人教新目标版八年级下册Unit 1 教育机构讲义Word格式文档下载.docx
《人教新目标版八年级下册Unit 1 教育机构讲义Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《人教新目标版八年级下册Unit 1 教育机构讲义Word格式文档下载.docx(26页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
【拓展】lie及lay一词多义
lie(躺、位于)—lay(过去式)—lain(过去分词)-lying(现在分词)
lie(撒谎)—lied(过去式)—lied(过去分词)-lying(现在分词)
lay(放置、下蛋)—laid(过去式)—laid(过去分词)-laying(现在分词)
(2)rest此处用作动词,表示“休息”,rest也可以用作名词,表示“休息”,常用的短语为take/havearest“休息”。
Let’sstopworkingandhavearest.
4.takeyourtemperature(P.2)
takeone’stemperature意为“量体温”。
Pleasetakeyourtemperaturefirst.
5.Maybeyouhaveafever...(P.2)
maybe作副词,表示“可能、也许”,常常放在句首,相当于perhaps,可以与maybe相互转换。
Maybeheisaforeigner.
=Hemaybeaforeigner.
6.Youneedtotakebreaksawayfromthecomputer.(P.2)
need作动词时,不仅可以作情态动词,还可以作实义动词,作情态动词时,后接动词原形;
作实义动词时,后接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。
Youneedn’tgotothemeetingtooearly.
Weneedthreemoreworkers.
Hedoesn’tneedtoworrytoomuch.
7.Yeah,IthinkIsatinthesamewayfortoolongwithoutmoving.(P.2)
without用作介词,表示“无、没有”,后接名词、代词或者动名词,反义词是with。
Theyleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.
8.Ifyourheadandneckstillhurttomorrow,thengotoadoctor.(P.2)
本句是含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句,主句含有情态动词,if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。
含有if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原则,即若主句用一般将来时(或主句为祈使句、主句含有情态动词),if引导的条件状语从句则用一般现在时。
Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgotothepark.
9....whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.(P.3)
seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事,强调所看到的动作正在进行。
Isawherdancingintheparkatsixyesterday.
seesbdosth看到某人做了或经常做某事。
Ioftenseeherdanceinthepark.
10.Thebusdriver...stoppedthebuswithoutthinkingtwice.(P.3)
thinktwice意为“再三考虑、权衡利弊”。
Youshouldthinktwicebeforeyoumakethefinaldecision.
【拓展】think的相关短语
thinkabout思考、考虑thinkof想起thinkover仔细考虑
11.Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.(P.3)
(1)getoff意为“下车”,反义词是geton“上车”。
Beforegettingoffthebus,youshouldtakecare.
(2)happen表示“发生”的时候,作不及物动词,常用的结构为:
sth.happenstosb.“某人发生了某事”。
Anaccidenthappenedtohimyesterdayandnowheliesinhospital.
12.Mr.Wangknewhehadtoactquickly.(P.3)
haveto表示“必须、不得不”,强调客观上的必须,must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。
Wehavetowalkhomebecausethecarhasbrokendown.
Wemuststudyhard.
13.Heexpectedmostorallofthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.(P.3)
(1)expect的常见用法:
expecttodosth.期待做某事
Thefansareexpectingtoseethefootballstar.
expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事
Themanexpectshissontopasstheexamsuccessfully.
(2)wait的常见用法:
waitforsb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”
Wearewaitingfortheresultoftheexam.
waittodosth.“等待做某事”
Allthepassengersarewaitingtogetonthebus.
can’twaittodosth.“迫不及待做某事”
Thechildrencan’twaittorushoutaftertheclassisover.
14.Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.(P.3)
agreewithsb.同意某人
Ican’tagreewithyoumore.
agreetosth.同意某事
Doyouagreetotheplan?
agreeonsth.在某事上达成一致意见
Theyfinallyagreedonthedesignofthebridge.
agreetodosth.同意做某事
Herparentsdon’tagreetomarrytheirdaughtertotheman.
15.ThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengers,themanwassavedbythedoctorsintime.(P.3)
thanksto表示“多亏、由于”,后接名词或者代词,在句中作原因状语,相当于becauseof。
Thankstothewarmandsunnyweather,orangesgrowwellhere.
16.“It’ssadthatmanypeopledon’twanttohelpothersbecausetheydon’twantanytrouble,”saysonepassenger.(P.3)
(1)本句是“Itis+形容词+that从句”,句中的it作形式主语,代替真正的主语that从句。
Itisimportantthatweshouldprotecttheenvironment.
(2)other:
意为“别的、其它的”,常用来修饰可数名词。
theother:
表示“两者中另一个”,是特指;
theother之后也可以加复数名词,特指“其它的”。
another:
表示“三者中另一个”。
others:
用作代词,泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。
theothers:
特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物(全部)”。
WestudyChinese,English,Mathandothersubjects.
Therearethreepeopleintheroom.Oneisagirlandtheothertwoareboys.
Youshouldthinkofothers.
Therearefifty-fivestudentsinourclass.Thirtyofusaregirlsandtheothersareboys.
17.BusNo.26hitanoldmanonZhonghuaRoad.26.(P.3)
hit表示“撞击、打击”,表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hitsb.+介词(on,in)+the+身体部位”,若打的部位较硬用on,打的部位较软用in。
Themanhitthelittleboyintheface.
18.Theoldmanhadaheartproblemandneededtogotothehospitalrightaway.(P.3)
rightaway意为“立刻、马上”,相当于atonce或者rightnow。
Assoonasheheardthenews,herushedoutrightaway.
SectionB
1.Someonefeltsick.(P.5)
sick用作形容词,意为“生病的、有病的”,可以作定语或者表语,而ill表示“生病的”,只能用作表语。
Ihavetolookaftermysickgrandpa.
Theoldwomanisseriouslysick/ill.
2.haveproblemsbreathing(P.6)
haveproblems(in)doingsth.意为“做某事有问题”,相当于havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.。
Shehasproblems(in)ridingabike.
3.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.(P.6)
(1)as用作介词,表示“作为、身为”。
Asastudent,youshouldstudyhard.
(2)辨析:
be/getusedtodoingsth.,usedtodosth.与beusedtodosth.
be/getusedtodoingsth.
习惯于做某事
HisfatherisusedtowatchingTVbeforegoingtobed.
usedtodosth.
过去经常做某事
Theboyusedtoplaycomputergames.
beusedtodosth.
被用来做某事
Moreandmorewoodisusedtomakepaper.
(3)risk表示“冒险时”,既可以作名词,也可以作动词,作名词常和动词take连用,takearisk“冒险”;
作动词时,后接动名词作宾语。
Thefiremantooktheriskoflosinghislifeandsavedtheboyfromtheburningbuilding.
=Thefiremanriskedlosinghislifeandsavedtheboyfromtheburningbuilding.
4.ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccidents.(P.6)
becauseof意为“因为,由于”,后跟名词短语。
在句中常和because引导的原因状语从句连用,不过because后面跟句子。
Wecan’tgooutbecauseitrainsheavily.
=Wecan’tgooutbecauseoftheheavyrain.
5.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.(P.6)
(1)runout意为“用尽、用完”,后接宾语时,需要加上介词of。
Theyranoutoftheirmoney.
(2)动词不定式短语tosavehisownlife在句子作目的状语。
动词不定式构成的目的状语可位于句首,用逗号与主句隔开,也可以位于谓语动词之后。
TolearnJapanese,shewenttoJapan.
Youshouldworkhardtogetgoodgrades.
6.Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.(P.6)
be/getreadyforsth.“为……做准备”
Thestudentsarereviewinglessonstogetreadyforthecomingfinalexams.
be/getreadytodosth.“准备做某事、乐意做某事”
Thekindgirlisreadytohelpanyoneintrouble.
7.Then,withhisleftarm,hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.(P.6)
(1)sothat引导目的状语从句,用以说明主句动作的目的,可以与inorderthat互换,从句经常会出现表示“能够的情态动词”,如can,could,may,might,will,would等。
Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.
Hestudieshardsothathecouldfindagoodjobinthefuture.
Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.
(2)toomuch用来修饰不可数名词或者动词,muchtoo用来修饰形容词或者副词。
Thereistoomuchpollutiontoday.
Thedoctoraskedhimtoloseweightbecausehewasmuchtoofat.
8.Afterlosinghisarm,hewroteabookcalledBetweenaRockandaHardPlace.(P.6)
called此处为动词的过去分词作定语,意为“被称为、被叫作”,与named同义。
Thisisabooknamed/calledJourneytotheWest.
TheGreenshaveadaughternamed/calledKate.
9.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.(P.6)
seem用作系动词,表示“似乎、好像”,常用的结构有:
seem+adj./tobe/that+句子。
Thestoryseemstrue.
Whathesaidseemedtobealie.
Itseemsthattheyaregoingtopulldownthehouse.
10.Inthisbook,Arontellsoftheimportanceofmakinggooddecisions,andofbeingincontrolofone’slife.(P.6)
(1)makeadecision或者makedecisions表示“做出决定”。
Theyexpectedyoutomakeadecision.
(2)incontrolof意为“控制、管理”。
Whoisincontroloftheproject?
11.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.(P.6)
(1)在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。
其结构是:
“...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句”。
Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.
Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.
Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.
【拓展】在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;
名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。
如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。
Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.
Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.
Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。
Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.
=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.
如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so,不用such。
Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.
Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.
(2)keepondoingsth.意为“继续做某事”,强调继续或者重复做某事。
Youshouldn’tkeeponthinkingaboutit.
12.Aronlovesmountainclimbinganddoesn’tmindtakingrisks.(P.7)
minddoingsth.介意做某事
Wouldyoumindopeningthewindowplease?
mindsb’s/sbdoingsth.介意某人做某事
Doyoumindmy/mecallingyouatnight?
13.Arondidnotgiveupaftertheaccidentandkeepsonclimbingmountainstoday.(P.7)
giveup表示“放弃”,后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。
Don'
tgiveupyourdreameasily.
Hehasgivenupplayingcomputergames.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
1.haveafever/cough/cold发烧/咳嗽/受凉;
感冒
2.haveatoothache/stomachache牙疼/胃疼
3.haveasoreback/throat背疼/喉咙痛
4.talktoomuch说得太多
5.drinkenoughwater喝足够的水
6.takerisks(takearisk)冒险
7.inadifficultsituation在困境中
8.giveup放弃
9.makeadecision做出决定
10.liedownandrest躺下来休息
11.hotteawithhoney加蜂蜜的热茶
12.seeadentist看牙医
13.getanX-ray拍X光片
14.takeone’stemperature量体温
15.putsomemedici