人教新目标版八年级下册Unit 1 教育机构讲义Word格式文档下载.docx

1、【拓展】lie及lay一词多义lie（躺、位于）lay（过去式）lain（过去分词）-lying（现在分词）lie（撒谎）lied（过去式）lied（过去分词）-lying（现在分词）lay（放置、下蛋）laid（过去式）laid（过去分词）-laying（现在分词）（2） rest此处用作动词，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名词，表示“休息”，常用的短语为take/have a rest“休息”。Lets stop working and have a rest.4. take your temperature （P. 2）take ones temperature意为“量体温”。Plea

2、se take your temperature first.5. Maybe you have a fever.（P. 2）maybe作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首，相当于perhaps，可以与may be相互转换。Maybe he is a foreigner.=He may be a foreigner.6. You need to take breaks away from the computer. （P. 2）need作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。You neednt go to t

3、he meeting too early.We need three more workers.He doesnt need to worry too much.7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. （P. 2）without用作介词，表示“无、没有”，后接名词、代词或者动名词，反义词是with。They left without saying goodbye.8. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. （P

4、. 2）本句是含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，主句含有情态动词，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。含有if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，即若主句用一般将来时（或主句为祈使句、主句含有情态动词），if引导的条件状语从句则用一般现在时。If it rains tomorrow, I wont go to the park.9. .when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. （P. 3）see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。I saw her danci

5、ng in the park at six yesterday.see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做某事。I often see her dance in the park.10. The bus driver.stopped the bus without thinking twice. （P. 3）think twice意为“再三考虑、权衡利弊”。You should think twice before you make the final decision.【拓展】think的相关短语think about 思考、考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑

6、11. He got off and asked the woman what happened. （P. 3）（1） get off意为“下车”，反义词是get on“上车”。Before getting off the bus, you should take care.（2） happen表示“发生”的时候，作不及物动词，常用的结构为：sth. happens to sb.“某人发生了某事”。An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital.12. Mr. Wang knew he had to act q

7、uickly. （P. 3）have to表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。We have to walk home because the car has broken down.We must study hard.13. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. （P. 3）（1） expect的常见用法：expect to do sth. 期待做某事The fans are expecting to see the footb

8、all star.expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully.（2） wait的常见用法：wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”We are waiting for the result of the exam.wait to do sth.“等待做某事”All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus.cant wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”The children cant wait to

9、 rush out after the class is over.14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. （P. 3）agree with sb. 同意某人I cant agree with you more.agree to sth. 同意某事Do you agree to the plan?agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见They finally agreed on the design of the bridge.agree to do sth. 同意做某事Her parents dont agr

10、ee to marry their daughter to the man.15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. （P. 3）thanks to表示“多亏、由于”，后接名词或者代词，在句中作原因状语，相当于because of。Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here.16. “Its sad that many people dont want to help others beca

11、use they dont want any trouble,” says one passenger. （P. 3）（1） 本句是“It is+形容词+that从句”，句中的it作形式主语，代替真正的主语that从句。It is important that we should protect the environment.（2） other: 意为“别的、其它的”，常用来修饰可数名词。the other: 表示“两者中另一个”，是特指；the other之后也可以加复数名词，特指“其它的”。another: 表示“三者中另一个”。others: 用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。

12、the others: 特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys.You should think of others.There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys.17. Bus No. 26 hit a

13、n old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. （P. 3）hit表示“撞击、打击”，表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hit sb.+介词（on, in）+the+身体部位”，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用in。The man hit the little boy in the face.18. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away. （P. 3）right away意为“立刻、马上”，相当于at once或者right now。As soon as he hea

14、rd the news, he rushed out right away.Section B1. Someone felt sick. （P. 5）sick用作形容词，意为“生病的、有病的”，可以作定语或者表语，而ill表示“生病的”，只能用作表语。I have to look after my sick grandpa.The old woman is seriously sick/ill.2. have problems breathing （P. 6）have problems （in） doing sth.意为“做某事有问题”，相当于have trouble/difficulty （

15、in） doing sth.。She has problems （in） riding a bike.3. As a mountain climber, Aron is used totaking risks. （P. 6）（1） as用作介词，表示“作为、身为”。As a student, you should study hard.（2） 辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth.be /get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事His father is used to watching

16、 TV before going to bed.used to do sth.过去经常做某事The boy used to play computer games.be used to do sth.被用来做某事More and more wood is used to make paper.（3） risk表示“冒险时”，既可以作名词，也可以作动词，作名词常和动词take连用，take a risk“冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning

17、 building.=The fireman risked losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. （P. 6）because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词短语。在句中常和because引导的原因状语从句连用，不过because后面跟句子。We cant go out because it rains heavily.=We cant go out beca

18、use of the heavy rain.5. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. （P. 6）（1） run out意为“用尽、用完”，后接宾语时，需要加上介词of。They ran out of their money.（2） 动词不定式短语to save his own life在句子作目的状语。动词不定式构成的目的状语可位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词之后。To learn Japanese, she went to Ja

19、pan.You should work hard to get good grades.6. He was not ready to die that day. （P. 6）be/get ready for sth.“为做准备”The students are reviewing lessons to get ready for the coming final exams.be/get ready to do sth.“准备做某事、乐意做某事”The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble.7. Then, with his left arm

20、, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. （P. 6）（1） so that引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与in order that互换，从句经常会出现表示“能够的情态动词”，如can, could, may, might, will, would等。We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future.We

21、used the computer in order that we might save time.（2） too much用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，much too用来修饰形容词或者副词。There is too much pollution today.The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat.8. After losing his arm, he wrote a book calledBetween a Rock and a Hard Place. （P. 6）called此处为动词的过去分词作定语

22、，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。This is a book named/called Journey to the West.The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.9. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. （P. 6）seem用作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的结构有：seem+adj./to be/that+句子。The story seems true.What he said seemed to be

23、a lie.It seems that they are going to pull down the house.10. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of ones life. （P. 6）（1） make a decision或者make decisions表示“做出决定”。They expected you to make a decision.（2） in control of意为“控制、管理”。Who is in control

24、 of the project?11. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. （P. 6）（1） 在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother

25、lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.【拓展】在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he d

26、id very well in the mid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.如果名词前由man

27、y, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.（2） keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，强调继续或者重复做某事。You shouldnt keep on thinking about it.12. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnt mind ta

28、king risks. （P. 7）mind doing sth. 介意做某事Would you mind opening the window please?mind sbs/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事Do you mind my/me calling you at night?13. Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. （P. 7）give up表示“放弃”，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。Dont give up your dream easily.H

29、e has given up playing computer games.【重点短语和句型归纳】重点短语1. have a fever / cough / cold 发烧 /咳嗽 /受凉；感冒2. have a toothache / stomachache 牙疼/胃疼3. have a sore back / throat 背疼 /喉咙痛4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水6. take risks （take a risk） 冒险7. in a difficult situation 在困境中8. give up 放弃9. make a decision 做出决定10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take ones temperature 量体温15. put some medici