考研英语特训看阅读记单词.docx

1、考研英语特训看阅读记单词 Revised by BLUE on the afternoon of December 12,2020.考研英语特训看阅读记单词2013考研英语特训：看阅读记单词例1A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital dividethe division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I

2、lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic。There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the internet becomes more and mo

3、re commercialized, it is in the Internet of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments afraid their countries will be left behind want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billio

4、n people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that weve ever had。Of course, the use of the

5、Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential。To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that stil

6、l think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, ha

7、rbors, highways, ports and so on- was built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britains former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in place

8、s like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off youre going to be. That doesnt mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run unco

9、ntrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet。译文今天，人们十分关注所谓的数字分化问题世界分成信息富有和信息贫困两部分。当今这种分化确实存在，我和妻子20年前就曾谈到这一迫近的危险。然而，当时还不太明显的是存在着一些新的积极因素来抵制数字分化。我们完全有理由感到乐观。一些技术上的因素使我们有理由期望分化会缩小。随着互联网

10、的日趋商业化，网上交易变得普及毕竟，上网人数越来越多，潜在客户就越多。越来越多的政府唯恐自己的国家落后，纷纷推广互联网接人。在一、二十年之内，全球将有一、二十亿人互联。因此，我认为在未来的数年中，数字分化将缩小而不会变大。这是好消息，因为互联网很可能成为与我们所面临的贫困做斗争的最有力的工具。当然，互联网的使用不是消除贫困的唯一方法。互联网也不是我们所拥有的唯一工具，但它拥有巨大潜力。想要利用互联网，一些贫困国家就必须克服对国外投资所持有的那种过时的、反殖民的种种偏见。那些认为国外投资是对本国主权侵犯的国家最好还是好好研究一下美国基础设施的历史。当初美国建立自己的工业基础设施时，缺乏必要资金，

11、因此美国的第二波基础设施浪潮包括公路、海港、高速公路、码头等等都是用国外资金建造的。英国人、德国人、荷兰人和法国人都在前英国殖民地投资。他们提供资金，美国移民者来建造。想想看，谁拥有这一切是美国人。我想，就这一点来说，巴西或其他任何地方同样也该这样。在建设第三波基础设施的浪潮(今天主要指电子基础设施)中，拥有的国外资金越多，那么情况将会越好。这并不是要卑躬屈膝、认人愚弄，也不是对国外公司不加控制，而是意味着你已认识到国外公司对本国能源及通信基础设施建设的重要性，而这些基础设施则需要充分利用互联网。词汇access n. 进口，人口；取得的方法派生：accessible a. 易接近的，可到达的

12、 accession n. 就职例句：The only access to their house is along that narrow road. 只有沿着那条狭窄的路走才能到达他们的房子。词组：access to 接近；have/gain access to 可以获得；easy of access 易于接近anti-coloniala. 反殖民的commercializev. 使商业化，使商品化派生：commerce n. 商业，商务，贸易 commercialism n. 商业主义 commercial a. 商业的，盈利的，商品化的例句：Love matters should no

13、t be commercialized. 不应该把恋爱商品化。combatn. 战斗，斗争v. 与战斗例句：The troop has much experience of actual combat. 这支部队有实际作战经验。辨析：war, battle, combatwar 指全面战争；battle 指局部战争；combat 指比battle 规模小的战斗。corporation n. 公司；法人派生：corporate a. 团体的；社团的，全体的例句：It grew from a tiny start-up to a multimillion-dollar corporation. 那

14、家公司从小小的新公司发展成数百万美元的大公司。decade n. 十年例句：This should be the aim over the next decade, it is crucial to our survival. 这应该成为今后十年的奋斗目标，它关系到我们的生死存亡。Defeatv. 战胜；打败例句：Our school defeated another school at football. 在足球比赛中我们学校战胜了另一个学校。divide v. 分，分割；分配，分享派生：division n. 分割，除法例句：Fire-break divided them at conve

15、niently spaced intervals. 防火带把他们的距离适当分开了。词组：divideinto 分，划分、除，除尽；divide among/between 在之中分配；divide sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物；divide by 除以辨析：separate, divideseparate 指把原来连接在一起的或者靠近的东西分割开来；divide 是指把整体分成若干份。enormous a. 巨大的，庞大的，极大的派生：enormously ad. 巨大地，极大地例句：An enormous gap remains between the advanced cou

16、ntries and the developing countries. 在先进国家和发展中国家之间仍然存在着巨大的差距。辨析：enormous, hugeenormous 巨大的，较huge 正式，暗示超出寻常体积或程度，超大；huge 巨大的，两词都着重大小，数量之极多，体积之巨大。financen. 财政；金融 v. 为筹集资金，供以经费派生：financial a. 财政的，金融的例句：She is an expert in finance. 她是一位金融专家。The government will finance the new building with the taxes it

17、collected. 政府将用征缴的税收为新建筑筹集资金。Impoverishv. 使困难；使贫瘠，恶化派生：impoverishment n. 贫困例句：Our lives would have been greatly impoverished if we had not got this job. 如果我们没有这份工作，我们的生活会很贫困。infrastructure n. 基础结构；基础设施例句：Vast sums are needed to keep the infrastructure. 保养基础设施需要大量资金。invasionn. 侵略，侵犯派生：invade v. 侵略，入侵

18、 invader n. 侵略者例句：The navy is our principal bulwark against invasion. 海军是我们抵御侵略者的重要保障。investmentn. 投资，投资额派生：invest v. 投资，投入investor n. 投资者例句：He made an investment of $ 10,000 in the supermarket. 她在这个超市投资了1万美元。loomv. 隐约出现；逼近例句：A figure loomed out of the forest. 一个影子隐约在森林出现。词组：loom large 赫然耸现；显得严重pote

19、ntial a. 潜在的；有可能的 n. 潜力例句：For years, scientists have debated the potential impact of oil spills. 多少年来，科学家们就一直在探讨石油溢漏可能造成的影响。词组：be potential for 对有潜力，有可能Prejudicen. 成见，偏见例句：We should cast away all prejudices to deal with this problem. 我们应该抛弃所有偏见来处理这个问题。词组：have a prejudice against 对有偏见sovereignty n. 最

20、高统治权；主权例句：Chinas sovereignty and territorial integrity must not be infringed. 中国的主权与领土完整不容侵犯。spread v. 张开；扩展，散开 n. 传播，蔓延例句：He spread some apple jam on the bread. 他在面包上涂上苹果酱。The spread of the scientific knowledge is necessary. 科普知识的传播是很必要的。词组：spread sth. with sth. 把某物铺在某物上；spread over 延展，延神telecom n.

21、 电信(全称 telecommunication)universalize v. 使普遍化派生：universal a. 全体的，与全体有关的；普遍的 universally ad. 全体地，普遍地 universalization n. 一般化，普遍化例2Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of

22、forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascination. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn琀 help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of a

23、chievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt猀 leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey猀 bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam. But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding

24、but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stoppe

25、d just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself. Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the

26、 go ahead to the even more wrong headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteedProper, scientific study of the impacts of dams

27、 and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learn

28、ed the lessons of Aswan. You dont need a dam to be saved。译文在重大技术所创造的东西中，很少有能像大型水坝这样能体现人的想象力的。或许是因为人类长期遭受洪涝和干旱的袭击，使得人类制服洪水的愿望更加令人兴奋不已。但是令人着迷，有时也会使人盲目。有些巨型大坝的项目就有着弊大于利的危险。建造大坝的教训是：大的并不一定总是美的。但是这无法阻止想要修建高大雄伟的大坝来显示那些力争得到自我肯定的国家和人民当作伟大成就的象征。埃及在阿拉伯世界的领导地位由建造阿斯旺大坝而巩固。土耳其为了力争成为世界一流的国家，也包括修建了巨大的阿塔特克大坝。但是大坝并没

29、有如预期的那样发挥作用。例如阿斯旺大坝，它阻止了尼罗河洪水的泛滥，但也使得埃及失去了洪水离去后所留下的肥沃土壤换回来的是一个疾病滋生的大水库。现在整个水库填满了淤泥，几乎不能发电。然而控制水的不切实际的想法仍在继续。本周，在文明的欧洲中心，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人为了多瑙河上的一处水坝引发争端，几乎差点动用了军队。这个大型的工程可能会出现所有大坝上的常见问题。但斯洛伐克正在力图从捷克脱离而独立，现在它需要建一个大坝来证明自己的实力。与此同时，在印度，世界银行已经贷款来建造问题繁多的纳尔黙达大坝。尽管世界银行的顾问指出，该大坝将给百姓带来苦难，并且也会破坏周边的环境，但银行已经这样实行了。这些利益归

30、有权势者所有，但是这种利益也是没有保障的。对于水坝的影响以及水坝治水的成本和收益进行正确而科学的研究，能够有效地解决这些冲突。即使不兴建大型水坝，水利发电、治理洪水以及灌溉也是可能的，不一定非得建大坝。但是当你面对那些不切实际的神话时，你就很难做到合理和科学了。现在该是世界吸取阿斯旺大坝教训的时候了。我们未必非要通过大坝来拯救自己。词汇assert vt. 主张， 坚称， 断言例句：You must assert yourself or they will continue to bully you. 你必须维护自己的权利，否则他们还会欺负你。词组：assert oneself 坚持自己的权利

31、； 表现自己的权威同义词：affirm declare insist on pronounce stateAdvisorn. 顾问， 劝告者， 指导教师例句：His amiability condemns him to being a constant advisor to other peoples troubles. 他那和蔼可亲的性格使他成为经常为他人排忧解难的开导者。bidding n. 命令， 邀请， 出价例句：He was bidding for popular support. 他在设法争取大众的支持。词组：at ones bidding/ at sb.s bidding依嘱，遵命do ones bidding/ do sb.s bidding 照的命令做， 照的话办barely ad. 几乎不例句：He has barely enough money to live on. 他的钱仅够勉强维持生计。词组：barely enough勉强够be barely of age刚成年a barely furnished room陈设简陋的房间同义词：hardly just scarcelycapture n. 抓取， 战利品， 捕获之物vt. 抓取， 获得， 迷住例