简单句翻译练习.doc

1、英语语法简单句专项练习题2011届中考英语语法简单句专项练习题及答案-句子成分都由单词或短语担任，且只有一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句。初中阶段我们需要重点掌握简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法。一、S + V（主语不及物动词）这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：Why dont you come at onc

2、e when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？【练习导航】. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 他在听。 He _ _.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _ _ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。 The rain _ _ two hours. 4. 事物总是变化的。 Things always _.5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。 His dream to China _ _ _. 二、S + V + P（主语系动词表语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动

3、名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。1. 他感到有点累。_2. 这听起来是个好主意。_3. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。_4. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。_5. 问题是你想干什么。_6. 他总是乐于助人。_7. 这盘菜闻起来不错。_8. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。_三

4、、S + V + O（主语及物动词宾语）及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：Hes having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。【练习导航】. 找出下列句子的宾语。1. He handed in his homework this morning._2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. _3. He forgot which way to go.

5、_4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? _5. Ill do what I can. _. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。6. 你认识这些人吗？Do you _ _ _?7. 今天早上他完成了报告。He _ _ _ this morning.8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。Now Ill _ _. 9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。He has decided _ _ _ Beijing.10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。I dont remember _ the accident _.四、S + V + IO + DO（主语及物动词间接宾

6、语直接宾语）有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语【练习导航】. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。1. She gave me her telephone number. _2. Bring me some water, please. _3. Ill make you some

7、 fresh tea. _4. He sang us a folk song. _5. She showed me her paintings. _. 将下列句子改为同义句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal. She _ a delicious meal _ us. 【温馨提

8、示】某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？Can you lend your car to us? 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。My u

9、ncle bought a watch for me.五、S + V + O + OC（主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。如：Please dont call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。【练习导航】. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。1. They call

10、 their daughter Mary. _2. Dont leave me behind. _3. I wish you to be happy. _4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. _5. Good food keeps you healthy. _. 翻译下面的汉语句子。6. 他们请我和他们一道去。_7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。_8. 你注意到他进来了吗？_六、there be句型 there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。如： There is a dictio

11、nary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。【练习导航】. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。_ _ a boy _ with a dog in the yard. 2. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。_ _ _ _ a shop on the corner of the street. 8. 可能会有一个更好的办法来做这件事。_ _ _ a better way to do this. 9. 没有空气就没有声音._ _ _ sound without air. 10. 没有时间再等

12、你了。_ _ no time _ _ _ you. Key：一、. 1. is listening 2. sleep well3. lasted for 4. change 5. has come true . 6-10 ABBCD二、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea. 3. Is Helen in?4. My computer is in the study. 5. His dream is to become a doctor.6. My favorite sport is swimming.7. The quest

13、ion is what you want to do.8. He is always ready to help others.9. The dish smells good.10. The girl is my sister.三、. 1. his homework 2. yourself 3. which way to go4. waiting 5. what I can. 6. know these people 7. finished his report 8. introduce myself 9. to move to 10. when; happened四、. 1. her tel

14、ephone number 2. some water3. some fresh tea 4. a folk song 5. her paintings. 6. gave; to 7. bought; for 8. cooked; for 9. showed; to 10. made; for 五、.1. Mary 2. behind 3. to be happy4. chatting with Nancy 5. healthy . 6. They asked me to go with them.7. I saw her talking with Jane just now.8. Do yo

15、u think the movie wonderful?9. What do you advise me to do? 10. Did you notice him come in? 六、. 1-5 ADCBC. 6. There is; playing7. There used to be 8. There might be 9. There is no 10. There is; to wait for高中英语语法定语从句总复习郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一、关系带词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词

16、用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Whowhich主语Whomwhichthat宾语Whose (=of whom)Whose (=of which)that例：This is the detective who came from London.例：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none

17、等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。）(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of

18、 whom、are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征品性或才能的人

19、。Which引导的定语从句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?（在这的所有人中谁和你一起去？）“介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词关系代词

20、“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。(2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定

21、短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.（这是她曾今照顾的孩子。）二、关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2. that可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1二者差异比较限制定语从

22、句紧跟先行词，引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。2关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3.先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.四、

23、As在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.(）the same that与 the same as在意思上是不同的。2As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is expe

24、cted, the England team won the football match.五、英语定语从句专项练习单项填空1I think youre got to the point_ a change is needed, otherwise youll fail.A. when B. that C. where D. which2The hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with re

25、al-life people.A. when B. that C. in which D. on which3Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by the tiger.A. that B. by which C. whichD. in which 4There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. where

26、B. which C. when D. that 5_ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As 6_ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B.As C.That D.What 7There are many people_ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.A.who B.that C.which D.whose 8EBay,Amazon and WalMart are popular websites_people can sell goods to each other.A.where B.which C.when D.whose9On his 10th birthday.Marty manages to escape from the z