牛津上海版中考英语专题复习3介词感叹句阅读D学案Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、Have you read any novel written by Lu Xun？你读过鲁迅写的小说吗？ （2）靠、用、通过（手段、方法）Do you want to send this letter by air mail or by ordinary mail？ 你是想航空邮寄还是普通邮寄这封信？ （3）乘（交通工具）I will go there by bus,then on foot.我将乘公共汽车然后步行七那儿。5）for （1）表示目的Can you make a cake for me，mum？妈妈，你能为我买个蛋糕吗？ （2）表示原因He did it for two rea

2、sons.他做出这件事出于两个原因。 （3）对而言，表示对象It is necessary for the students to go to school on time.对学生来说按时到校是必要的。 （4）要求得到They often go to their teachers for advice.他们经常去向老师求教。6）from （1）从，来自This present is from my friend.这份礼物是我朋友送我的。 （2）用制造（组成）（看不出原材料）Wine is made from grapes.红酒是由葡萄酿制的。7）in （1）用语言；用原材料We must wr

3、ite the essay in English我们必须用英语写论文。 He likes signing his name in blue ink他喜欢用蓝墨水签名。 （2）表示衣着The lady in red is Miss Wang.穿红衣服的这位女士是王老师。 （3）以形式；以方式In this way he has worked out two maths problems. 他用这种方式已经做出两道数学难题。8） like像、似（一样）。You must never do things like that你必须永远不再做那样的事。9） of （1）的Whats the popula

4、tion of China? 中国的人口有多少？ （2）表示年龄When she wrote the book, she was only a girl of fifteen她写这本书时年仅15岁。 （3）中最突出的Of all the subjects,I like maths best所有的学科中，我最喜欢数学。 （4）表示数量和种类A group of boys were playing football in the playground. 一群男孩正在操场上踢足球。 （5）用制造（组成）（看得出原材料）Our desks and chairs are made of wood我们的桌

5、椅是木头做的。10） on （1）通过There will lie a tennis match on Channel 8 tonight今晚八频道将有一场网球赛。 （2）去路上 On his way home, he met his old friend在回家路上，他遇见了他的老朋友。 （3）处于情况（状态）中The house is on fire这房子着火了。 （4）关于He will write a book on the history of Beijing他将写一本关于北京历史的书。11） to （1）表示对象I rose and passed the plate to him.

6、我起身把盘子给他。 （2）致使，表示结果To their joy, they won a prize in the contest. 在竞赛中获奖，使他们很高兴12） with （1）表示共同关系：和；和一起I invited him to have dinner with me.我邀请他和我一起吃饭。 （2）表示工具、手段等；用；被The boy cut the wood with a knife.男孩用刀刻木头。 （3）表示从属关系：具有、带有；在身边The Wright brothers invented the first plane with an engine. 莱特兄弟发明了第一

7、架带发动机的飞机。 （4）表示原因：因为、由于With his help, I passed the test.在他的帮助下，我通过了测验。13）without没有、不You cant go in without a ticket.没有票你不能进去。5.形容词与介词的搭配 be famous for以出名 be pleased with对满意 be interested in对感兴趣 be angry with对生气 be late for迟到 be ready for对做好了准备 be good at擅长于 be proud of为感到自豪 be busy with忙于 be surpris

8、ed at对感到惊讶6.动词与介词的搭配 agree with同意某人意见 enter for报名参加 help sb. with帮助某人 operate on给某人动手术 worry about为担忧 point at指着 clearfrom清除 run after追赶 pay for付钱买 belong to属于 protectfrom保护 preferto宁可；更喜欢7.惯用词组中的介词 notat all一点也不 in fact事实上 in all总共 （all）by oneself独自 by the way顺便 at the moment此刻 in a hurry匆忙地 in cha

9、rge of负责 in no time很快 from time to time不时地 in time及时 on time准时8.学习建议：（1）介词的用法庞杂，学习时要抓住其要害：弄清句子意思、句子结构，分析介词在句子中的成分；（2）掌握大量介词短语与固定搭配对解题是非常有益处的；（3）巧用图示例法：对于一些表示方位的介词，可以借助图示例进行学习；（4）巧计时间名词前介词的用法，如下顺口溜：年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行；遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in；要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行；正午夜晚用at，黎明用它也不错；at也在钟点前，说“差”用to，past表示“过”；多说多练牢牢记，

10、莫让岁月空蹉跎。【例题精讲】例1.The giraffe is a tall animal a long neck.A. onB. ofC. withD. around例2.Many students ask the Language Doctor _some advice and it is really helpful.B. forC. toD. with例3.Dalian is in the north of China_5.9 million people.A. orB. soC. and例4.The students have about twenty days _ for Spri

11、ng Festival every year.B. outC. inD. off【课堂练习】1.-Do you know the girl over there _?-It is said that its selfish _her to think only_ herself.A. much, for, ofB. well, for, aboutC. nice, of, overD. well, of, of2.-Would you like some coffee or milk?-No,thanks. I would rather drink tea _milk in itA. that

12、B. asC. than3.Mr. James wasnt competitive at all, and it was not long_Ms firm went bankrupt.A. afterB. when C. untilD. before4. Many women in China would like to be dressed _ red_ their wedding day.A. in;in B. in;on C. on;D. on;in5.-Who would you choose as your best friend?-Id choose Simon.Hes willi

13、ng to help others_ need_their Maths.A. for;withC. with;forD. to;/二.感叹句1.感叹句的概念感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。2.感叹句的基本句型【句型一】What + （a / an） + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！What a clever boy he is! （他是个）多么聪明的男孩啊！What an interesting story it is! （这是个）多么有趣的故事啊！What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！What beautifu

14、l flowers they are! （它们是）多么漂亮的花啊！【说明】在感叹句中，What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用 what a / an，如：What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊！What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊！What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一

15、顿早餐啊！【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！How well you look! 你气色真好!How kind you are! 你心肠真好!How beatifully you sing! 你唱得真好听!Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊！【说明】how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。如：How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊！How she dances! 她跳得多好啊！3.

16、感叹句解题方法（一）一找，二断，三辨，四确定构成感叹句的感叹词有两个：what和how，其基本结构是：1）What名词陈述肯定式：2）How形容词（或副词）陈述肯定式很多初学者常常对该用what还是该用how弄不清楚。_cold water this is！AHow BWhat_cold it is！AWhat BHow如果我们采取“一找二断三辨四确定”的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感叹词。“一找”即先找出句中的主语。“二断”就是在句中的名词（形容词、副词等）与代词（或名词）之间断开。例如上面第一句应在water与this中断开（因this是指示代词），断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性，也就是所谓“三

17、辨”，句中断线前的词是water，而water是名词。第四步，就可迅速确定如果是名词就选what。所以第一例句就选B。用这个方法我们会对上面第二个例句作出如下判断：_coldit is！断开线，其前cold是形容词，故应填How。上面两个例句是最基本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法，即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过还要注意，如果断开后，断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词，千万别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词a（an）。例如：_nice present it is！CHow DWhat a用上述方法，从present与it之间断开，断线前present是名词，且为单数可数名词，nice又以辅

18、音开头，故选D。4.感叹句解题技巧（二）“断找去添改”五步法若把一个陈述句变为感叹句，可以采取这“五步法”。The picture is very beautiful断：在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开：The picture isvery beautiful找：划出断线后的中心词是何词类。去：中心词是形容词或副词时，要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。（比如本句中心词beautiful是形容词，修饰该词的是very，变时应去掉very。但须注意，线后如果是名词，名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。添：就是添上感叹词。如果线后的中心词是名词，就添What；是形容词或副词就添How。改：将陈述句句前的大

19、写改为小写，将变为感叹句的感叹词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首，感叹词首写字母改为大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感叹句的感叹号。据此，上句就变成了：How beautiful the picture is！再如：要把“He is a good student”变成感叹句，可如上法炮制：He isa good student中心词是名词student，a good为修饰student的修饰语，不能去掉，故变成感叹句应选感叹词what，变成：What a good student he is！例1. exciting news report weve heard !Yes, team of o

20、ur women teachers won the first place in the dancing competition.A. What, theB. How, theC. What an, aD. What, a例2._ interesting book the reporter named Chai Jing has written! I agree with you. Her articles are not only interesting, but also meaningful.A. What aB. What anC. HowD. How an例3._ lovely we

21、ather we are having these days!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an1. it is to have a cold drink on such a hot day!A. What a funB. How funC. What funD. How a fun2. disappointed she will be if she knows the result of the match!A. WhatB. HowC. What a3. sunny day it is! Lets go to fly kites.B. WhatC. How a

22、D. What a4.Look at the picture. beautiful Sanya is! Ill go there this summer holiday.D. How a5. strong the wind is! We could hardly walk in the wind.三.回答问题1.题型概述回答问题题型是 “阅读理解”的一种形式，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。题目难度介于阅读理解和写作之间,要求学生在看懂文章的基础上给出的问题答案。要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的能力，并且能够根据所给题目准确找出解题依据，给出答案，注意细节。文体主要还是

23、以记叙文为主，其他文体为辅。其中，问题类型的设置也是比较固定的。2.解题技巧（1）读懂问题通读全文信息定位准确表达避免答非所问；（2）注意以材料为本。无论是单词、词组、句子，还是人、物、时间、地点、原因等，都要根据文章类型准确填写；（3）注意文章中的人称和时态，做到问答一致。考试时最常见的错误就是时态语态用错；（4）灵活运用同义词语的替换和各种句型的不同表达；（5）对于开放性问题的回答，应根据文章提供的素材，根据全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、立场展开合理的想象；（6）在对待生词的处理上，要一分为二地看待。有些不影响理解的生词（如地名，人名）可直接忽视掉。有些生词前后会出现破折号、冒号或者出现

24、that is to say 或者that means等词时，其实就是解释说明的作用。可以注意推测出词意；（7）态度要端正，目前每年的篇幅都是呈上升的趋势，所以学生要有心理准备，务必要把握好做阅读题的节奏。例1. Isabel Allendes novels are enjoyed all over the world. She is famous for her creativity and imagination. And her own personal story is as amazing as any she has ever told in a novel. Born in 19

25、42, Allendes family moved often during her childhood. She went to school in South America, Europe, and Asia. As a young woman, she became a journalist in Santiago, Chiles（智利）capital city. Then, she got married and had two children. In 1970, everything began to change.Leaving home Isabel Allendes unc

26、le was a political leader named Salvador Allende. In 1970, her uncle was elected president of Chile. In 1973, Augusto Pinochet led a military takeover（军事接管）of the Chilean government. President Allende was killed during the fighting. When Isabel Allende began to fear for her life, she and her family

27、decided to move to Venezuela（委内瑞拉）.From Newspaper to Novels It was really a painful experience for Isabel Allendo to flee her country. Without this experience, however, Allende says she never would have begun writing novels. Then she got a phone call from Chile. Her grandfather was dying. She knew she could not return home to be with him, but she wanted to respect him in someway.“I decided to write a letter about all the things