锤炼句子---提高英语写作能力的基本之路.ppt

1、锤炼句子,写好句子,1.熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。我们知道，单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础，然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的，耗时费力不说，拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语，很不地道。因此，考生平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”，并会活用。写句子要注意以下几点：（1）主谓要一致；（2）正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气；（3）名词的格要与代词的格一致；（4）句子结构成分完整，特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。(5)一个句子一个重心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。(6)句子开头首字母要大字，句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。,二、高考英语写作高分秘诀,1句式要有变化 复杂句、并列句 倒装句（

2、1）虚拟语气中if省略；（2）only+状语置于句首（3）否定词置于句首（4）地点副词置于句首 强调句型 It is that(who)非谓语动词。虚拟语气 固定句型结构 tooto sothat such athat not onlybut also neithernor such as not until so that eitheror 直接引语与间接引语 多种时态，动名词、不定式，并列结构,1、改变句子的开头方式,句子不要一味都用主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词作状语等。试比较：,The other day my brother and I w

3、ent to the cinema by bicycle.,1).My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day.,2).The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.,Hearing the bad news,the young man couldnt help crying.,2、在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式。,在一篇文章中,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。,It is the dog that has s

4、aved my little sister bravely.,A.强调句,The dog has saved my little sister bravely.,强调句,It is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+其余部分,1.强调句可强调主语，宾语，状语等。,2.引导词that/who,3.be动词:is,was,注 意,1.当被强调部分指人时，可用that，也可用who；指物时，只用that,It was Tom（）I met last week.It is a new book()his brother wants to buy.,2.强调状语时,It is at 5 oclo

5、ck()the train will arrive.It was in the park()I saw Kate last week.,who(that),that,that(不用when),that(不用where),只用that,不用when,where.,注 意,3.被强调的部分是主语时，注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如：It is he who _ late.It is they that _ late.,4.一般疑问句的强调句为如：He will leave for Hong Kong at 7:00.,is,are,It is at 7:00 that he will

6、leave for Hong Kong,Is it at 7:00 that he will leave for Hong Kong?,Is(was)it+强调部分+that?,特殊疑问句形式。句式结构：例_ is it _has made Peter success?A.What;that;B.That;what;C.What;what;D.That;that;,特殊疑问词+is/was it that？,依此为据扩展开来可为：,简析：It is determination that has made Peter success.,What is it that has made Peter

7、 success.,依此为据扩展开来可为：1How is it that she turned down our help?什么原因使得？2Where was it that you met Tom yesterday?究竟在哪？3When was it that you met him in the park?究竟何时？5Who was it that that came up with the bright idea?究竟是谁？6Which book is it that you want to buy?究竟是哪一本书？7Whose umbrella was it that you too

8、k away?到底是谁的伞？,注 意,5.“notuntil”句型的强调结构为 如：,I didnt finish my homework until 5:00.,It was not until 5:00 that I finished my homework.,It was not until he graduated from high school that he realized his mistakes.,He didnt realize his mistakes until he graduated from high school.,“It is/was not untilth

9、at”,注 意,6.区分从句和强调句型比较：It was in the river that he often swam.It was in the river where he often swam.It was the river where he often swam.,强调句型,地点状语从句,定语从句,It was in the evening that the soldiers arrived at the small village.It was evening when the soldiers arrived at the small village.,强调句,时间状语从句,7

10、、在强调句型中考察主谓一致与比较结构。1It was not luck but difficulties that him success.A.makes B.make2Personally I think it is the sales manager,rather than the sales girls,who_ to blame.A.is B.are 句式结构为：It is/was notbutthat;不是而是（that后的动词与 后的名词或代词保持一致）It is/was rather than that;是而不是(that后的动词应与rather than 的名词或代词保持一致)

11、,but,前面,8、强调句型中含有名词性从句。句式结构为:整个强调句型用作名词性从句;Ive already forgotten _you put the dictionary.A.that it was there B.where was it thatC.that where it was D.where it was that,强调句型中含有：It was at the very beginning _Mr.Fox made the decision _ we should send more firefighters there.A.when;which B.where;what C.

12、then;so D.that;that,简析：本题答案为D。第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。,同位语从句,强调句型中含有定语从句。,1 It was in the small house _was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood.A.which;that B.that;where C.which;which D.that;which,2 It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty

13、 of time that he ought to have spent doing his lessons.,简析：第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导定语从句。,强调句型中含有状语从句。It was because he was ill that he didnt come.It was since she came here that she began to crying.It is when he found a mouse that he realized it was a dirty room.,被强调的部分是原因，时间，等状语从句。,高考题回放,1.It i

14、s the ability to do the job _matters,not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.it,2.It was only when I reread his poems recently_ I began to appreciate their beauty.A.until B.that C.then D.so,3.It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A.t

15、hat B.until C.before D.when,4.It was because of bad weather_the football match had to be put off.(2003)A.so B.so that C.why D.that,视听的时候,只听其音量,不要试图听明白其内容.,1.他告诉我正是因为他上课迟到才受到惩罚的。2.他们的计划失败的原因是因为缺钱，而不是没有努力。3.她是在知道事情真相后才意识到错怪女儿了。,It was not until he knew the truth that she realized she had misunderstood

16、 her daughter.,It was lack of money not of effort that defeated their plan.,He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.,What we had to do was to stand there，trying to catch the offender.,B.主从复合句,We had to stand there to catch the offender.,The driver escaped without st

17、opping，leaving the old man lying on the road.,C.分词短语，由with或without引导的短语,The driver escaped and didnt stop，he left the old man lying on the road.,D.倒装结构,倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面；在部分倒装的句子中，只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下：,一、当as引导让步状语从句时，可以把表语提到前面来，采用“形容词（

18、或副词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”这种形式，如：Old as my father is,he keeps up with his English study.Child as he is,he knows something of electricity.Tired as he was,he continued to work.Young as she was,she was already director of a factory.,二、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，其后面的主语部分要进行倒装，如：Only in this way can you hope to im

19、prove the situation there.Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only once did his father discuss his future with him.Only yesterday did I realize what was going on.Only after he came back was I able to see him.注：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：Only socialism can save China.,三、含有否定意义的副词、连词或短语构成的状语放在句首时，常用倒装语序。这

20、些词和词组有：not,never,hardly,seldom,little,rarely,scarcely,not until,not onlybut also,neithernor,no soonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen等，例如：Never shall I forget the day when I joined the League.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.Not only did he read the book,but also rememb

21、ered what he had read.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.Hardly/Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.注：上面所说的词和词组如果不在句首，句子不必用倒装语序。另外，not onlybut also连接两个主语时，不用倒装，如：Not only the students,but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.,He stopped us an hour ago a

22、nd made us catch the next offender.,E.通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力,1.He stop us an hour ago.He made us catch the next offender.,2.We had a short rest.Then we began to play happily.We sang and danced.,After a short rest,we had great fun singing and dancing.,F、学会使用恰当的关联词：,1.表示平行、对等或选择关系,and，bothand,as well as

23、,together with,neithernor,also,not onlybut also,eitheror,as well.,2.表示转折关系,but,yet,however,nevertheless(然而),in spite of,although,otherwise,while,after all.,3.表示对比关系,4.表示因果关系,on the contrary,instead of,on one handon the other hand,just like,unlike,in the same way,at the same time,so,for,therefore,as

24、a result(of),because,owing to,due to,thanks to,on account(理由)of.,5.表示时间、顺序关系,6.表示递进、强调关系,shortly afterwards,first/firstly/to begin with,second,then,next,finally,for one thing,for another,in the end,eventually(最后,终于)as soon as,besides,furthermore(此外),in addition,whats more/worse/better,moreover(而且),w

25、orse still,to make matters worse,indeed,certainly,surely,above all,7.总结的连词,in short,in brief,in a word,in general,as you know,as far as I am concernedon the whole,to sum up,一.复杂结构:1.使用适当的时态 2.适当的语态3.使用不定式 4.使用过去分词5.使用V.+ing形式 6.使用名词性从句 7.使用状语从句 8.使用定语从句9.使用虚拟语气10.使用强调句,倒装句,感叹句 11.使用并列句,写作中怎样使用复杂结构,E

26、arly in the morning,we met.,试改变下列句子,使之变化多样,生动有力,We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.,Weak as I am,I will make the effort.,Although I am weak,I will make the effort.,Singing and laughing,they went back to school.,They sang and laughed as they went back to school.,He left without saying goodbye.,e left and didnt say good-bye.,Open,and you.,病句:Open the door,you can see a bed on your left.,If you open,you.,Hearing the news,I was shocked.,病句:Hear the news,I was shocked.,I was shocked at the news.,