10年高考阅读理解地理类22.docx
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10年高考阅读理解地理类22
总题数:
22题
第1题(2011年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(北京卷))
题目
AstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelectricalgenerating(发电)andtransmission(输送)systemforthe21stcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWest,forbetterorworse.Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery,butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesurroundingcommunity.Thesameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityaround.
The19thcenturysawlandgrants(政府拨地)offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland.InmuchoftheWest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundeveloped,andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement.Withthecompletionoftheinterstatehighwaysystem,manyofthesmalltowns,whichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,havelosttheirlifebloodanddied.
BigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintintheWest.Thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthem.Weneedalternativeenergybadly,andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.
Sotradeoffswillhavetobemade.Somescenicspotswillbesacrificed.Somespecies(物种)willbeforcedtomove,orwillbecarefullymovedtospecialaccommodations.Dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects.
Thelastingeffectsofthesetradeoffsareanothermatter.The21stcenturydevelopmentoftheAmericanWestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneyintheregion.Therearechancesforthatpowerandmoneytodoalotofgood.Butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justliketherailroadsandthehighways.
ThemoneysetasideinnegotiatedtradeoffsandtheinstitutionsthatcontrolitwillshapetheWestfarbeyondtheimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsandtransmissionlines.Solet'sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadsandthehighwaysasweconstructthesenewpowerplantsintheWest.
(1)Whatwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways?
A.Smalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoned.
B.Somerailroadstopsremainedunderused.
C.LandintheWestwashardtomanage.
D.Landgrantswentintoprivatehands.
(2)Whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalternativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?
A.Thetransmissionofpower.
B.Theuseofmoneyandpower.
C.Theconservationofsolarenergy.
D.Theselectionofanidealplace.
(3)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsbuildingsolarplants?
A.Cautious.
B.Approving.
C.Doubtful.
D.Disapproving.
(4)Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.HowtheRailwaysHaveAffectedtheWest
B.HowSolarEnergyCouldReshapetheWest
C.HowtheEffectsofPowerPlantsCanBeReduced
D.HowtheProblemsoftheHighwaysHaveBeenSettled
答案
(1)C
细节理解题。
根据第二段中“...haspresenteduniquechallenges”中的uniquechallenges可知土地所有制对土地的管理具有很大的挑战性。
故选C项。
(2)B
主旨大意题。
最后两段紧紧围绕钱和电力展开,从每段的第一句话也可看出叙述的中心是电力和钱;A、C、D三项只是文中的细节,不是叙述的中心,故选B项。
(3)A
推理判断题。
作者提到在美国西部建造铁路和高速路之后,美国西部的土地管理、环境、物种等都受到了不好的影响,以此与建造solarplants相联系,可见作者在对待solarplants的态度上是非常谨慎的,故选A项。
(4)B
主旨大意题。
作者以美国西部建造铁路和高速路给美国西部的土地管理、环境、物种等都带来了不好的影响,来表达了他的态度:
建造solarplants要三思而后行,B项引领全篇并起警醒作用。
故选B项。
第2题(2010年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(全国卷Ⅰ))
题目
C
AlongtheriverbanksoftheAmazonandtheOrinocotherelivesabirdthatswimsbeforeitcanfly,flieslikeafatchicken,eatsgreenleaves,hasthestomachofacowandhasclaws(爪)onitswingswhenyoung.Theybuildtheirhomesabout4.6mabovetheriver,animportantfeature(特征)forthesafetyoftheyoung.Itiscalledthehoatzin.
Inappearance,thebirdsofbothsexeslookverymuchalikewithbrownonthebackandcreamandredontheunderside.Theheadissmall,withalargesetoffeathersonthetop,brightredeyes,andblueskin.Itsnearestrelativesarethecommonbirds,cuckoos.Itsmoststrikingfeature,though,isonlyfoundintheyoung.
Babyhoatzinshaveaclawontheleadingedgeofeachwingandanotherattheendofeachwingtip.Usingthesefourclaws,togetherwiththebeak(喙),theycanclimbaboutinthebushes,lookingverymuchlikeprimitivebirdsmusthavedone.Whentheyounghoatzinshavelearnedtofly,theylosetheirclaws.
DuringthedriermonthsbetweenDecemberandMarchhoatzinsflyabouttheforestingroupsof20to30birds,butinApril,whentherainyseasonbegins,theycollecttogetherinsmallerlivingunitsoftwotosevenbirdsforproducingpurposes.
(1)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Hoatzinsindryandrainyseasons.
B.Therelativesandenemiesofhoatzins.
C.PrimitivebirdsandhoatzinsoftheAmazon.
D.Theappearanceandlivinghabitsofhoatzins.
(2)Younghoatzinsaredifferentfromtheirparentsinthat______.
A.theylooklikeyoungcuckoos B.theyhaveclawsonthewings
C.theyeatalotlikeacow D.theyliveonriverbanks
(3)Whatcanweinferaboutprimitivebirdsfromthetext?
A.Theyhadclawstohelpthemclimb.
B.Theycouldflylongdistances.
C.Theyhadfourwingslikehoatzins.
D.Theyhadaheadwithlongfeathersonthetop.
(4)Whydohoatzinscollecttogetherinsmallergroupswhentherainyseasoncomes?
A.Tofindmorefood. B.Toprotectthemselvesbetter.
C.Tokeepthemselveswarm. D.Toproducetheiryoung.
答案
(1)D 主旨大意题。
文章前两段主要介绍麝雉这种鸟类的外貌,后面主要介绍这种鸟类的部分体貌特征和生活习性,所以答案为D项。
(2)B 细节理解题。
根据文章第一段第一句“hasclawsonitswingswhenyoung”和第三段最后一句“Whentheyounghoatzinshavelearnedtofly,theylosetheirclaws.”可知,麝雉小的时候翅膀上带有爪子,长大学会飞翔后爪子就消失了。
由此判断答案为B项。
(3)A 推理判断题。
根据文章第三段“Usingthesefourclaws,togetherwiththebeak,theycanclimbaboutinthebushes,...”可知,远古的鸟类翅膀上也有爪子,帮助它们攀爬,所以答案为A项。
(4)D 细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段“whentherainyseasonbegins,theycollecttogetherinsmallerlivingunitsoftwotosevenbirdsforproducingpurposes.”可知,雨季来临时,麝雉单个群落数量减小是为了繁殖后代,所以答案为D项。
第3题(2010年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(安徽卷))
题目
E
Theneedtofeedagrowingpopulationisputtingmuchpressureontheworld'ssupplyofwater.With97%oftheworld'swatertoosaltytobedrunkorusedinagriculture,theworldwidesupplyofwaterneedscarefulmanagement,especiallyinagriculture.Althoughtheideaofawatershortage(短缺)seemsstrangetosomeonefortunateenoughtoliveinahighrainfallcountry,manyoftheworld'sagriculturalindustriesexperienceconstantwatershortages.
Althoughdamscanbebuilttostorewaterforagriculturaluseindryareasanddryseasons,thecostsofwaterredistribution(重新分配)areveryhigh.Notonlyistherethecostoftheengineeringitself,butthereisalsoanenvironmentalcosttobeconsidered.Wherevalleys(山谷)arefloodedtocreatedams,housesarelostandwildlifehomesdestroyed.Besides,watermayfloweasilythroughpipestofields,butitcannotbetransportedfromonesideoftheworldtotheother.Eachcountrymustthereforerelyonthemanagementofitsownwatertosupplyitsfarmingrequirements.
Thisisparticularlytroublingforcountrieswithagriculturalindustriesinareasdependentonirrigation(灌溉).InTexas,farmers'overuseofirrigationwaterhasresultedina25%reductionofthewaterstores.IntheCentralValleyareaofsouthwesternUSA,ahugewaterengineeringprojectprovidedwaterforfarmingindryvalleys,butmuchofthewaterusehasbeenpoorlymanaged.
SaudiArabia'sattemptstogrowwheatindesertareashaveseenthepumpingofhugequantitiesofirrigationwaterfromundergroundreserves.Becausethereisnorainfallintheseareas,suchreservescanonlydecrease,anditisbelievedthatfiftyyearsofpumpingwillseethemrundry.
(1)Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswelearntthat______.
A.muchoftheworld'swaterisavailableforuse
B.peopleinhighrainfallcountriesfeellucky
C.thecostsofwaterredistributionshouldbeconsidered
D.watercanbeeasilycarriedthroughpipesacrosstheworld
(2)Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.ThewaterstoresinTexashavebeenreducedby75%.
B.Mostindustriesintheworldsufferfromwatershortages.
C.TheundergroundwaterinSaudiArabiamightrunoutin50years.
D.GoodmanagementofwateruseresultedfromtheprojectintheCentralValley.
(3)Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?
A.Stepstoimprovingwaterusemanagement.
B.Waystoreducethecostsofbuildingdams.
C.Measurestodealwithworldwidewatershortages.
D.Approachestohandlingthepressureonwatersupply.
(4)Thetextismainlyabout______.
A.watersupplyandincreasingpopulation
B.waterusemanagementandagriculture
C.waterredistributionandwildlifeprotection
D.watershortagesandenvironmentalprotection
答案
(1)C 推理判断题。
根据文章第一段可知人口的不断增长给淡水的供应带来了压力。
第二段提到了解决水源缺乏的办法,但解决办法所付出的代价是巨大的,这不仅仅要考虑工程本身的代价,还要考虑对自然环境的破坏所付出的代价。
据此推断答案为C项。
根据第一段第二句话可知A项错误;第一段中的“...someonefortunateenoughtoliveinahighrainfallcountry,...”意思并非是说降水量大的地区的人们自身感到幸运,故B项错误;根据文章第二段倒数第二句话可知D项错误。
故选C项。
(2)C 细节理解题。
根据最后一段最后一句话中的“...anditisbelievedthatfiftyyearsofpumpingwillseethemrundry”可知C项正确;第三段第二句话提到水源储存减少了25%,而不是75%;文中没有B项的相关信息;根据倒数第二段最后一句话,可知D项与文中叙述内容相反。
(3)A 推理判断题。
文章第一段指出淡水源的贫乏问题,第二段作者提出了解决水源贫乏问题的唯一可行的办法就是依靠对水源的管理,第三、四段分别介绍了两个国家在水源管理中出现的弊端。
据此推断接下来作者会具体谈改善水源利用的管理措施。
故选A项。
(4)B 主旨大意题。
第一段:
淡水资源匮乏与农业生产;第二段:
解决办法与农业灌溉;第三段:
美国农业灌溉用水管理中显现的问题;第四段:
沙特阿拉伯利用地下水进行农业灌溉显现的问题。
综合上述不难判断本文主要讲述的是水源管理