考研英语复习之书信写作考研英语暑期备战.docx

1、考研英语复习之书信写作考研英语暑期备战2014考研英语复习之书信写作考研英语暑期备战 I. The criteriaII. Format of a letterIII. Types of lettersIII. Drills and Samples考研大纲对小作文的要求 遵循文章的特定文体格式。 根据写作目的和特定的读者，恰当选用语域。这是指公务和私人信函的语言不同，其他类型的应用文都要求较正式的语言 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯。 语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当。应用文行文流程 审题：根据Directions确定应用文类型、字数、构架 想素材：联想与本文相关的素材、词汇 列提纲：确定

2、写作重点、组织素材成段，列出每段提纲 写作：根据提纲与词汇，进行正文写作，注意格式 检查：标点、拼写和语法，审核字数书信写作的基本格式 书信(Letter)一般可分为公务信件或公函(Business/Official Correspondence)以及私人信件(Private/Personal Letter)两类。 书信格式主要有英式和美式两种。 英式：传统的缩进式结构，即每段的第一行缩进4-8个字符，且每段缩进距离一致；称呼顶格写，落款居中间偏右。 美式：齐头式，商务英语与电邮中流行，特点是各段第一行都顶格写段与段间空一行，称呼、落款都顶格写。书信结构包括： 1. 信头（Heading）：写

3、信人地址和日期 2. 信内地址(Inside address)：收信人地址 3. 称呼(Salutation) 4. 正文(Body) 5. 结束语(Complimentary close) 6. 签名(Signature) 有时还包括附言(Postscript)和附件(Attachment/Enclosure)。书信范文格式：缩进式 Mr. Jim Wang 105 Xingang Road (West) Guangzhou, 51027 June 10, 2013Dear Mr. Wang, I noted with interest your advertisement for a PR

4、 manager in todays China Daily. You will see from the enclosed curriculum vitae that I am majoring in PR science at Sun Yat-sen University and have won prizes in three consecutive years. You may also see that I had three months experience as assistant to aPR manager when I was a trainer clerk at a t

5、ravel agency. Myresponsibilities there included all types of secretarial work, arranging and attending presentations, working with clients, solving problems that arose, and dealing with company affairs in the place of the manager when he was away. Although the school has promised me a teaching post

6、after my graduation and I can do a good job of teaching, I feel that my prospects with the school would be limited and that there would be more scope for my talents with a more challenging and dynamic company. If you consider that my qualifications and experience are suitable, I should be available

7、for interview at any time. Yours sincerely, Li Ming Encl.: curriculum vitae考纲规定：考研写作不需信头和信内地址，只需从称呼、正文、结束语，签名统一用Li Ming（一）或Zhang Wei（二）。 1. 称呼(Salutation) Dear Sir or Madam, Dear sirs, To Whom It May Concern(推荐信、证明信、鉴定信) Dear Mr. James, Dear Prof. Davis, Dear Dr. White Dear Susan, Dear Mike. 2. 正文(B

8、ody of the letter) ：齐头式或缩进式（推荐考研用后者） 3. 结束语(Complimentary close) ：谦称 结束语措辞据不同情况而定：1) 公务信函：Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Yours respectfully, Truly yours, Faithfully yours, Sincerely yours, Respectfully yours2) 私人信函：Yours sincerely, Yours lovingly, Yours, Yours affectionately, Yours cordially, Yours f

9、aithfully 4. 签名(Signature) 根据考研大纲，签名统一为“Li Ming”(英语一)或“Zhang Wei”(英语二),千万勿署自己真实姓名！语域(register)方面的要求： 1. 根据写作对象确定语域，通常给正式的机构写信就采用正式的语域，给朋友写信就采用非正式的语域。 比如：请告诉我你能否参加下星期的会。如果是和朋友有一个简单的聚会Let me know/Tell me if you can come for the meeting next week. 语域(register)方面的要求： 如果写信对象是组织机构、上司，或者陌生人，得这么写：Please kin

10、dly inform us of your availability for the meeting to be held next week. 假如是邀请朋友来共度周末How about coming down to stay with us for weekend? 假如是要求一个合作伙伴、领导之类We would like to invite you for a weekend.或We would appreciate it if you could come for the weekend. 2. 正式和非正式的一个标志之一就是有没有省略。正式的一般不能省略。 比如你给上司买了一张票，

11、希望他到你那里去取I would like you to come to my office to pick up the ticket. 写给朋友 Come to my office for ticket. 3. 另一个标志是有没有缩略语 I would like to(正式) ; Id like to(非正式) 书信更为重要的是内容的完整：必须包含所有的内容要点。 英文书信写作五原则:正确、清晰、简洁、礼貌和体贴。书信的种类与模板一、投诉信 (Letters of Complaint) 内容：说明投诉原因并表遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后果；提出批评

12、及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。 写作“三步走”：说明投诉问题描述具体情况期待解决方案 Tips: 语气要冷静、郑重、克制，不必过于礼貌。但也要就事论事，不能进行人身攻击。同时，在描述问题时尽量采用被动句式，使描述更加客观合理。 Dear_, I am _ (自我介绍). I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_ . The reason for my dissatisfaction is _(总体介绍). In the first place

13、,_(抱怨一). In addition, _(抱怨二). Under these circumstances, I find it _ (感觉) to _ (抱怨方面给你带来的后果). I appreciate it very much if you could _(建议和请求), preferably _(进一步要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by _(解决事情最后期限). Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your repl

14、y. Yours sincerely, Li Ming投诉信开头常用句式 I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with I can hardly tolerate it any more. I am shocked to find fail to meet my demand. It is regrettable for me to see that I can never explain how angry I am about投诉信结尾常用句式 I do hope that you would attend to this affair s

15、oon. I hope that you will consider my suggestions and improve the situation soon. We trust that you will consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind of matter. We will appreciate your willingness to make up for the loss. If you could not attach importance

16、 to it, we would turn toDrill and Sample (2012年考研英语二小作文真题) Directions: Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a prompt solution You shou

17、ld write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead. Dear Sir or Madame, I am Zhang Wei, a regular customer of your online store. I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about the flaws in the electr

18、onic dictionary that I bought in your store. The reason for my dissatisfaction is that there are several problems of the electronic dictionary. In the first place, the appearance of it had been scratched when I opened it. In addition, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work. Under these circums

19、tances, I feel that you have not kept your promise posted on the homepage of your online store. I appreciate it very much if you could give me a satisfactory explanation and send a new one to me, preferably refund me my money in full, and I hope you will pay great attention to the quality of your pr

20、oducts so that you will not make us disappointed. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely Zhang Wei二、询问信(Letters of Enquiry) 目的: 寻求所需信息。首先表明写作意图，说明写这封信的目的是要寻求什么样的信息；然后就某一具体问题进行询问；最后表明获取信息的急切心情，可以提供联系方式以便收信人与你联系，并表达你的感谢之情。 写作“三步走”：自我介绍、说明目的具体询问事宜表

21、示感谢、期盼回复 语言特点：比较正式、和缓，充分表达感激之情。同时，相比较语气直接的疑问句，用一些能够起到提问作用的陈述句更佳。 Dear _, I am _(自我介绍). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_.(要询问的内容) First of all, what are _? (问题一) Secondly, when will_?(问题二) Thirdly, is _?(问题三) I would also like to inquire _(最重要问题单

22、独成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects? Thank you for your kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated. Yours sincerely, Li Ming询问信开头常用句式 I am writing in the hope that you could inform me of I am writing to see

23、 if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding Can I make a request for the following information? I should be obliged if you could let me have the details of 询问信结尾常用句式 Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated. I am looking forward to your prompt response

24、/ a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. Sorry to bother you, but your kind help would be greatly appreciated.Drill and Sample Directions: You and your family are planning for a trip to Hong Kong during the May holiday. Write a letter to a travel agency to explain your travel plans, ask for

25、 relevant information, and express your gratitude for a reply. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead . Do not write the address. Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to ask for information about your agencys Hong Kong

26、 travel packages for the May holiday. My family and I plan to travel there from May 1st to 7th, in which period we would like to visit most of the scenic spots and shopping centers. A DIY program would be preferable. It would be greatly appreciated if you could provide us with your travel packages a

27、nd their corresponding price per person, covering both hotel and a return ticket. I would be grateful to receive a prompt reply as the holiday is approaching. Yours cordially, Li Ming三、请求信(Letters of Request) 请求信是对收信人提出请求，并希望对方满足该要求。写请求信的重点是要写清楚为什么要请求他人做某事，请求他人做某事的原因。 首先要说明写作意图，一定要注意语气要礼貌，用词要规范；然后具体

28、展开说明请求的原因；最后表示希望对方予以答复。 写作“三步走”：介绍自己、提出请求说明原因及其它事项表达谢意、期盼答复 Tips: 多数情况下，请求信是写给不认识的人或者机构，所以在信的开头可以做一下简单的自我介绍。同时，由于提出的请求往往都是需要麻烦别人的事情，所以要注意语气的礼貌程度，不要吝啬你的感谢。 Dear_, I am writing to formally request to_(请求内容). The reason for _ is that_(给出原因). I _, so I _(给出细节). I would also like to request _(提出进一步要求). I

29、 am sorry for any inconvenience (I have) caused. Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at _(电话号码). I look forward to a favorable reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming请求信开头常用句式 I am writing to seek for your assistance in I am sorry that I h

30、ave to ask for a favor of you, with the hope that you will be kind enough to help me.请求信结尾常用句式 I would like to thank you for your generous help in this matter. I will be very much grateful if you could Your answer will be gratefully appreciated.Drill and Sample(2006年真题) Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan. You should write about 100 words on ANSWE