句子成分简单句并列句与复合句1概要Word文件下载.docx

1、onlyfindnonethere.注意：1. A 下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain1）He taught us how to use the tool.2）No

2、one could tell me where to get the book.2. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, watch, look at ,hear, listen to ,have, make, let, feel , observe ,notice, 等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. 变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。3. 作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 作定语用的动词不定式

3、如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.4. 不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。do表示出人意料的结果。Westation onlythe train had left .5、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ to do sth. 如：It is very important for us to g

4、et everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.6、疑问词 + 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them f

5、rom swimming in this river is a problem.7、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting.8.不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidhavebeenpublished.Iregretwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动

6、词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Imsorrykeepwaitingaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）keptwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）8. 不定式的省略同一结构并列由and或or连接。wantfinishmyhomeworkandgohome.reallypuzzledwhatthinkorsay.特例：Tobenotbe,thisisquestion.Hebetterlaughthancry.（表示对比）不定式作表语，其

7、前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。Whathedidlosegame.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、suchas等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Dontdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.主句含有不定式，后面有ratherthan,ratherthan后省to。Whynot、hadbetter、wouldrather、cantbut等词后省to。couldbutwalk9.不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。常见的有

8、：Idlike/lovehappyto.但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。-Susansheusedbe. Youcamelatelastnight.Yououghtfinishedyourhomework.Iknowhave.非谓语动词（二）动词-ing形式 1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词 语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态makingbeing

9、madegoinghaving madehaving been madehaving gone 2、-ing形式的基本用法。作主语,表语,宾语, 定语, 宾语补足语,状语1）The sleeping child is only five years old. 2）Seeing is believing.3）It isnt much good writing to them again.4）Its no use waiting here.5）Her job is washing and cooking.6） We can see steam rising from the wet clothes

10、. 7） Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. 8） When crossing street, you must be careful.9） Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 10） Mary stood at the school gate, waiting for Betty. 1 动名词作宾语。下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,p

11、ardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,eacape,permit。下列动词短语接动名词：leaveoff,putgiveup,lookforwardto,feellike,troubledifficulty（in）doingsth.devotegetpayattentionfondof,worth。介词后要接动名词。about、howabout、without、beof、begoodat等介词后接动名词。2 动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：1）.remembersth.记住要做的事 remembersth.回顾过去发生的事2）.for

12、getsth.忘记要做的事 forgetsth.忘记做过的事3）sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regretsth.对发生过的事后悔4）.trysth.设法，试图 trysth.试试看，试一试5）.meansth.打算做，想要 meansth.意味着，就是6）.need/want/require需要被做 need/want/require todone需要被做3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the let

13、ter, she went on to read an English novel.4 、-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peters （or Peter）going there first.5 、-ing形式与动词不定式的区别。一般说

14、来，表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，如: She likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to play it today.非谓语动词（三）过去分词1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。The stolen car was found by the police last week.The glass is broken.When I opened the door,

15、 I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautifulGiven more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.独立主格：一般情况下-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其前之前，和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。The bell ringing, we all stopped

16、talking. She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.2、-ing形式与过去分词的区别：（1） 语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。an inspiring speech the inspired audience（2） 时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：The changing world； the chang

17、ed world。（3） 判断 -ing形式与过去分词的关键：先找逻辑主语，分词作定语时， 被分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语； 分词作表语时，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语；分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语；分词作状语时，句中的主语就是其逻辑主语。【1993-2003年高考试题选编】1 （93） How about the two of us_ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking2 （93） The computer centre, _ last year, is very po

18、pular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened3.（93） Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4 （94）. -I must apologize for_ ahead of time. -Thats all right. A. letting you no

19、t know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know5.（94） The missing boys were last seen_ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play6 （94） The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having a

20、dded B. to add C. adding D. added7.（94） The first textbooks_ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written8. （95）.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting: -Well, now I regret_ that. A. to do B

21、. to be doing C. to have done D. having done9 （95） Paul doesnt have to be made_. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10 （95） We agreed_ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met11 （96） The patient was warned_ oily food af

22、ter the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating12 （96） _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose13 （97）. I would love_ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have

23、gone C. going D. having gone14 （97） The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing15 （97） - Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? - I_, but I had an unexpected, visitor. A. had B. would C. was

24、going to D. did16 （97） The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to17 （98）. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When left B. Leaving C.If you leave D. Leave18 （98） Cleaning women in big cities usually get_ by the hour. A. pay

25、B. paying C. paid D. to pay19 （98） European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make20 （99） Robert is said_ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been

26、studying21（99）. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. DO not make22 （99） When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door_ Sorry to miss you; will call later. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading23 （2000） Ive worked with children before, so I know what_ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects24 （2000）. The ma