供应链管理系统 第三版 Unit8 习题与问题详解文档格式.docx

1、 Moderate3. Aggregate planning solves problems involving aggregate decisions rather than stock keeping unit （SKU） level decisions.4. Traditionally, much of aggregate planning is focused within an enterprise and may not always be seen as a part of supply chain management.5. Aggregate planning is an i

2、mportant supply chain issue because, to be effective, it requires inputs from throughout the supply chain, but its results have little impact on the supply chain.6. Short-term production serves as a broad blueprint for operations and establishes the parameters within which aggregate planning decisio

3、ns are made.7. The aggregate planning problem is concerned with determining the production level, inventory level, and capacity level （internal and outsourced） for each period that maximizes the firms profit over the planning horizon.8. To create an aggregate plan, a company must specify the plannin

4、g horizon for the plan and the duration of each period within the planning horizon.9. A planning horizon is usually between three and five years.10. A poor aggregate plan can result in improved sales and profits if the available inventory and capacity are unable to meet demand.11. A poor aggregate p

5、lan may result in a large amount of excess inventory and capacity, thereby raising costs. True 12. The aggregate planner must make a trade-off between capacity, inventory, and backlog costs.13. An aggregate plan that increases one cost typically results in the increase of the other two.14. The time

6、flexible strategy is where the production rate is synchronized with the demand rate by varying machine capacity or hiring and laying off employees as the demand rate varies. Hard15. The time flexible strategy is where workforce （capacity） is kept stable but the number of hours worked is varied over

7、time in an effort to synchronize production with demand.16. The mixed strategy is where a stable machine capacity and workforce are maintained with a constant output rate with inventory levels fluctuating over time.17. Most strategies that an aggregate planner actually uses are in combination, and a

8、re referred to as mixed strategies.18. A highly effective tool for a company to use when it tries to maximize profits while being subjected to a series of constraints is aggregate programming.19. To improve the quality of these aggregate plans, forecast errors must be taken into account when formula

9、ting aggregate plans.20. Forecasting errors are dealt with in aggregate plans using either safety backlog or safety capacity.21. Safety inventory is defined as inventory held to satisfy demand that is higher than forecasted.22. Safety capacity is defined as capacity used to satisfy demand that is lo

10、wer than forecasted.23. Companies should work with downstream partners to produce forecasts and with upstream partners to determine constraints when doing aggregate planning.24. The aggregate plan should be viewed primarily as an in-house tool that does not need to be communicated to supply chain pa

11、rtners.25. Given that forecasts are always wrong to some degree, the aggregate plan needs to have some flexibility built into it if it is to be useful.26. A manager should perform sensitivity analysis on the inputs into an aggregate plan to choose the best solution for the range of possibilities tha

12、t could occur.27. As inputs into the aggregate plan change, managers do not need to make changes to the aggregate plan.28. As capacity utilization increases, it becomes less important to perform aggregate planning.Multiple Choice1. The process by which a company determines levels of capacity, produc

13、tion, subcontracting, inventory, stockouts, and even pricing over a specified time horizon isa. aggregate planning.b. detail planning.c. inventory planning.d. sales planning.e. all of the above a2. The goal of aggregate planning is toa. dissatisfy customers in a way that maximizes profit.b. dissatis

14、fy customers in a way that minimizes profit.c. satisfy demand in a way that maximizes profit.d. satisfy demand in a way that minimizes profit.e. none of the above c3. Aggregate planning solves problems involvinga. aggregate decisions and stock keeping unit （SKU） level decisions.b. aggregate decision

15、s or stock keeping unit （SKU） level decisions.c. aggregate decisions rather than stock keeping unit （SKU） level decisions.d. stock keeping unit （SKU） level decisions rather than aggregate decisions.e. b and c only4. Aggregate planning, to be effective, requires inputs froma. all customers.b. all dep

16、artments.c. all suppliers.d. throughout the supply chain.e. throughout the company. d5. Much of aggregate planning has traditionally been focuseda. on short-term production scheduling.b. on customer relationship management.c. within an enterprise.d. beyond enterprise boundaries.6. Which of the follo

17、wing are not operational parameters the aggregate planner is concerned with? a. production rateb. workforcec. overtimed. backorderse. inventory on hand7. The operational parameter concerned with the number of units completed per unit time （such as per week or per month） isa. production rate.b. workf

18、orce.c. overtime.d. backlog.e. inventory on hand.8. The operational parameter concerned with the number of workers/units of capacity needed for production is b9. The operational parameter concerned with the amount of overtime production planned is10. The operational parameter concerned with demand n

19、ot satisfied in the period in which it arises, but carried over to future periods is11. The operational parameter concerned with the planned inventory carried over the various periods in the planning horizon is e12. The operational parameter concerned with the number of units of machine capacity nee

20、ded for production isa. machine capacity level.b. subcontracting.13. The operational parameter concerned with the subcontracted capacity required over the planning horizon is14. The aggregate plana. serves as a broad blueprint for operations.b. establishes the parameters within which short-term prod

21、uction and distribution decisions are made.c. allows the supply chain to alter capacity allocations and change supply contracts.d. all of the above15. Aggregate planning is concerned with determining a. the production level, sales level, and capacity for each period.b. the demand level, inventory le

22、vel, and capacity for each period.c. the production level, inventory level, and capacity for each period.d. the production level, staffing level, and capacity for each period.16. To create an aggregate plan, a company must specifya. the planning horizon for the plan.b. the duration of each period wi

23、thin the planning horizon.c. key information required.e. a and b only17. The planning horizon isa. the time period over which the aggregate plan is to produce a solution.b. the duration of each time period in the aggregate plan.c. the length of time required to produce the aggregate plan.d. the solu

24、tion to the aggregate plan.18. The length of the planning horizon is usually between a. one and three months.b. three and eighteen months.c. one and three years.d. three and five years.19. Which of the following is not information needed by the aggregate planner?a. demand forecast for each period in the planning horizonb. production costsc. labor costsd. cost of subcontracting productione. cost of changing