托福听力技巧分析.ppt
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托福听力,围绕：
新托福考试听力部分介绍新托福考试题型问题及建议,新托福考试听力部分介绍,题量，时间,评分标准,1.当问题的分值是1分时，所有的项目都要回答正确，这一题才算是拿到了全部分值。
2.当问题的分值是2分时，比如，四选三的题目，必须全部答对才能得到所有分值；选对2个，可得到1个分值。
3.新托福听力以单选题为主，多选题和表格题为辅。
CONVERSATION文章思路框架,raisetheproblem-analyzetheproblem-solvetheproblem,LECTURE文章思路框架,beginning-wayofteaching（content）-ending,TPO1-19听力分类,Conversation场景分类,Lecture具体分类,新托福考试题型,GISTQUESTION主旨目的题（100%）payattentiontothefirstsentence!
（name）,什么是主旨目的题？
（what？
）requiresthelistenertounderstandcriticalvocabularyphrasesorfactsfromseveralpointsinatextandtointerprettoidentifythekeypointsofthetext.Questionsthattestunderstandingthegistmayrequireyoutogeneralizeorsynthesizeinformationinwhatyouhear.,提问方式：
Whatarethestudentsmainlydiscussing?
Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?
Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?
Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?
Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?
Whatistheprofessormainlydiscussing?
Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?
Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?
Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?
Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?
WhataspectofXdoestheprofessormainlydiscuss?
Whydoesthestudentvisittheprofessor?
Whydoesthestudentvisittheregistrarsoffice?
Whydidtheprofessorasktoseethestudent?
WhydoestheprofessorexplainX?
文章的主旨：
Payattentiontothenameofthiscourse.Thelisteningpassagewillbeginlikethis:
“Listentopartofalectureinanastronomyclass”.Listentopartofalectureina_class.,
（1）直接展开（payattentiontothesentencesatthebeginning）todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutIdliketobeginmylecturebyintroducingletsfocusonletsnowtakealookat
（2）问答式展开：
howarecompaniestypicallystructured?
Doyourememberwhattheyare?
Howcanyouunderstandit?
Whydoeshumanbeingconsideritimportant?
Or:
全文关键词总结,干扰选项特征:
Toogeneral:
anideathatisbeyondthefocusoftheconversationorlecturetoospecific:
asupportingdetailinsteadofamainideainaccurate:
nottrue,oronlypartiallytrue,accordingtothespeakersirrelevant:
aboutsomethingthatthespeakersdontmention,TPO15Lecture1psychology,Lecture1（第一句）Fordecades,psychologistshavebeenlookingatourabilitytoperformtaskswhileotherthingsaregoingon,howweareabletokeepfrombeingdistractedandwhattheconditionsforgoodconcentrationare.心理学家一直在观察我们在进行一项活动同时旁边还有其他事情在进行的能力，我们怎样保持不被干扰，以及怎样的条件下可以集中注意。
教授通过开门见山的方法，告诉我们lecture的主要内容是关于集中注意的能力的研究。
（接着）Aslongagoas1982,researcherscameupwithsomethingcalledtheCFQ-theCognitiveFailuresQuestionnaire.这里讲了研究者想出的一种叫做CFQ的研究方法。
由此得出，答案是D，大脑怎样处理干扰的研究。
TPO15Lecture1psychology,6.Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?
A.Methodspeopleusedtoeliminatedistractions.（irrelevant）B.Theareaofthebrainresponsibleforblockingdistractions（toospecific）C.Theusefulnessofquestionnairesinassessingdistractibility.（irrelevant）D.Researchabouthowthebraindealswithdistractions.（research-CFQ）,TPO19conversation2对话主要讲述了关于cafeteria在一些食物问题，比如用油过多，有机食物上的相关意见全文关键词总结:
mealplan,food,cafeteria,18.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?
Changesthatwillbemadeinfoodchoicesofferedtostudents（toospecific）Food-safetyproceduresfollowedbythecafeteriastaff（irrelevant）IssuesrelatedtothecafeteriasfoodpolicyCommoncomplaintsaboutthefoodservedinthecafeteria（irrelevant）,DETAILQUESTION细节题,什么是细节题？
（what?
）requirethelistenertounderstandandrememberexplicitdetailsorfactsthatareimportantasanexplanationoranexampleofthemainidea.Thesedetailsaretypicallyrelated,directlyorindirectly,tothegistofthetext,byprovidingelaboration,examplesorothersupport.,（detail,support,example）TIPS：
Noinferenceisneeded.,提问方式：
Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?
Accordingtotheconversation,whataretwowaysinwhichbacteriacellsgetresistancegenes?
WhydoestheprofessortalkaboutPlatosdescriptionofsociety?
Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisonewaythatXcanaffectY?
Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisthemainproblemwiththeXtheory?
WhatisX?
WhatresultedfromtheinventionofX?
举例example,举例的具体内容、例子的作用关注举例的上下文，说话的人为什么要举这个例子，要证明什么，表明什么观点、态度，还有例子本身说了那些内容。
听标志举例的关键词，比如：
Forexample、like、forinstance、inthiscase、inanothercase、takethecaseof、onthisoccasion,听定义：
（专有名词+definition+supportingdetails）,学科的专有名词（首字母代替）标志词：
itrefersto、thatis、thatmeans、whichmeans、Thisistosay、inotherwords、inanotherwords,TPO13lecture1cityplanning:
Now,whatisapedestrianmall?
Itsaprettysimpleconceptreally,itisessentiallyanoutdoorshoppingareadesignedjustforpeopleonfoot.Andwell,unlikemanyofothershoppingmallsthatarebuiltinsuburbnowadays,thesepedestrianmallsaretypicallylocatedinthedowntownareasofthecity.Andtherearefeatureslikewhitesidewalks,comfortableoutdoorsittingandmaybeevenfortens-UNyouknowart.Therearevariationsonthismodelofcourse,.,听强调,提高声调、放慢语速、前边会有停顿，最常见的还是会有标志词e.gTPO1Lecture1Sowhenyougototheexhibit,Ireallywantyoutotakeacloselookatacertainpainting.Itsafarmscene.Andthemostimportantis、Thisisveryimportant、Amajorpointis、Theimportantideais、Thethingaboutisextremelyimportant、Infact,听原因,听原因细节时，要注意什么是因，什么是果表示前因后果：
So/therefore、consequently、asaconsequence、forthispurpose、resultin、leadto表示前果后因：
Resultfrom、stemfor、originatefrom、springfromariseoutof、itlies/isin（that），because,TPO13lecture1cityplanning,Businessownersinthecitycentersorthedowntownareashaveexperiencedsomefinanciallosses,（果）becauseofthecitymovementofthepeopleoutofthecityandthenintosuburbs.（因）,听结尾,判断结尾的部分只要看考试界面的时间条会出现表示结尾的词，例如：
Tosumup、Toconclude/inconclusion、Insummary/tosummarize。
听数字、地点、人物,听听数字、地点、人物时注意他们所代表的内容、所指的内容还有有同类内容时他们的区别，具体时间段发生的事情等。
相似或者对比,表示相似的表达有：
like、similar、resemblance、toresemble、similarity，表示对比的表达：
incontrastwith.、whereas、onthecontrary、differentfrom.、ontheotherhand、however、but,TPO16Lecture2Musichistory,16.WhydoestheprofessordiscussClaraSchumann?
Sheinfluencedthedesignofthemodernpiano.Shegrewupinanenvironmentthatencouragedfemalemusicians.Hermusicaltalentswereinheritedfromherparents.HerbackgroundandRobertSchumannsbackgroundweresimilar.细节（举例目的题），1.答案出现在lecture结尾。
2.举例（理解）原文：
Claragrewuptobecomeawell-knownandrespectedpianovirtuoso,aperformerofextraordinaryskillwhonotonlygaveconcertsacrossEurope,butalsowasoneofthefirstimportantfemalecomposersfortheinstrument.,PURPOSEQUESTION功能题（切忌断章取义，回忆出现位置，并结合上下文，在情境中选）,什么是功能题？
（what？
）thequestiontypeofteninvolvesreplayingaportionofthelisteningpassage.如何识别功能题？
Whatdoestheprofessorimplywhenhesaysthis:
（reply）Whatcanbeinferredfromtheprofessorsresponsetothestudent?
Whatisthepurposeofthewomansresponse?
Whydoesthestudentsaythis?
托福听力中的常见功能：
（1）Explanation:
Simplyput/Letsputinthisway/IthinkIshould/youmean
（2）Conclusion:
nowtosum/wrapupmyspeech（3）Suggestion:
youshouldhavedonesomethingbetter（4）Inspiration:
comeon,youaresupposedtoknowthis（5）Emphasis:
pleasebearinmindthat/Rhetoricalquestion（6）Correctingmistake:
waitaminute/Imadeaslipoftongue,TPO18Conversation2,22.Whatdoestheprofessormeanwhenshesaysthis:
Oh,well,themarketingdepartmentsprettybig.A.ThestudentcouldprobablyfindamarketingprofessorwhohasaninterestinsociologyB.Thestudentsmarketingprofessormightnotbeawareofthetelevisionstudy.C.Nomorestudentsareneededtoparticipateinthetelevisionstudy.D.Themarketingdepartmentneedsstudentsforseveralresearchstudies.逻辑！
原文：
B:
Oh,well,IhavemarketingandeconomicsMondaymorningsandThursday.A:
OH,youaretakingthemarketingclass?
Whosteachingit?
B:
ItsProfessorLargin-IntrotoMarketing.Hrhasntmentionedthestudythough.A:
Oh,well,themarketingdepartmentsprettybig.IhappentobefriendswithawomanwhoisdoingtheTVstudy.Ok,well,wedontwantyoumissingclass.HowsThursday?
Highlight部分就是题眼。
教授问学生谁教你市场课的，学生说了个人教授不认识得出结论市场部很大。
教授又说自己有个朋友正在做TV-study,言下之意就是学生的教授也许没听说过这个study，因为市场部太大了。
4.ATTITUDEQUESTION态度题注意说话者的语调（apologetic,confused,exciting）,什么是态度题？
（what？
）youmaybeaskedaquestionaboutthespeakersfeelings,likesanddislikes,orreasonforanxietyoramusement.Alsoincludedinthiscategoryarequestionsaboutaspeakersdegreeofcertainty:
isthespeakerreferencingasourceorgivingapersonalopinion?
Arethefactspresentedgenerallyacceptedoraretheydisputed?
提问方式：
Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudent?
Whatistheprofessorsattitudetoward?
Whatistheprofessorsopinionof?
Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudentwhenshesaysthis:
Whatdoesthewomanmeanwhenshesaysthis:
e.gTPO19lecture1Linguisticbutitseemstomeitprobablywasntquitelikethat.,托福听力中的常见态度：
（1）Awful:
woops!
Uh-uh!
Oh,no!
Oh,dear!
Oh,shoot!
（2）Remind:
Idontthinkyouwilldo/Iwaswonderingifyouwilldosomething/Idontimagineifyoudo/youhaventdonesomething,haveyou?
（3）Pity:
whatashame/thatstoobad./Imsorrytohearthat/toughluck（4）Eulogy:
Fabulous=Fab;Magnificent=Magnif;Glamorous=Glam;Excellent;Terrific;Awesome;Amazing;Fantastic;Incredible;Outstanding;Superb;Charming;Goodjob（5）totheprofessor:
Fascinating;Catching;Instructive;StimulatingThought-provoking;（6）Surprise:
Gee!
Jesus!
Mydear!
Boy!
JesusChrist!
Man!
Oh,myGod!
Gosh!
Oh,my!
What!
Dearme!
（7）Tactfulrefuse:
Soundsgreat,but/Soundslikefun,but/thatstempting,but/IwishIcould,but/Idloveto,but/Idreallyliketo,but/Iwould（ifIcould）,but/Imeantto,but/Ihavebeenmeaningto（dosomething）,but/Ishouldhave,but,5.ORGANIZATIONQUESTION结构题,什么是结构题？
（what？
）inunderstandingorganizationquestionsyoumaybeaskedabouttheoverallorganizationofthelisteningpassage,oryoumaybeaskedabouttherelationshipbetweentwoportionsofthelisteningpassage.,题型：
（1）配对表格题：
重要信息对号入座，侧重于考察多个时间、地点、人物、事件的对应段落中（TPO13lecture3Poetry）主要论点下的各分支及各分支定义和主要特点
（2）判断表格题：
侧重于考察哪些信息提到没提到（注意记录文中列举的主要观点举例）（TPO16lecture1Biology）（3）排序表格题：
侧重于考察对过程步骤地把握（
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