网球在中西方的发展差异Word文件下载.docx

1、本文采用文献资料法，比较研究法等想相关研究方法，对中国和西方发达国家的网球发展作比较研究，通过对异同作深层次比较研究，发现中西方网球运动相关领域的差异及其对中西方网球运动发展的影响，从而找到中国网球运动发展与西方网球运动发展的差距。根据研究的需要，本文将中西方网球运动比较的范围确定在中西方文化，社会背景和经济等方面进行考察，得出以下研究结论： 1.网球是西方传统文化的产物，西方人在参加网球运动时具有天然的适应性和传承性，而中国传统文化在一定程度上影响着网球在中国的发展。 2.与西方网球运动相比，中国网球运动仍处于落后阶段。在综合比较中，找到差距的成因，并努力改变，中国的网球才能与西方网球想匹敌

2、。关键词：网球；中国；西方；差异 Analysis on the gap of tennis between China and WestAbstract Europe is the birthplace of tennis, and some time later, tennis has been introduced to many countries around the world. Tennis arrived in China a little bit late and yet develops rapidly. Chinese female tennis players have

3、 won the 2004 Athens Olympic,the 2008 Australia open and the 2011 France open, which marks a new beginning. But as seen from the whole, the tennis level between China and west is distinct. Therefore, how to compare the similarities and differences of tennis and find out the favorable factors to Chin

4、ese tennis is an important subject to many theoretical workers to pay attention and for in-depth research. For this reason, this study, using literature method, comparative analysis and other research, makes a comparative study between Chinese tennis and the western tennis. Through a deeper level st

5、udy between similarities and differences, this thesis aims to find the disparity, and to provide appropriate suggestions for the Chinese tennis. On the need of the study, this paper will fix the scope of the comparison in culture, social background and economy development. Following are the conclusi

6、ons:1. Tennis is a product of western culture and westerners have a natural adaptation and transmission when they play tennis, traditional Chinese culture, on the other hand, interferes the development of tennis.2. Comparing with the western tennis level, China is falling behind. By comparing the di

7、fferences between China and West in various aspects, we may find the causes and improve ourselves and try to catch up with the western countries.Key Words：Tennis; China; West; Difference Introduction Historians believe that the games ancient origin lay in 12th century northernFrance, where a ball wa

8、s struck with the palm of the hand1.The French kingwas a keen player ofjeu de paume（“game of the palm”）, which evolved intoreal tennis, and became notable as the first person to construct indoor tennis courts in the Modern style .Tennis has swept the world around these years, and tennis players both

9、 from home or broad are doing a great job. Chinese tennis is developing extremely fast recent years, and the most remarkable monument is when Lina won the French open in 2011.People in china are now so obsessed with tennis that they wouldnt miss a game, their enthusiasm is heightened. But the differ

10、ence between China and west is still distinguishing. The development of western tennis has reached a level that china cant catch up with. For instance, the four great tennis matches are held in western countries, and their tennis players always rank the first place in the list. There is no Asian mal

11、e players who can have a sit in the top ten list. Some may wonder why this happens. Many researches are made by scholars or theoretical workers to explain this interesting phenomenon and how it goes so far. However, what people care about are merely the top players, their introduction and how many m

12、edals they have won, or even their gossip. They usually negate the most important facts. Few ever reach this issue from cultural view, social background view or economic view. Following are the analyses on this issue.I. The difference of tennis between China and West in cultural aspect1.1 The rules

13、of tennis matchesTennisis aracquet sportthat can be played individually against a single opponent （singles） or between two teams of two players each （doubles）. Each player uses aracquetthat is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubberballcovered with felt over or around a net and into the opponents

14、 court. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a good return. The opponent who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite opponent will.Tennis is anOlympicsport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.

15、 The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racquet includingwheelchair users. The modern game of tennis originated inBirmingham,England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis2. It had close connections both to various field （lawn） games such ascroquetandbowlsas well as to the older racquet

16、sport ofreal tennis. During most of the 19th-century in fact, the term tennis referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, inDisraelis novelSybil（1845）, Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will go down toHampton Courtand play tennis.The rules of tennis have changed little since the 1890s

17、. Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times, and the adoption of thetie-breakin the 1970s. A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system, which allows a p

18、layer to contest the line call of a point. Tennis is played by millions of recreational players and is also a popular worldwide spectator sport. The fourGrand Slamtournaments （also referred to as the Majors） are especially popular: theAustralian Openplayed onhard courts, theFrench Openplayed on redc

19、lay courts, Wimbledongrass courts, and theUS Openplayed also on hard courts.1.2 Influence of Chinese culture on tennis development From the development of culture, the circle of conflict and combination of culture is destined, or we can say that the communication of culture boost the development.3.A

20、ncient China was located in the east of Asia, with the pacific ocean to the east, vast desert and arid grassland in north, steep Hengduan mountain ranges and Himalayas mountains in southeast（which including Tibetan plateau, known as the roof of the world）. With all these special surroundings, a rela

21、tively complete, independent and closed natural geographic unit was formed. Traditional Chinese culture, which came out of this unique natural geographic environment, was often colored with a strong tendency of “self-centered” initiative. The Chinese character is the best proof, as the saying goes,“

22、china, the center of the world”. It is the result of long time pride self consciousness and national consciousness, this cultural egoism permeates the life of Chinese people in all aspects. Chinese sports culture is the consequence of the evolution of traditional Chinese culture, based on the indivi

23、dual agricultural economy with patriarchal family as its background and Confucian thoughts as its core. Chinese people believe in collectivism. The Chinese nation of thousands of years has developed its own glorious and variable culture in the process. Traditional Chinese culture value peace and pay

24、 less attention to competition, but the soul of sports is to compete with others, and this contradicts traditional Chinese culture. Family is the center of everything and they despise individualism, Chinese culture attaches great importance to unity and modesty, thus making sport activities hard to

25、carry out. Especially for sport like tennis, they used to think it was too violent and refused to play it, and this resistance had influenced their children. Generations by generations, tennis in China had not swirled , and it was in the dark corner for a while. Traditional Chinese culture was a kin

26、d of ethical culture, which paid much attention to the doctrine of the mean, while so less to competition, but the vitality of sports lies in competition, the Confucian ethics was totally against it. Confucian ethics vualuable part. Traditional Chinese culture put family above anything and it loathe

27、 egoism, people are required to follow the “Three cardinal guides and Five constant virtues”, their behavior must be harmonious, unified and modest, the result is that the whole nation suffer from psychological inequality, their creativity is pressed by the morality as well as by the team rule, thus

28、 making the tennis match unfair for them to compete. “By learning from the west, all these have great effect on politics, economy, military and education”4 . From The feudal ethics of the Grand unification kills the aggressive mind and competitive spirit in the tennis players,in consequence, our ten

29、nis players is short of independence concept and creativity.Sport is the result of culture. Although it is also influenced by race and language, culture is the most important one.5Traditional Chinese culture attach great importance to intelligence while so less to physical sport, favoring “calmness”

30、 over “movement”, the supporters of this think people with great intelligence are the rule, while people who work physical are the ruled. The wind of despising physical labor and sports activities has been current for a long long time. Especially when it comes to the Han dynasty, the situation gets

31、even worse and everything is about Confucianism. People who play sports would be thought as cake eaters, extreme sports are despised. And because of it, some traditional sports have fallen into entertain performance in court, losing its original intention. The selection of tennis talents is highly strictly limited as the consequence of this wind, parents refuse to let their gifted children engage in professional tennis, hence, tennis lack enough social attention and support, the idea to popularize tennis also becomes quite difficult. Chinese people in old tim