必修一语法复习.docx

1、必修一语法复习GrammarModule 1一般现在时与现在进行时1一般现在时的用法1 用于叙述现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays 等表示频度的时间状语连用。I have breakfast at 7 every morning. 我每天七点吃早饭。He goes swimming on Sundays. 每周日他都去游泳2 表示现阶段存在的状态，特征或心理活动。I like playing basketball. 我喜欢打篮球。3 用于描述客观事实或真理。The sun rises in the ea

2、st and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。4 表示主语具备的性格，能力或特征。 This taxi driver knows the city of Beijing like the back of his hand. 这位司机对北京城了如指掌。5 在时间，条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I will write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 我一到上海就给你写信。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。6 按照时刻表，日程表发生

3、的事情也常用一般现在时态。The plane takes off at 8 oclock and lands at 11 oclock. 2现在进行时1 描述现在正在进行的动作。We are watching TV我们正在看电视。 What are you reading now? 你在读什么书2 有时也可以用来代替一般现在时，描述一个经常性的动作，常与always, continually, constantly, forever等表示频度的副词连用，表示经常，反复的动作，表达厌烦，不满赞扬等情感。They are always helping each other 他们总是互帮互助（赞美）

4、He is always asking silly questions . 他总是问些无聊的问题 （厌烦）3 可以表示一段时间内在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻可能不再进行，常与表示一段时间的时间状语 these days, this week等连用。He is writing a novel these days. 这些天他正在写小说。 More and more people are giving up smoking.越来越多的人在戒烟。4 现在进行时可以描述即将发生的动作。常用于一些表示位置移动的词 begin, start , leave , come , go, arrive, stay

5、等。 I am meeting my friend this afternoon. 今天下午我要去见朋友。 The train is leaving soon. 火车马上就要离开了。 5 表示一种渐变的过程。It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和了。 She is finding that physics is more and more difficult than chemistry. 她渐渐发现物理越来越比化学难了。 巩固练习1 If it _ tomorrow, Ill go by car. A rain B rains C. will rai

6、n D. would rain . 2 He _ watching TV at home. A likes B. is liking C. like D. has liked. 3 Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the new future. A cut B are cut C are being cut D. had been cut 4 - When did he go to America? - Oh, he _ there since half a

7、year ago. A. went B has been C. has gone D. was 5 It was until then that I came to know that knowledge _ only from practice. A has come B comes C came D had come. Keys :1-5BACBB Module 2一.prefer(preferred/preferred/preferring) 更喜欢would rather do sth 宁愿做某事prefer A to B prefer doing A to doing Bprefer

8、 to do A rather than do Bwould rather do A than do Bwould do A rather than do Bwould rather (that) sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事（用一般过去时表示现在和将来） would rather (that) sb had done sth宁愿某人做某事（过去完成时表示过去的情况）二动名词（v-ing）在句中常做主语，宾语和表语1英语中只跟动名词作宾语而不跟不定式的动词或动词短语有：enjoy,finish,avoid,admit,practice,consider,imagine,keep,adv

9、ise,suggest,appreciate,allow,permit,mind,miss等以及be good at be fond of lead to put off give up look forward to Feel like be/get used to be worth 等2下列动词可跟不定式或动名词 continue,stop,like,hate,prefer,love,remember,forget,regret,mean,require,want,need,try等注：（1）continue to do /continue doing 意义相同（2）like/love/h

10、ate/prefer 后跟动名词表示通常的倾向；后跟不定式表示某一特定行为或还未发生的行为 （3）need/want/require表示“需要”时，need/want/require+doing sth = need/want/require+ to be done (4 ) 下列动词后接不定式或动名词意义不同：stop, remember, forget, regret, try, meanStop to do sth remember to do sth forget to do sthStop doing sth remember doing sth forget doing sthre

11、gret to do sth try to do sth mean to do sthregret doing sth try doing sth mean doing sth1. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct2. -You are brave enough to speak against him. -Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. done D

12、. having done3. There is something wrong with his bike. It really needs _. A. to repair B. repairing C. be repaired D. being repaired4. Lets stop _ and _ a rest. A. to work; have B. working; having C. to work; to have D. working; to haveKeys: BDBDModule 3一：过去分词作定语1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语表示动作的被动和完成，单个的过去分词作定语

13、置于被修饰的名词前，而短语则位于名词后。 废弃的农场_ 口语英语_ 与专家烹制的饭菜_abandoned farms , spoken English, meals cooked by experts 2. 不及物动词的过去分词无被动含义，只表示动作的完成。落叶_升起的太阳_-改变了的世界_退休的老师_fallen leaves, risen sun, changed world, retired teacher3.有些过去分词失去了被动意义，而作形容词，表示“感到-的”，现在分词表示“令人-的”。 迷惑的表情_ 失望的孩子们_ 累了的人们_满意的表情_puzzled expression,

14、disappointed children , exhausted people, satisfied expression. 4. 过去分词可构成合成词作定语widely-used language school-run factoryman-made satellitehighly-developed industry 被广泛应用的语言， 校办工厂， 人造卫星， 高度发达的工业注意：分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。 He is one of those invited.练习

15、：1. There was an _ look on his face when the actress appeared.A excited B excite C exciting D excitedly 2. Its wrong for the _countries to control the world. A development B developing C developed D develop3. A metal _ uranium gives off a kind of radiation. A calling B called C is called D which is

16、calling 4. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than sore price. A are bought B bought C been bought D which is calling 练习：A C B B Module 41.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. 2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用. 3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如

17、already, yet, just, before,recently, lately等: 4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: 5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等: 6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作

18、,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性. Module 5比较等级：1) 倍数的表示方法（half, double, twice, times）倍数 + as + 形容词 +as 倍数 + 形容词的比较级 +than倍数 + the size (length ,width ,height, depth) of2)“越来越”的表示方法比较级 + and + 比较级(不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变) e.g. Its getting brighter and brighter.“The+比较级+of th

19、e two”, 表示两者之中“较的一个更”.Who wants the bigger of the two?the + 比较级（+主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（+主语 +谓语）The closer you are, the more you will see.3）可修饰比较级的词: a bit, a little , rather, much, far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even必须放在比较级形容词或副词的前面Come a bit closer.We need rather more than that.It w

20、eighs a little more than before.Itll be a lot heavier than magnesium.Is it any heavier?We need a piece which is much bigger than that.Module 6一、冠词的分类：二、定冠词的用法。 1.定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。 2.定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。 3.定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。如：thesun，themoon，theearth，thesky，theworld，thewi

21、nternight4.定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物。 5. 用在序数词、形容词最高级或两者之间比较及only, very, same 等形容词前。 6. 与形容词或分词连用表示一类人或一种抽象概念。如：the poor穷人; the young 年轻人； the false 谬论；the true真理 7. 用于表示乐器的名词前面。 8. 用于姓氏的复数前， 表示一家人。 9. 用于逢十的复数名词之前，指世纪的某个年代。 10. 用于有些国家和民族的形容词之前，泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员。如： the Japanese日本人，the French法国人， _英国人三、 不使用冠词的

22、情况 1. 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2. 泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；3. 抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；4. 物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；_5. 在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to _.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6. 在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7. 在三

23、餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast，play chess 8. 当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；I cant write without _没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。9. 当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train； 10. 有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义； go to hospital去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)11. 不用冠词的序数词； a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race. c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last零冠词口诀月、季、星期、节假、洲， 呼语、头衔、职务前，三餐、球类、惯用语， 学科、棋类、名词