) dies it tops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14
12、 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is.16Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objectsARightBWrongCNot mentioned17The radiocarbon dating t
13、echnique is only about 40 years oldARightBWrongCNot mentioned18An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutronsARightBWrongCNot mentioned19Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned20Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at lea
14、st 50,000 years.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned21When an organism dies, the C-14 in it begins to decay.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned22The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第2330题,每题1分,共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段1选择个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个
15、确定1个最佳选项。Meet Your Memory1Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a go
16、od memory.2Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; and (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed.3Memory consists of at le
17、ast two different processes: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.
18、4One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning you recall the material in any order; in serial learning you recall it in the order it was
19、 presented; and in paired-associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented
20、to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning sh
21、ows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.23Paragraph 1()24Paragraph 2()25Paragraph 3()26Paragraph 4()AWhy do we forget things?BHow do we measure memory?CWhat are the stages memory consists of?DWhat is the difference between short-te
22、rm memory and long-term memory?EWhat is memory?FWho may have a poor memory?27Remembering involves getting the material back out when it is()28Grouping bits of information into larger chunks helps improve the capacity of()our()29Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity and a()30As a measure
23、of memory, relearning is more sensitive than()Ashort-term memoryBrelearningCneededDcodedErecognitionFslow forgetting rate第4部分:阅读理解(第3145题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Light Night, Dark StarsThousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear
24、 night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer (天文学家) with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says
25、, theyre lucky to see 150 stars.If youve ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, youve witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office (照亮) the night buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates sky. This haz
26、e (朦胧) of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult.Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. If one city has a lot more light pollutio
27、n than another, Ward says, that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale.Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increas
28、ingly obscuring (使变模糊) the faint (微弱的) light given off by distant stars. And if scientists cant locate these objects, they cant learn more about them.Light pollution doesnt only affect star visibility. It can harm wildlife too. Its clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off
29、course. Theres increasing evidence, for example, that migrating (迁徙) birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr., a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. When light occurs at night, he says, it has a very disruptive (破坏性的) influence. Sometimes birds
30、 fly into lighted towers, high-rises, and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.31On a clear night, people can seeA150 stars.Bhundreds of stars.Cone thousand stars.Dmore than 14,000 stars.32Light pollution occurs whenAartificial lights illuminate the night sky.B the moon lights up the night sky.C too many stars are visible in the night skyD streetlights are turned off.33Nowadays even suburbs are becoming unsuitable for scientists to do their jobs becauseAthe night sky there is too dark.Bthe once dark ar
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