锤炼句子---提高英语写作能力的基本之路.ppt
《锤炼句子---提高英语写作能力的基本之路.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《锤炼句子---提高英语写作能力的基本之路.ppt(40页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
锤炼句子,写好句子,1.熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。
我们知道,单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础,然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的,耗时费力不说,拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语,很不地道。
因此,考生平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”,并会活用。
写句子要注意以下几点:
(1)主谓要一致;
(2)正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气;(3)名词的格要与代词的格一致;(4)句子结构成分完整,特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。
(5)一个句子一个重心,句意清楚,合乎逻辑。
(6)句子开头首字母要大字,句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。
二、高考英语写作高分秘诀,1句式要有变化复杂句、并列句倒装句
(1)虚拟语气中if省略;
(2)only+状语置于句首(3)否定词置于句首(4)地点副词置于句首强调句型Itisthat(who)非谓语动词。
虚拟语气固定句型结构tootosothatsuchathatnotonlybutalsoneithernorsuchasnotuntilsothateitheror直接引语与间接引语多种时态,动名词、不定式,并列结构,1、改变句子的开头方式,句子不要一味都用主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。
可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。
试比较:
TheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.,1).MybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycletheotherday.,2).Theyoungmancouldnthelpcryingwhenheheardthebadnews.,Hearingthebadnews,theyoungmancouldnthelpcrying.,2、在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式。
在一篇文章中,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。
Itisthedogthathassavedmylittlesisterbravely.,A.强调句,Thedoghassavedmylittlesisterbravely.,强调句,Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+其余部分,1.强调句可强调主语,宾语,状语等。
2.引导词that/who,3.be动词:
is,was,注意,1.当被强调部分指人时,可用that,也可用who;指物时,只用that,ItwasTom()Imetlastweek.Itisanewbook()hisbrotherwantstobuy.,2.强调状语时,Itisat5oclock()thetrainwillarrive.Itwasinthepark()IsawKatelastweek.,who(that),that,that(不用when),that(不用where),只用that,不用when,where.,注意,3.被强调的部分是主语时,注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。
如:
Itishewho_late.Itistheythat_late.,4.一般疑问句的强调句为如:
HewillleaveforHongKongat7:
00.,is,are,Itisat7:
00thathewillleaveforHongKong,Isitat7:
00thathewillleaveforHongKong?
Is(was)it+强调部分+that?
特殊疑问句形式。
句式结构:
例_isit_hasmadePetersuccess?
A.What;that;B.That;what;C.What;what;D.That;that;,特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat?
依此为据扩展开来可为:
简析:
ItisdeterminationthathasmadePetersuccess.,WhatisitthathasmadePetersuccess.,依此为据扩展开来可为:
1Howisitthatsheturneddownourhelp?
什么原因使得?
2WherewasitthatyoumetTomyesterday?
究竟在哪?
3Whenwasitthatyoumethiminthepark?
究竟何时?
5Whowasitthatthatcameupwiththebrightidea?
究竟是谁?
6Whichbookisitthatyouwanttobuy?
究竟是哪一本书?
7Whoseumbrellawasitthatyoutookaway?
到底是谁的伞?
注意,5.“notuntil”句型的强调结构为如:
Ididntfinishmyhomeworkuntil5:
00.,Itwasnotuntil5:
00thatIfinishedmyhomework.,Itwasnotuntilhegraduatedfromhighschoolthatherealizedhismistakes.,Hedidntrealizehismistakesuntilhegraduatedfromhighschool.,“Itis/wasnotuntilthat”,注意,6.区分从句和强调句型比较:
Itwasintheriverthatheoftenswam.Itwasintheriverwhereheoftenswam.Itwastheriverwhereheoftenswam.,强调句型,地点状语从句,定语从句,Itwasintheeveningthatthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallvillage.Itwaseveningwhenthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallvillage.,强调句,时间状语从句,7、在强调句型中考察主谓一致与比较结构。
1Itwasnotluckbutdifficultiesthathimsuccess.A.makesB.make2PersonallyIthinkitisthesalesmanager,ratherthanthesalesgirls,who_toblame.A.isB.are句式结构为:
Itis/wasnotbutthat;不是而是(that后的动词与后的名词或代词保持一致)Itis/wasratherthanthat;是而不是(that后的动词应与ratherthan的名词或代词保持一致),but,前面,8、强调句型中含有名词性从句。
句式结构为:
整个强调句型用作名词性从句;Ivealreadyforgotten_youputthedictionary.A.thatitwasthereB.wherewasitthatC.thatwhereitwasD.whereitwasthat,强调句型中含有:
Itwasattheverybeginning_Mr.Foxmadethedecision_weshouldsendmorefirefightersthere.A.when;whichB.where;whatC.then;soD.that;that,简析:
本题答案为D。
第一个that为强调句型中的that;第二个that引导同位语从句,说明thedecision的内容。
同位语从句,强调句型中含有定语从句。
1Itwasinthesmallhouse_wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whereC.which;whichD.that;which,2Itwasplayingcomputergamesthatcosttheboyplentyoftimethatheoughttohavespentdoinghislessons.,简析:
第一个that为强调句型中的that;第二个that引导定语从句。
强调句型中含有状语从句。
Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidntcome.Itwassinceshecameherethatshebegantocrying.Itiswhenhefoundamousethatherealizeditwasadirtyroom.,被强调的部分是原因,时间,等状语从句。
高考题回放,1.Itistheabilitytodothejob_matters,notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it,2.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so,3.Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when,4.Itwasbecauseofbadweather_thefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.(2003)A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that,视听的时候,只听其音量,不要试图听明白其内容.,1.他告诉我正是因为他上课迟到才受到惩罚的。
2.他们的计划失败的原因是因为缺钱,而不是没有努力。
3.她是在知道事情真相后才意识到错怪女儿了。
Itwasnotuntilheknewthetruththatsherealizedshehadmisunderstoodherdaughter.,Itwaslackofmoneynotofeffortthatdefeatedtheirplan.,Hetoldmethatitwasbecausehewaslateforclassthathewaspunished.,Whatwehadtodowastostandthere,tryingtocatchtheoffender.,B.主从复合句,Wehadtostandtheretocatchtheoffender.,Thedriverescapedwithoutstopping,leavingtheoldmanlyingontheroad.,C.分词短语,由with或without引导的短语,Thedriverescapedanddidntstop,helefttheoldmanlyingontheroad.,D.倒装结构,倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。
在全部倒装的句子中,整个谓语都放在主语的前面;在部分倒装的句子中,只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等)放在主语前面,其余部分仍放在主语后面。
下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下:
一、当as引导让步状语从句时,可以把表语提到前面来,采用“形容词(或副词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”这种形式,如:
Oldasmyfatheris,hekeepsupwithhisEnglishstudy.Childasheis,heknowssomethingofelectricity.Tiredashewas,hecontinuedtowork.Youngasshewas,shewasalreadydirectorofafactory.,二、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,其后面的主语部分要进行倒装,如:
Onlyinthiswaycanyouhopetoimprovethesituationthere.OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.Onlyoncedidhisfatherdiscusshisfuturewithhim.OnlyyesterdaydidIrealizewhatwasgoingon.OnlyafterhecamebackwasIabletoseehim.注:
only修饰主语,仍用自然语序,如:
OnlysocialismcansaveChina.,三、含有否定意义的副词、连词或短语构成的状语放在句首时,常用倒装语序。
这些词和词组有:
not,never,hardly,seldom,little,rarely,scarcely,notuntil,notonlybutalso,neithernor,nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen等,例如:
NevershallIforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.Notonlydidhereadthebook,butalsorememberedwhathehadread.Nosoonerhadhearrivedtherethanhefellill.Hardly/Scarcelyhadshefallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorawakenedher.注:
上面所说的词和词组如果不在句首,句子不必用倒装语序。
另外,notonlybutalso连接两个主语时,不用倒装,如:
Notonlythestudents,butalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.,Hestoppedusanhouragoandmadeuscatchthenextoffender.,E.通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力,1.Hestopusanhourago.Hemadeuscatchthenextoffender.,2.Wehadashortrest.Thenwebegantoplayhappily.Wesanganddanced.,Afterashortrest,wehadgreatfunsinginganddancing.,F、学会使用恰当的关联词:
1.表示平行、对等或选择关系,and,bothand,aswellas,togetherwith,neithernor,also,notonlybutalso,eitheror,aswell.,2.表示转折关系,but,yet,however,nevertheless(然而),inspiteof,although,otherwise,while,afterall.,3.表示对比关系,4.表示因果关系,onthecontrary,insteadof,ononehandontheotherhand,justlike,unlike,inthesameway,atthesametime,so,for,therefore,asaresult(of),because,owingto,dueto,thanksto,onaccount(理由)of.,5.表示时间、顺序关系,6.表示递进、强调关系,shortlyafterwards,first/firstly/tobeginwith,second,then,next,finally,foronething,foranother,intheend,eventually(最后,终于)assoonas,besides,furthermore(此外),inaddition,whatsmore/worse/better,moreover(而且),worsestill,tomakemattersworse,indeed,certainly,surely,aboveall,7.总结的连词,inshort,inbrief,inaword,ingeneral,asyouknow,asfarasIamconcernedonthewhole,tosumup,一.复杂结构:
1.使用适当的时态2.适当的语态3.使用不定式4.使用过去分词5.使用V.+ing形式6.使用名词性从句7.使用状语从句8.使用定语从句9.使用虚拟语气10.使用强调句,倒装句,感叹句11.使用并列句,写作中怎样使用复杂结构,Earlyinthemorning,wemet.,试改变下列句子,使之变化多样,生动有力,Wemetattheschoolgateandwenttheretogetherearlyinthemorning.,WeakasIam,Iwillmaketheeffort.,AlthoughIamweak,Iwillmaketheeffort.,Singingandlaughing,theywentbacktoschool.,Theysangandlaughedastheywentbacktoschool.,Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.,eleftanddidntsaygood-bye.,Open,andyou.,病句:
Openthedoor,youcanseeabedonyourleft.,Ifyouopen,you.,Hearingthenews,Iwasshocked.,病句:
Hearthenews,Iwasshocked.,Iwasshockedatthenews.,