高考英语专项考情分析代词和介词Word文档格式.docx

1、itTo really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune.Napoleon只有在不幸时才能真正了解一个人。拿破仑（二）物主代词形容词性物主代词相当于形容词， 在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语， 不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”， 可单独作主语、表语和宾语， 也可与of连用作后置定语， 但不能单独作定语。形容词性物主代词myyourhisitsourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshersourstheirs（2016四川高考语法填空）By that time，the panda no long

2、er needed its mother for food.到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。（朗文辞典）The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。（三）反身代词反身代词在句中可用作宾语或表语、同位语。还可以作名词或代词的同位语， 加强语气， 表示“亲自， 本人”的意思。myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself, herself, itselfthemselves

3、Those who smoke heavily should remind themselves of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒他们自己注意健康、难闻的气味以及他人的感受。含有反身代词的习惯用语： by oneself单独地，独自地；for oneself亲自，为自己；devote oneself to 致力于；apply oneself to 专心致志于；enjoy oneself 过得愉快； help oneself to 随便吃；随便用；make yourself at home

4、 不拘束；seat oneself 坐下；behave oneself 举止得体； come to oneself恢复知觉；苏醒过来；adapt/adjust oneself to适应于；abandon oneself to沉迷于，放纵于；express oneself 表达某人的思想；lose oneself in （be lost in）迷失于；say to oneself心里想；talk to oneself自言自语 【即时训练】.单句语法填空1（2016四川高考）When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in _（he） hand. 答案

5、：2（2017湖南桃江一中月考）Millie gave me a baby cat yesterday that hurt _（it） when it fell from the tree.itself.单句改错1She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please her._please后面的her改为him河北唐山高三模拟）They are heading

6、for Florida for them honeymoon and plan to frame the treasured picture as soon as they get back._themtheir/the考点二不定代词（一）all, both, either, any, none, neither都任何一个都不部分否定两者botheitherneithernot eitherboth和not连用三者或三者以上allanynonenot anyall和not连用（2017山东烟台期中）I asked Tom and Mike to come to my birthday part

7、y, but neither appeared.我邀请了汤姆和迈克来参加我的生日聚会，但他们一个都没来。（江西高考）When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?我什么时候（给你）打电话方便， 上午还是下午？Either. Ill be in all day.都可以， 我将一整天都在家。Its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do both.这是一种二选一的情况：我们今年要么买一辆新车， 要么去度假， 但

8、两者不可兼得。（二）none, nothing, no one/nobodynonenone既指人也指物，后面可接of短语，一般用来回答how many, how much 和which的提问nothingnothing只指物，后面不能接of短语，用来回答what的提问no one/nobodyno one和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短语，一般回答who的提问（重庆高考）A smile costs nothing, but gives much.一个微笑不值什么钱， 但是却给予很多。Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he

9、 doesnt love it.没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，如果他不热爱它。I was going to offer you some cake, but there is none left.我本打算请你吃蛋糕， 但一点也没剩下。部分否定和全部否定（1）no one, none, nobody, nothing, not. any/either以及“no名词”都表示全部否定；（2）all, both, everyone/everybody/everything以及“every名词”与not 连用时，表示部分否定；（3）not与总括性副词，如everywhere, always, al

10、together 等连用时，也表示部分否定。（三）other, the other, another, others, the othersotherother泛指“另外一些”，只作定语，常与可数名词复数连用the otherthe other指两个人或物中的“另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one.the other.”（一个；另一个）another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。常与one连用，构成one.another.泛指“一个另一个”。另外another与数词连用，表示“再，又”，即：another数词n.（pl.）数词mo

11、ren.（pl.）others, the othersothers泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于“other可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成some.others.。 the others特指“其余的所有人或物”，相当于“the other可数名词复数”（2015陕西高考）To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.为了暖和自己， 那个海员坐在火堆前， 两只光脚丫互相蹭着。浙江宁波二模）Its one thing to send a short mess

12、age to him but another to have him actually do something.给他发短信是一回事，而让他真正去做某事却是另外一回事。（四）each和every代词用法each（1）强调“个体”， 可作代词和形容词，指两者或两者以上中的每一个（2）可以与of短语连用；可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致every（1）强调（整体中的）每一个，只能作定语，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”（2）与not连用构成部分否定（3）可用来表示“每隔”：every基数词名词复数 “每”；every other单数

13、名词 “每隔一”（4）不可与of短语连用（上海高考） When he took his gloves off, I noticed that each one had his name written inside.当他摘下手套时， 我注意到每只手套里面都写着他的名字。Almost every student in our class passed the English exam yesterday.昨天我们班几乎每个同学英语考试都及格了。Each of them has a dictionary.They each have a dictionary.他们每人都有一本字典。【即时训练】单句

14、语法填空江苏高考单项填空）While some people are motivated by a need for success, _are motivated by a fear of failure.others2（2015四川高考单项填空）Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge.3We have two seats free here. Which one would you like?_！My mother is coming to see the film with me.Both4Frankly

15、 speaking, _ of them knew what the other was doing that morning.neither考点三it的用法（一）指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等。当说话者弄不清对方是谁或不清楚说话对象的性别时，也常用it来表示（北京高考）The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.由于当地政府的努力， 大城市的就业率不断上升。替代词（it, that, one）的用

16、法区别特指前面提到过的同一个人或物that替代上文出现的“the不可数名词或可数名词单数”， 表特指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为thoseone替代上文出现的“a/an单数可数名词”，表泛指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为ones（二）it指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度、地点等Its early spring, but it is already hot.现在是初春， 但是天气已经很热了。It is six miles from here to the nearest hospital.从这儿到最近的医院有6英里。（三）it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语

17、往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当（山东高考）Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind. As is known to us all，he is so stubborn.试图说服他改变主意是浪费时间的。众所周知，他是如此的固执。it作形式主语或形式宾语的常考句式：（1）It is a pity/shame that. 真可惜I

18、t is no wonder that. 难怪It seems/appears that. 似乎/看来It looks/seems as if/as though. 看起来好像It happens that. 碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that. 某人突然想起It is said/reported that. 据说/据报道It is no use/good doing. 做没有用/好处。It takes sb. some time to do. 做花费某人多长时间。It is certain that. 是一定的。It turns out

19、 that. 结果是（2）主语think/consider/believe/find/make/feelitadj./n.to do/doing/that.（3）主语like, enjoy, prefer, love, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on/rely on, see toitthat/if/when.（四）含有it的常考短语或句型：1It depends.视情况而定。Dont mention it.不客气。Take it easy.别着急。believe it or not信不信由你make it成功，做到，约定时间take it for g

20、ranted that.认为是理所当然的as someone puts it像某人所说的那样When it comes to.当涉及/谈到owe it to sb. that.把归功于某人keep it in mind that.把铭记在心2Its （high） time that sb. should do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。It is the first/second/. time that sb. have/has done sth.这是某人第一次 /二次/次做某事。It is/has been. since.自从多久了。It will be/was. before

21、.要过时间才It is/was时间点when.当时候，时间是强调句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who.1Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.2Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.3Jenny, the newcomer, h

22、as earned not only the trust of her classmates but also _ of her teachers.1We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose that based on your own interests._thatone2（陕西高考）Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come._在if前加it考点四常考介词的用法（一）表示时间的介词介词at表示时

23、间点，用于具体的时刻，或用于把某一时间看作某一时刻的词（正午、午夜、黎明、拂晓、日出、日落等）之前以及某些表示节假日的词之前。at 6：00 oclock 在6点钟；at daybreak在黎明；at noon在中午；at Christmas在圣诞节期间on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上（常有前置定语或后置定语修饰）。on （the morning of） March 183月18日（早晨）；on Sunday在周日；on Monday afternoon在周一下午；on a rainy day morning在一个雨天的上午in表示在某段较长的时间内。in t

24、he 20th century在 20世纪；in 1999在 1999 年；in winter在冬季；in September在9月；in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上since时间点自从以来for时间段长达during 在期间until/till 直到by 到为止；不迟于after 在之后before 在之前over 在期间；直到结束（福建高考）My father had longed to play music since childhood, but his family was poor and couldnt afford lesson

25、s.我父亲从小就渴望演奏音乐， 但是他家很穷， 承担不起上课的费用。Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.很抱歉没给你打电话， 可是这几个星期我一直很忙。（1）在以下的时间短语中， at表示时间段。at dinner time在（吃）晚饭时；at weekends/the weekend在周末（2）当时间名词前有this, that, last, next, every, each, some等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。this morning今天上午；last yea

26、r去年（3）“on/upon名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一就”。（二）表示方位的介词后常接相对较小的地方后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内表示“在上”；表示相邻并接壤的两个地域across表示“从的表面穿过”through表示“从的内部穿过”over表示“从的正上方跨过”（under）above指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”（below）There is a glass on the table, a map of the world on the wall, and a clock above this map.桌子

27、上有一只玻璃杯， 墙上有一幅世界地图， 这幅地图的上方有一个钟表。 Be careful enough while walking across the street.过马路时务必要足够小心。Walk through the gate and youll see the flag.走过大门， 你就会看到那面旗。（三）表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时， with, by, in, on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。如：by train乘火车；on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视；with a pencil用铅笔用“in（on）表示交通工具的名词”也可表示交通方式。此时交通工具名词前必须有冠词、名词所有格形式或形容词性物主代词等限定词。He often goes to school in a car/