托福听力技巧分析.ppt

1、托福听力,围绕：,新托福考试听力部分介绍新托福考试题型问题及建议,新托福考试听力部分介绍,题量，时间,评分标准,1.当问题的分值是1分时，所有的项目都要回答正确，这一题才算是拿到了全部分值。2.当问题的分值是2分时，比如，四选三的题目，必须全部答对才能得到所有分值；选对2个，可得到1个分值。3.新托福听力以单选题为主，多选题和表格题为辅。,CONVERSATION 文章思路框架,raise the problem-analyze the problem-solve the problem,LECTURE 文章思路框架,beginning-way of teaching(content)-end

2、ing,TPO1-19听力分类,Conversation 场景分类,Lecture 具体分类,新托福考试题型,GIST QUESTION 主旨目的题（100%）pay attention to the first sentence!（name）,什么是主旨目的题？（what？）requires the listener to understand critical vocabulary phrases or facts from several points in a text and to interpret to identify the key points of the text.Qu

3、estions that test understanding the gist may require you to generalize or synthesize information in what you hear.,提问方式：,What are the students mainly discussing?What is the main topic of the talk?What is the lecture mainly about?What is the talk mainly about?What is the main purpose of the lecture?W

4、hat is the professor mainly discussing?What problem does the man have?What are the speakers mainly discussing?What is the main topic of the lecture?What is the lecture mainly about?What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?Why does the student visit the professor?Why does the student visit

5、the registrars office?Why did the professor ask to see the student?Why does the professor explain X?,文章的主旨：Pay attention to the name of this course.The listening passage will begin like this:“Listen to part of a lecture in anastronomy class”.Listen to part of a lecture in a _class.,（1）直接展开（pay atten

6、tion to the sentences at the beginning）today we are going to be talking about Id like to begin my lecture by introducing lets focus on lets now take a look at（2）问答式展开：how are companies typically structured?Do you remember what they are?How can you understand it?Why does human being consider it impor

7、tant?Or:全文关键词总结,干扰选项特征:,Too general:an idea that is beyond the focus of the conversation or lecturetoo specific:a supporting detail instead of a main ideainaccurate:not true,or only partially true,according to the speakersirrelevant:about something that the speakers dont mention,TPO 15 Lecture 1 psy

8、chology,Lecture 1(第一句）For decades,psychologists have been looking at our ability to perform tasks while other things are going on,how we are able to keep from being distracted and what the conditions for good concentration are.心理学家一直在观察我们在进行一项活动同时旁边还有其他事情在进行的能力，我们怎样保持不被干扰，以及怎样的条件下可以集中注意。教授通过开门见山的方法，

9、告诉我们lecture的主要内容是关于集中注意的能力的研究。（接着）As long ago as 1982,researchers came up with something called the CFQ-the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire.这里讲了研究者想出的一种叫做CFQ的研究方法。由此得出，答案是D，大脑怎样处理干扰的研究。,TPO 15 Lecture 1 psychology,6.What is the lecture mainly about?A.Methods people used to eliminate distractions.(i

10、rrelevant)B.The area of the brain responsible for blocking distractions(too specific)C.The usefulness of questionnaires in assessing distractibility.(irrelevant)D.Research about how the brain deals with distractions.（research-CFQ）,TPO 19 conversation 2对话主要讲述了关于cafeteria在一些食物问题，比如用油过多，有机食物上的相关意见全文关键词

11、总结:meal plan,food,cafeteria,18.What is the conversation mainly about?Changes that will be made in food choices offered to students(too specific)Food-safety procedures followed by the cafeteria staff（irrelevant）Issues related to the cafeterias food policyCommon complaints about the food served in the

12、 cafeteria(irrelevant),DETAIL QUESTION 细节题,什么是细节题？(what?)require the listener to understand and remember explicit details or facts that are important as an explanation or an example of the main idea.These details are typically related,directly or indirectly,to the gist of the text,by providing elabo

13、ration,examples or other support.,(detail,support,example)TIPS：No inference is needed.,提问方式：What problem does the man have?According to the conversation,what are two ways in which bacteria cells get resistance genes?Why does the professor talk about Platos description of society?According to the pro

14、fessor,what is one way that X can affect Y?According to the professor,what is the main problem with the X theory?What is X?What resulted from the invention of X?,举例example,举例的具体内容、例子的作用 关注举例的上下文，说话的人为什么要举这个例子，要证明什么，表明什么观点、态度，还有例子本身说了那些内容。听标志举例的关键词，比如：For example、like、for instance、in this case、in ano

15、ther case、take the case of、on this occasion,听定义：（专有名词+definition+supporting details）,学科的专有名词（首字母代替）标志词：it refers to、that is、that means、which means、This is to say、in other words、in another words,TPO 13 lecture 1 city planning:,Now,what is a pedestrian mall?Its a pretty simple concept really,it is ess

16、entially an outdoor shopping area designed just for people on foot.Andwell,unlike many of other shopping malls that are built in suburb nowadays,these pedestrian malls are typically located in the downtown areas of the city.And there are features like white sidewalks,comfortable outdoor sitting andm

17、aybe even for tens-UNyou know art.There are variations on this model ofcourse,.,听强调,提高声调、放慢语速、前边会有停顿，最常见的还是会有标志词 e.g TPO 1 Lecture 1So when you go to the exhibit,I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting.Its a farm scene.And the most important is、This is very important、A major poi

18、nt is、The important idea is、The thing aboutis extremely important、In fact,听原因,听原因细节时，要注意什么是因，什么是果 表示前因后果：So/therefore、consequently、as a consequence、for this purpose、result in、lead to表示前果后因：Result from、stem for、originate from、spring from arise out of、it lies/is in(that)，because,TPO 13 lecture 1 city

19、planning,Business owners in the city centers or the downtown areas have experienced some financial losses,(果)because of the city movement of the people out of the city and then into suburbs.（因）,听结尾,判断结尾的部分只要看考试界面的时间条 会出现表示结尾的词，例如：To sum up、To conclude/in conclusion、In summary/to summarize。,听数字、地点、人物

20、,听听数字、地点、人物时注意他们所代表的内容、所指的内容还有有同类内容时他们的区别，具体时间段发生的事情等。,相似或者对比,表示相似的表达有：like、similar、resemblance、to resemble、similarity，表示对比的表达：in contrast with.、whereas、on the contrary、different from.、on the other hand、however、but,TPO 16 Lecture 2 Music history,16.Why does the professor discuss Clara Schumann?She i

21、nfluenced the design of the modern piano.She grew up in an environment that encouraged female musicians.Her musical talents were inherited from her parents.Her background and Robert Schumanns background were similar.细节（举例目的题），1.答案出现在lecture结尾。2.举例(理解)原文：Clara grew up to become a well-known and respe

22、cted piano virtuoso,a performer of extraordinary skill who not only gave concerts across Europe,but also was one of the first important female composers for the instrument.,PURPOSE QUESTION 功能题(切忌断章取义，回忆出现位置，并结合上下文，在情境中选),什么是功能题？（what？）the question type often involves replaying a portion of the list

23、ening passage.如何识别功能题？What does the professor imply when he says this:(reply)What can be inferred from the professors response to the student?What is the purpose of the womans response?Why does the student say this?,托福听力中的常见功能：,（1）Explanation:Simply put/Lets put in this way/I think I should/you mean

24、（2）Conclusion:now to sum/wrap up my speech（3）Suggestion:you should have done something better（4）Inspiration:come on,you are supposed to know this（5）Emphasis:please bear in mind that/Rhetorical question（6）Correcting mistake:wait a minute/I made a slip of tongue,TPO 18 Conversation 2,22.What does the

25、professor mean when she says this:Oh,well,the marketing departments pretty big.A.The student could probably find a marketing professor who has an interest in sociologyB.The students marketing professor might not be aware of the television study.C.No more students are needed to participate in the tel

26、evision study.D.The marketing department needs students for several research studies.逻辑！,原文：B:Oh,well,I have marketing and economics Monday mornings and Thursday.A:OH,you are taking the marketing class?Whos teaching it?B:Its Professor Largin-Intro to Marketing.Hr hasnt mentioned the study though.A:O

27、h,well,the marketing departments pretty big.I happen to be friends with a woman who is doing the TV study.Ok,well,we dont want you missing class.Hows Thursday?Highlight部分就是题眼。教授问学生谁教你市场课的，学生说了个人教授不认识得出结论 市场部很大。教授又说自己有个朋友正在做 TV-study,言下之意就是学生的教授也许没听说过这个study，因为市场部太大了。,4.ATTITUDE QUESTION 态度题注意说话者的语调（

28、apologetic,confused,exciting),什么是态度题？（what？）you may be asked a question about the speakers feelings,likes and dislikes,or reason for anxiety or amusement.Also included in this category are questions about a speakers degree of certainty:is the speaker referencing a source or giving a personal opinion

29、?Are the facts presented generally accepted or are they disputed?,提问方式：,What can be inferred about the student?What is the professors attitude toward?What is the professors opinion of?What can be inferred about the student when she says this:What does the woman mean when she says this:e.g TPO 19 lec

30、ture 1 Linguistic but it seems to me it probably wasnt quite like that.,托福听力中的常见态度：,（1）Awful:woops!Uh-uh!Oh,no!Oh,dear!Oh,shoot!（2）Remind:I dont think you will do/I was wondering if you will do something/I dont imagine ifyou do/you havent done something,have you?（3）Pity:what a shame/thats too bad./I

31、m sorry to hear that/tough luck（4）Eulogy:Fabulous=Fab;Magnificent=Magnif;Glamorous=Glam;Excellent;Terrific;Awesome;Amazing;Fantastic;Incredible;Outstanding;Superb;Charming;Good job（5）to the professor:Fascinating;Catching;Instructive;Stimulating Thought-provoking;（6）Surprise:Gee!Jesus!My dear!Boy!Jes

32、us Christ!Man!Oh,my God!Gosh!Oh,my!What!Dear me!（7）Tactful refuse:Sounds great,but/Sounds like fun,but/thats tempting,but/I wish I could,but/Id love to,but/Id really like to,but/I would(if I could),but/I meant to,but/I have beenmeaning to(do something),but/I should have,but,5.ORGANIZATION QUESTION 结

33、构题,什么是结构题？（what？）in understanding organization questions you may be asked about the overall organization of the listening passage,or you may be asked about the relationship between two portions of the listening passage.,题型：,（1）配对表格题：重要信息对号入座，侧重于考察多个时间、地点、人物、事件的对应段落中（TPO 13 lecture 3 Poetry）主要论点下的各分支及各分支定义和主要特点（2）判断表格题：侧重于考察哪些信息提到没提到（注意记录文中列举的主要观点举例）（TPO 16 lecture 1 Biology）（3）排序表格题：侧重于考察对过程步骤地把握（