九年级英语复合句专项讲课用文档格式.docx

1、这就是去年建成的那家工厂。（作主语）Where is the book（which / that）I bought this morning?我今天上午买的那本书在哪儿？（作宾语）3.who,whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who或that代替whom,whom也可省略。e.g.The man who lives next door is an Englishman.住在隔壁的那个男人是英国人。The lady（whom / who / that）Lucy is talking to is her teacher.正在和露西说话的那位女士是

2、她的老师。4.whose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。e.g.The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.那个男孩学习非常努力，他爸爸是个医生。（whose指人，作定语）This is the room whose window faces south.这就是窗户朝南的那个房间。（whose指物，作定语）注意：1.当关系代词whom和which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以放在从句中有关动词的后面，whom和which可省略；但当介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用“介词+which / whom”结构.This is the

3、 house（which）we lived in last year.这就是我们去年住的房子。e.g.This is the picture for which he paid $ 10,000.这是他支付了10，000美元的画。2.含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.This is the book （that / which）shes looking for.这是她正在找的书。e.g. The company that she works for is far away. 她工作的那家公司非常远。3.当关系代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词应与先行词的数保持一致

4、；若关系代词在从句中作宾语，从句的谓语动词应与从句的主语保持一致。e.g.The girl who is dancing is a nurse.正在跳舞的那个女孩儿是一名护士。关系代词that和which都指事物，但在下列情况只能用that而不用which:1.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。e.g.This is the best film that Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。2.all,any,something,everything,anything,none,little,much,nothing,the one等不定代词时修饰先行词时，只用that。

5、e.g.There is nothing that I dont understand.没有什么我不懂的。3.当先行词被the only,the very,the last,all,little,few等修饰时。e.g.The earth is the only planet that we can live on.地球是我们唯一可以居住的行星。4.当先行词中同时含有人和物时。e.g.I cant remember the persons and the things that I met in the street the day before yesterday.我不记得前天我在街上遇到的

6、人和事。当主句是以who或which引导的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，只能用that。e.g.Who is the student that is playing the piano？正在弹钢琴的那个学生是谁？关系副词的用法1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。e.g.I shall never forget the day when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇的那天。2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。e.g. This is the place where LuXun was born.这是鲁迅出生的地方。3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，

7、其先行词只有reason。e.g.This is the reason why he came late.这就是他迟到的原因。二 宾语从句当一个句子在复合句中充当宾语时（谓语动词，介词之后），该句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的分类1.由that引导的宾语从句这种宾语从句一般为陈述句，that在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用，一般可省略。e.g.He told me （that） he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他第二年要去上大学。He said（that）he would come.他说他会来。2.由if或whether引导的宾语从句wh

8、ether和if都可以表示“是否”，在宾语从句中两者可以互换使用。e.g.I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.我想知道我能否得到你的一些建议。whether和if在下列情况下不能互换使用：whether引导的从句常可与or not直接连用，而if不能。e.g.Let me know whether or not you can come.告诉我你是否能来。当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导，而不能用if。e.g.Whether it is true or not,I cant tell you.是对还是不对，我不

9、能告诉你。whether可以引导带to的动词不定式，if则不能e.g.I dont know whether to accept the gift 我不知道是否接受这份礼物。whether及其引导的成分可放在介词之后，作介词的宾语，而if不能。e.g.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。3.由疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句这种宾语从句常用的引导词有who,whom,whose,what,when,where,why,how等。e.g.Do you know who won the football game?你知道谁赢了

10、这场足球比赛吗？The book will show you how you can operate the machine.这本书会告诉你如何操纵这台机器.He didnt tell me when we could meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。宾语从句的否定前移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等，并且主句的主语是第一人称时，对从句谓语的否定一般要转移为对主句谓语的否定。这一句型变反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主语一般与宾语从句的主语保持一致，且反意疑问部分用肯定形式。t think he will come to my party.我认为他

11、不会参加我的聚会。I dont believe that man was killed by Jim,was he?我认为那个人不是吉姆杀的，是吗？宾语从句的时态和语序1.时态当主句为一般现在时态时候，宾语从句的时态一般不受主句时态的影响。e.g.Nobody knows if he will come tomorrow.没有人知道他明天是否会来。当主句为过去时的时候，宾语从句应用过去时态的一种。He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了玛丽。当从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不受

12、主句时态的影响，用一般现在时态。e.g.The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.老师说光速比声速快。一般来说，宾语从句的语序应是陈述句语序。也就是说当一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的句子变成宾语从句时，要将疑问句的语序改成陈述句的语序。例如：Do you have a TV？The man asked.The man asked if we had a TV.How many boys are there in your class?they askedThey asked how many boys there were in ou

13、r class.三 状语从句一个句子在复合句中作状语时，该句就叫状语从句。一、状语从句的分类根据引导词的含义不同，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句。.时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when,before,after,until,if，unless，since,so that,as,while等。e.g.He was working at the table when I went in.当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。We cleaned the classroom before we left school yeste

14、rday. 昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。when引导的时间状语从句中，谓语可以用延续性动词，也可以用短暂性动词。while引导的时间状语从句中，谓语常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。e.g.I was fishing by the river when someone called for help.我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人呼救。When you are crossing the road,you must be careful.你过马路时，一定要小心。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.当我正在玩

15、电脑游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。until/till和not.until都可以引导时间状语从句。until/till意为“直到”，强调主句动作的结束，主句谓语用延续性动词；not.until直到.才 强调主句动作的开始，主句谓语用短暂性动词。e.g.I will wait for my friend until/till he comes.我要一直等到我的朋友来。We wont start our discussion until he comes.我们要等到他来才开始我们的讨论。.条件状语从句一般由从属连词if或unless引导。if.not和unless常可互换。如果主句是一般将来时态，从句

16、应用一般现在时态。e.g.If she doesnt come by 10:00,we wont wait for her.如果她十点前还不来，我们就不等她了。I will go swimming tomorrow unless it rains.如果明天不下雨，我就会去游泳。.原因状语从句常用的从属连词有because,since和as， for。它们的区别是：在回答由why引导的疑问句时，只能用because,表示原因的语气最强；since表示一种附带的原因，或表示一种已知的、显然的理由，意为“既然”，since引导的从句常放在主句之前；as的语气比since还弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重

17、点在主句，as从句通常放在主句前面。e.g.Why did you go there?你为何去那儿？I went there because Tom had a traffic accident.我去那儿是因为汤姆在那儿出了一起交通事故。Since you feel ill,youd better not go to work.既然你感觉不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。As it was raining hard,we had to be indoors.由于雨很大，我们只好待在家里。.目的状语从句常用的从属连词有so that和in order that,从句中常用情态动词can,may,cou

18、ld,should或might等。e.g.Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.请再讲慢一点，以便我们能做详细的笔记。I sent the letter by airmail in order that it might reach him in time.我以航空信寄出这封信，以便他能及时收到。.让步状语从句常用的从属连词有though/although,even if,however,no matter.,whatever等。e.g.Although/Though he was tired,he still work

19、ed.虽然很累，但他仍然工作。ven if you cant help me, I will continue with it.即使你不能帮助我，我也会继续下去。6.结果状语从句常用的从属连词有so.that, such.that,so that等。e.g.She is so young that she cant go to school.她太小了而不能去上学。He is such a clever boy that all of us like him.他是一个如此聪明的男孩，我们都很喜欢他。I ran very fast so that I caught up with them.我跑得

20、很快，所以我赶上他们了。二、主句与从句时态一致问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为以下三种情况：.若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，条件状语从句和时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.Go to the English corner if you want to improve your spoken English.如果你想提高你的英语口语就去英语角。You can call me as soon as you get there.你一到那儿就可以给我打电话。You will be punished if you do

21、nt do your homework.如果你不做作业，你将会受到惩罚。.若主、从句谓语动词都是对过去的陈述，那么主、从句都可以用一般过去时。e.g.he could sing when she was four years old.她四岁的时候就会唱歌。.since引导的时间状语从句一般用一般过去时态，被修饰的主句则用现在完成时态。e.g.Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened in 1975.自从年那家工厂开办以来，王叔叔便在那儿工作了。但是在“It has been.+since从句”结构中，主句也可以用一般现在时，即“I

22、t is.+since从句”。e.g.It has been/is ten years since we left that city.中考链接.eter likes reading a newspaper_he is having breakfast.（1年河北）.until B.while C.because D.though.any students didnt realize the importance of study_they left school.（1年江苏盐城）.when B.until C.as D.after3.Would you please tell me_?t 1

23、0:00 this evening. （1年福建晋江）.when will the train leaveB.when the train will leaveC.when does the train leave4.o you know_?Im not sure.Maybe an artist. （1年江苏扬州）.what the man with long hair isB.what is the man with long hairC.who the man with long hair isD.who is the man with long hair5.Could you tell

24、me_?Fill in this form and I will give you a card.（1年四川成都）.how I can meet CathyB.where I can meet CathyC.when I can meet Cathy6.Could you tell me_?Just go straight.Its on your right.（1年浙江湖州）.where the police station isB.what your name isC.which country you come fromD.why you like koalas. hear youve got a new pen pal.I wonder_.（1年山西）.where does she liveB.where she is studyingC.where will she work8.Do you know the man under the tree?Sorry,I dont know_.（1年湖北武汉）.how is he B.what is he C.who he is参考答案:1-4 BBBA 5-8 AABC