10年高考阅读理解地理类22.docx

1、10年高考阅读理解地理类22总题数：22 题第1题(2011年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(北京卷)题目 As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries，a new electrical generating（发电） and transmission（输送） system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West，for better or worse.Much of the real significan

2、ce of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery，but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community.The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around. The 19th century saw land grants（政府拨地） offered to

3、railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads，leaving public land in between privately owned land.In much of the West，some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped，and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.Wit

4、h the completion of the interstate highway system，many of the small towns，which sprang up as railway stops and developed well，have lost their lifeblood and died. Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West.This is not an argument agains

5、t building them.We need alternative energy badly，and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now. So tradeoffs will have to be made.Some scenic spots will be sacrificed.Some species（物种） will be forced to move，or will be carefully move

6、d to special accommodations.Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects. The lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter.The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region.There ar

7、e chances for that power and money to do a lot of good.But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind，just like the railroads and the highways. The money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far bey

8、ond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines.So lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.（1）What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?ASmall towns along the railways became abandoned.BSo

9、me railroad stops remained underused.CLand in the West was hard to manage.DLand grants went into private hands.（2）What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?AThe transmission of power. BThe use of money and power.CThe conservation of solar

10、 energy.DThe selection of an ideal place.（3）What is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?ACautious. BApproving. CDoubtful. DDisapproving.（4）Which is the best title for the passage?AHow the Railways Have Affected the WestBHow Solar Energy Could Reshape the West CHow the Effects of Power

11、 Plants Can Be Reduced DHow the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled答案 （1）C细节理解题。根据第二段中“.has presented unique challenges”中的unique challenges可知土地所有制对土地的管理具有很大的挑战性。故选C项。（2）B主旨大意题。最后两段紧紧围绕钱和电力展开，从每段的第一句话也可看出叙述的中心是电力和钱；A、C、D三项只是文中的细节，不是叙述的中心，故选B项。（3）A推理判断题。作者提到在美国西部建造铁路和高速路之后，美国西部的土地管理、环境、物种等都受到了不

12、好的影响，以此与建造solar plants相联系，可见作者在对待solar plants的态度上是非常谨慎的，故选A项。（4）B 主旨大意题。作者以美国西部建造铁路和高速路给美国西部的土地管理、环境、物种等都带来了不好的影响，来表达了他的态度：建造solar plants要三思而后行，B项引领全篇并起警醒作用。故选B项。第2题(2010年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(全国卷)题目 C Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly，flies

13、 like a fat chicken，eats green leaves，has the stomach of a cow and has claws(爪)on its wings when young.They build their homes about 4.6 m above the river，an important feature(特征) for the safety of the young.It is called the hoatzin. In appearance，the birds of both sexes look very much alike with bro

14、wn on the back and cream and red on the underside.The head is small，with a large set of feathers on the top，bright red eyes，and blue skin.Its nearest relatives are the common birds，cuckoos.Its most striking feature，though，is only found in the young. Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of e

15、ach wing and another at the end of each wing tip.Using these four claws，together with the beak(喙)，they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done.When the young hoatzins have learned to fly，they lose their claws. During the drier months between December and M

16、arch hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.（1）What is the text mainly about?AHoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. BThe relatives and enemies of hoatz

17、ins.CPrimitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. DThe appearance and living habits of hoatzins.（2）Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that _.Athey look like young cuckoos Bthey have claws on the wingsCthey eat a lot like a cow Dthey live on river banks（3）What can we infer about primit

18、ive birds from the text?AThey had claws to help them climb. BThey could fly long distances.CThey had four wings like hoatzins. DThey had a head with long feathers on the top.（4）Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?ATo find more food. BTo protect themselves b

19、etter.CTo keep themselves warm. DTo produce their young.答案 （1）D主旨大意题。文章前两段主要介绍麝雉这种鸟类的外貌，后面主要介绍这种鸟类的部分体貌特征和生活习性，所以答案为D项。（2）B细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“has claws on its wings when young”和第三段最后一句“When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.”可知，麝雉小的时候翅膀上带有爪子，长大学会飞翔后爪子就消失了。由此判断答案为B项。（3）A推理判断

20、题。根据文章第三段“Using these four claws, together with the beak, they can climb about in the bushes，.”可知，远古的鸟类翅膀上也有爪子，帮助它们攀爬，所以答案为A项。（4）D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.”可知，雨季来临时，麝雉单个群落数量减小是为了繁殖后代，所以答案为D

21、项。第3题(2010年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(安徽卷)题目 E The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the worlds supply of water.With 97% of the worlds water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture，the worldwide supply of water needs careful management，especially in agriculture.Although the idea

22、 of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country，many of the worlds agricultural industries experience constant water shortages. Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons，the costs of water redistri

23、bution(重新分配)are very high.Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself，but there is also an environmental cost to be considered.Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams，houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed.Besides，water may flow easily through pipes to fields，but it cannot be tran

24、sported from one side of the world to the other.Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(灌溉)In Texas，farmers overuse of irrigation

25、 water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA，a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys，but much of the water use has been poorly managed. Saudi Arabias attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the p

26、umping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves.Because there is no rainfall in these areas，such reserves can only decrease，and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.（1）From the first two paragraphs we learnt that _.Amuch of the worlds water is avai

27、lable for use Bpeople in high rainfall countries feel luckyCthe costs of water redistribution should be considered Dwater can be easily carried through pipes across the world（2）Which of the following is true?AThe water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%. BMost industries in the world suffer fr

28、om water shortages.CThe underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years. DGood management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.（3）What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?ASteps to improving water use management. BWays to reduce the costs

29、of building dams.CMeasures to deal with worldwide water shortages. DApproaches to handling the pressure on water supply.（4）The text is mainly about _.Awater supply and increasing population Bwater use management and agricultureCwater redistribution and wildlife protection Dwater shortages and enviro

30、nmental protection答案 （1）C推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知人口的不断增长给淡水的供应带来了压力。第二段提到了解决水源缺乏的办法，但解决办法所付出的代价是巨大的，这不仅仅要考虑工程本身的代价，还要考虑对自然环境的破坏所付出的代价。据此推断答案为C项。根据第一段第二句话可知A项错误；第一段中的 “.someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country，.” 意思并非是说降水量大的地区的人们自身感到幸运，故B项错误；根据文章第二段倒数第二句话可知D项错误。故选C项。（2）C细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话中的

31、“.and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry” 可知C项正确；第三段第二句话提到水源储存减少了25%，而不是75%；文中没有B项的相关信息；根据倒数第二段最后一句话，可知D项与文中叙述内容相反。（3）A推理判断题。文章第一段指出淡水源的贫乏问题，第二段作者提出了解决水源贫乏问题的唯一可行的办法就是依靠对水源的管理，第三、四段分别介绍了两个国家在水源管理中出现的弊端。据此推断接下来作者会具体谈改善水源利用的管理措施。故选A项。（4）B主旨大意题。第一段：淡水资源匮乏与农业生产；第二段：解决办法与农业灌溉；第三段：美国农业灌溉用水管理中显现的问题；第四段：沙特阿拉伯利用地下水进行农业灌溉显现的问题。综合上述不难判断本文主要讲述的是水源管理