初中英语单词运用Word格式文档下载.docx

1、过去将来Would/should doWould/should be doingWould/should have doneWould/should have been doing 一般进行完成 现在do / doesam / is/ are doinghave / has done 过去didwas / were doinghad done 将来shall / will doshall/ will be doingshall / will have done 过去将来Would/should doWould/should be doingWould/should have done 但常用的

2、时态有八种。 （一）一般现在时 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作（习惯性的动作）或存在的状态，句中常用always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day等时间状语。 例如： He goes to school at seven oclock every day. The sun rises in the east. （二）一般过去时 一般过去时主要用于表示过去的动作、行为或状态，句中常有yesterday, ago, in 1989, once, last week （month, year）, at that time, jus

3、t now 等时间状语。 He was born in 1989. I used to play football when I was young. （三）一般将来时 英语动词表示将来时有多种形式，其共同特点是句中常有表示将来时间的状语，如：tomorrow, next week, in a week等 We will visit the science museum next week. We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow. （四）现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在时刻正在进行的动作或表示现阶段正在做的事情，句中常与now, at this

4、 moment等时间状语连用。 The boy is playing video games. His father is writing a novel these days. （五）现在完成时 现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或还要延续下去，句中常用since, for, yet, already等表示一段时间的状语。 Great changes have taken place in China since 1980. He has been in this factory for five years. （六）过去进行时 过去进行时表示在过去某个时候正在进行

5、的动作或过去某个阶段正在做的事情。 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. When I came in, they were having supper. （七）过去完成时 表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或状态，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。 By the end of last year, we had learned more than 2,000 English words. My teacher had taught in that school for ten years bef

6、ore she came here. （八）过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句当中，主句中的谓语动词一般是过去时。 He said that he would study harder than before. He didnt tell me when he would go. 六.名词性从句 名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、补语从句及同位语从句； 定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子，且在句子中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等成分； （1）同位语从句 eg：I know the man, the president of t

7、he New Oriental School. 同位语从句：对前面名词的进一步解释； 英语中的简单句：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句。He is a student. Are you a student? Who is a student?关系词不再和前面的名词有关系，而是取决于后面的从句；I know the fact. He is a student. I know the fact that he is a student.I have a question. I have a question weather you are a student. I have a question w

8、ho is a student. 从句仍然接在名词之后，名词有可能为answer，belief，concept，explaination，fact，hope, message, news, promise, prove, question, thought等，后面可以接同位语从句； 形式：名词+从句；连接词取决于后面的从句是什么样的形式； 如果是陈述句，直接加that引导； 一般疑问句：先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上weather或者if； 特殊疑问句：直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的句子变成陈述句语序； The news soon spread the whole school. T

9、hey had won the game. The news that they had won the game soon spread the whole school. The news that they had won the game came. News came that they had won the game. Information has been issued. More middle school student will be adimited to universities. Information that more middle school studen

10、t will be adimited to universities has been issued. Information has been issued that more middle school student will be adimited to universities. The question was answered by the family doctor Weather we should send for an specialist. The question weather we should send for an specialist was answere

11、d by the family doctor. 同位语从句的形式和定语从句的形式非常相似，两者最大的区别在于同位语从句的功能在于对前面的名词进行进一步的解释，定语从句的功能在于对前面的名词进行进一步的修饰和限定； 如果关系词为weather，how, what, 一定是同位语从句； 如果名词前的关系词为when, where, why，若when前面的名词是地点，where前面的名词是时间，why 前面的名词是原因，那么一定是定语从句；若when, where, why前面不是地点、时间和原因，那么是同位语从句； 如果关系词为which，则通过中文翻译进行区分；若which能翻译成哪一个，则一

12、定是同位语从句，若不能，则为定语从句； 如果关系词为that，则需要对句子进行成分分析来判定；如果that在句子中充当成分，则是定语从句，否则即为同位语从句；The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good. The suggestion that she has given in the meeting is good. 例：The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral climate, say

13、s this ethics professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it. 五、定语从句：I know the girl. The girl comes from Beijing. I know the girl who comes from Beijing. 步骤： 1.找到两个句子中相同的名词； 2.将两个名词中的一个进行替换，若是人，用who替换；若是物，用which替换；that既可以指人，又可以指物； 3. 将who 或w

14、hich引导的句子放在相同名词之后；I like reading books. The books were written by O Henry. I like reading books which were written by O Henry.I planted a tree. The tree is taller than the house. The tree which I planted is taller than the house. 1. who/that/which所引导的句子必须放在相同名词之后；The teacher prized the boy. The boy

15、is my neighbor. The boy who the teacher prized is my neighbor.This is the book. You are looking for the book. This is the book which you are looking for. You are interested in the book. This is the book which you are interested in. 2. 谓语动词（结构）和后面的介词有两种关系：关系紧密关系疏远； 关系紧密：谓语结构和介词合成在一起，联系紧密，不可分割，一旦分割意思就

16、会发生改变；look for, be interested in , look after, look at 定语从句中如果谓语结构和介词关系紧密，则介词必须保留在谓语结构的后面，不能做任何位置的改动；如果谓语结构和介词关系疏远，介词一般提到which/who/that的前面； eg: This is the book in which you are interested . This is the book which you asked for. 3. 关系代词和关系副词：Beijing is the place. I was born in the place. Beijing is

17、the place which I was born in. Beijing is the place in which I was born . 定语从句中，如果介词+which表示地点，则可以用where替换； Beijing is the place where I was born . I cant forget the day. I join the army on the day.t forget the day which I join the army on.t forget the day on which I join the army .t forget the day

18、when I join the army . 判断：This is the mountain village where I visited last year. This is the mountain village in which I visited last year. This is the mountain village which I visited in last year. 正确：This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year. 4. 判断关系代词和关系副词的方法： （1）不管是关系代词还是关系副词，

19、都取决于从句中的谓语动词； 若该谓语动词为及物动词，则一定使用关系代词；若该谓语动词为不及物动词，且其后没有介词，则一定使用关系副词；I will never forget the days when I worked together with you. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. I will never forget the days which I spent in the countryside. （2）通过判断先行词在定语从句中的成分Is this the museum （that ）

20、you visited a few days ago? the museum：充当visit的宾语 Is this the museum （ in which/where ） the exhibition was held? 关系代词：前面句子里的先行词也要在后面的句子里充当主语或者宾语的成分； 介词+which，恰好表示时间和地点，可以替换成when，where这样的关系副词； 5 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 （1） 非限定性定语从句：先行词（即名词）后有一个逗号； In our school，there were 8 foreign teachers who come from Au

21、stralia.（限定性定语从句） In our school，there were 8 foreign teachers， who come from Australia.（非限定性定语从句） 限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系非常紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思会改变； 非限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系不是很紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思不会改变，定语从句只起到补充说明的意义；This is the house which we bought last month. （2）非限定性定语从句： 先行词是前面的整句话； He won the first place in the

22、competition, which is out of our expectation. We will spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, which was decided last year. This is the house, which we bought last month. 非限定性定语从句：which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在后面，as则只能放在句子前面； Smoking is harmful to our heath, which we know. Smoking is harmful to our heath, as we

23、 know. As we know, smoking is harmful to our heath.Alice received an invitation from her boss（ ） came as a surprise . A. It B. that C. as D. which （3）that和which的区别： 什么时候不能用that，只能用which：非限定性定语从句中，即逗号之后；The tree , that is 400 years old, which is very famous here. 什么时候不能用that，只能用which：介词后面不能用that，只能用w

24、hich； We depend on the land, from which we can get our food . in that：因为； （4）什么时候不能用which，只能用that： 前面的先行词是不定代词，包括all，anything，nothing，the one， much，little等；Have you taken down everything that Mr. Lee has said ? 如果先行词中出现了the only, the very等；This is the only way that we can think out. 如果先行词中出现了序数词和形容词最高级；