考研英语复习之书信写作考研英语暑期备战.docx
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考研英语复习之书信写作考研英语暑期备战
2014考研英语复习之书信写作考研英语暑期备战
I.Thecriteria
II.Formatofaletter
III.Typesofletters
III.DrillsandSamples
考研大纲对小作文的要求
•遵循文章的特定文体格式。
•根据写作目的和特定的读者,恰当选用语域。
这是指公务和私人信函的语言不同,其他类型的应用文都要求较正式的语言
•合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯。
•语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当。
应用文行文流程
•审题:
根据Directions确定应用文类型、字数、构架
•想素材:
联想与本文相关的素材、词汇
•列提纲:
确定写作重点、组织素材成段,列 出每段提纲
•写作:
根据提纲与词汇,进行正文写作,注意格式
•检查:
标点、拼写和语法,审核字数
书信写作的基本格式
•书信(Letter)一般可分为公务信件或公函(Business/OfficialCorrespondence)以及私人信件(Private/PersonalLetter)两类。
•书信格式主要有英式和美式两种。
英式:
传统的缩进式结构,即每段的第一行缩进4-8个字符,且每段缩进距离一致;称呼顶格写,落款居中间偏右。
美式:
齐头式,商务英语与电邮中流行,特点是各段第一行都顶格写段与段间空一行,称呼、落款都顶格写。
书信结构包括:
•1.信头(Heading):
写信人地址和日期
•2.信内地址(Insideaddress):
收信人地址
•3.称呼(Salutation)
•4.正文(Body)
•5.结束语(Complimentaryclose)
•6.签名(Signature)
•有时还包括附言(Postscript)和附件(Attachment/Enclosure)。
书信范文格式:
缩进式
Mr.JimWang105XingangRoad(West)
Guangzhou,51027
June10,2013
DearMr.Wang,
InotedwithinterestyouradvertisementforaPRmanagerintoday’sChinaDaily.
YouwillseefromtheenclosedcurriculumvitaethatIammajoringinPRscienceatSunYat-senUniversityandhavewonprizesinthreeconsecutiveyears.YoumayalsoseethatIhadthreemonths’experienceasassistanttoa PRmanagerwhenIwasatrainerclerkatatravelagency.My responsibilitiesthereincludedalltypesofsecretarialwork,arrangingandattendingpresentations,workingwithclients,solvingproblemsthatarose,anddealingwithcompanyaffairsintheplaceofthemanagerwhenhewasaway.
AlthoughtheschoolhaspromisedmeateachingpostaftermygraduationandIcandoagoodjobofteaching,Ifeelthatmyprospectswiththeschoolwouldbelimitedandthattherewouldbemorescopeformytalentswithamorechallenginganddynamiccompany.
Ifyouconsiderthatmyqualificationsandexperiencearesuitable,Ishouldbeavailableforinterviewatanytime.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
Encl.:
curriculumvitae
考纲规定:
考研写作不需信头和信内地址,只需从称呼、正文、结束语,签名统一用LiMing
(一)或ZhangWei
(二)。
•1.称呼(Salutation)
•DearSirorMadam,Dearsirs,ToWhomItMayConcern(推荐信、证明信、鉴定信)
•DearMr.James,DearProf.Davis,DearDr.White
•DearSusan,DearMike….
•2.正文(Bodyoftheletter):
齐头式或缩进式(推荐考研用后者)
•3.结束语(Complimentaryclose):
谦称
•结束语措辞据不同情况而定:
1)公务信函:
Yourstruly,Yourssincerely,Yoursrespectfully,Trulyyours,Faithfullyyours,Sincerelyyours,Respectfullyyours
2)私人信函:
Yourssincerely,Yourslovingly,Yours,Yoursaffectionately,Yourscordially,Yoursfaithfully
•4.签名(Signature)
•根据考研大纲,签名统一为“LiMing”(英语一)或“ZhangWei”(英语二),千万勿署自己真实姓名!
语域(register)方面的要求:
1.根据写作对象确定语域,通常给正式的机构写信就采用正式的语域,给朋友写信就采用非正式的语域。
比如:
请告诉我你能否参加下星期的会。
如果是和朋友有一个简单的聚会→Letmeknow/Tellmeifyoucancomeforthemeetingnextweek.
语域(register)方面的要求:
•如果写信对象是组织机构、上司,或者陌生人,得这么写:
Pleasekindlyinformusofyouravailabilityforthemeetingtobeheldnextweek.假如是邀请朋友来共度周末→Howaboutcomingdowntostaywithusforweekend?
•假如是要求一个合作伙伴、领导之类→Wewouldliketoinviteyouforaweekend.或Wewouldappreciateitifyoucouldcomefortheweekend.
•2.正式和非正式的一个标志之一就是有没有省略。
正式的一般不能省略。
比如你给上司买了一张票,希望他到你那里去取→Iwouldlikeyoutocometomyofficetopickuptheticket.
写给朋友→Cometomyofficeforticket.
•3.另一个标志是有没有缩略语
Iwouldliketo(正式);I’dliketo(非正式)
•书信更为重要的是内容的完整:
必须包含所有的内容要点。
•英文书信写作五原则:
正确、清晰、简洁、礼貌和体贴。
书信的种类与模板
一、投诉信(LettersofComplaint)
•内容:
说明投诉原因并表遗憾;实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过,切记不要夸大其词;指出问题引起的后果;提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。
•写作“三步走”:
说明投诉问题—>描述具体情况—>期待解决方案
•Tips:
语气要冷静、郑重、克制,不必过于礼貌。
但也要就事论事,不能进行人身攻击。
同时,在描述问题时尽量采用被动句式,使描述更加客观合理。
Dear_______,
Iam______(自我介绍).IfeelbadtotroubleyoubutIamafraidthatIhavetomakeacomplaintabout____.Thereasonformydissatisfactionis____(总体介绍).Inthefirstplace,___(抱怨一).Inaddition,___(抱怨二).Underthesecircumstances,Ifindit___(感觉)to_____(抱怨方面给你带来的后果).
Iappreciateitverymuchifyoucould_____(建议和请求),preferably_____(进一步要求),andIwouldliketohavethismattersettledby____(解决事情最后期限).
ThankyouforyourconsiderationandIwillbelookingforwardtoyourreply.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
投诉信开头常用句式
•Iamwritingtoexpressmydissatisfactionwith…
•Icanhardlytolerateitanymore.
•Iamshockedtofind…failtomeetmydemand.
•Itisregrettableformetoseethat…
•IcanneverexplainhowangryIamabout…
投诉信结尾常用句式
•Idohopethatyouwouldattendtothisaffairsoon.
•Ihopethatyouwillconsidermysuggestionsandimprovethesituationsoon.
•Wetrustthatyouwillconsiderthismatterseriouslyandmakeanefforttopreventtherecurrenceofthiskindofmatter.
•Wewillappreciateyourwillingnesstomakeupfortheloss.
•Ifyoucouldnotattachimportancetoit,wewouldturnto…
DrillandSample(2012年考研英语二小作文真题)
•Directions:
Supposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestoretheotherday.Writeanemailtothecustomerservicecenterto
1)makeacomplaintand
2)demandapromptsolution
•Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2
•Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.
DearSirorMadame,
IamZhangWei,aregularcustomerofyouronlinestore.IfeelbadtotroubleyoubutIamafraidthatIhavetomakeacomplaintabouttheflawsintheelectronicdictionarythatIboughtinyourstore.
Thereasonformydissatisfactionisthatthereareseveralproblemsoftheelectronicdictionary.Inthefirstplace,theappearanceofithadbeenscratchedwhenIopenedit.Inaddition,someofthekeysonthekeyboarddonotwork.Underthesecircumstances,Ifeelthatyouhavenotkeptyourpromisepostedonthehomepageofyouronlinestore.
Iappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemeasatisfactoryexplanationandsendanewonetome,preferablyrefundmemymoneyinfull,andIhopeyouwillpaygreatattentiontothequalityofyourproductssothatyouwillnotmakeusdisappointed.
ThankyouforyourconsiderationandIwillbelookingforwardtoyourreply.
Yourssincerely
ZhangWei
二、询问信(LettersofEnquiry)
•目的:
寻求所需信息。
首先表明写作意图,说明写这封信的目的是要寻求什么样的信息;然后就某一具体问题进行询问;最后表明获取信息的急切心情,可以提供联系方式以便收信人与你联系,并表达你的感谢之情。
•写作“三步走”:
自我介绍、说明目的—>具体询问事宜—>表示感谢、期盼回复
•语言特点:
比较正式、和缓,充分表达感激之情。
同时,相比较语气直接的疑问句,用一些能够起到提问作用的陈述句更佳。
Dear______,
Iam__________(自我介绍).Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationregarding_______.(要询问的内容)
Firstofall,whatare__________?
(问题一)Secondly,whenwill__________?
(问题二)Thirdly,is____________?
(问题三)
Iwouldalsoliketoinquire______(最重要问题单独成段).Couldyoubesokindastosendmesomerelevantbookletsontheabove-mentionedaspects?
Thankyouforyourkindness,andyourpromptattentiontothisletterwillbehighlyappreciated.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
询问信开头常用句式
•Iamwritinginthehopethatyoucouldinformmeof…
•Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationregarding…
•CanImakearequestforthefollowinginformation?
•Ishouldbeobligedifyoucouldletmehavethedetailsof…
询问信结尾常用句式
•Yourpromptattentiontothisletterwouldbehighlyappreciated.
•Iamlookingforwardtoyourpromptresponse/afavorablereplyatyourearliestconvenience.
•Sorrytobotheryou,butyourkindhelpwouldbegreatlyappreciated.
DrillandSample
•Directions:
YouandyourfamilyareplanningforatriptoHongKongduringtheMayholiday.Writealettertoatravelagencytoexplainyourtravelplans,askforrelevantinformation,andexpressyourgratitudeforareply.
•Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.
•Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.
•Donotwritetheaddress.
•DearSirorMadam,
• Iamwritingtoaskforinformationaboutyouragency’sHongKongtravelpackagesfortheMayholiday.MyfamilyandIplantotraveltherefromMay1stto7th,inwhichperiodwewouldliketovisitmostofthescenicspotsandshoppingcenters.ADIYprogramwouldbepreferable.Itwouldbegreatlyappreciatedifyoucouldprovideuswithyourtravelpackagesandtheircorrespondingpriceperperson,coveringbothhotelandareturnticket.
• Iwouldbegratefultoreceiveapromptreplyastheholidayisapproaching.
•Yourscordially,
•LiMing
三、请求信(LettersofRequest)
•请求信是对收信人提出请求,并希望对方满足该要求。
写请求信的重点是要写清楚为什么要请求他人做某事,请求他人做某事的原因。
•首先要说明写作意图,一定要注意语气要礼貌,用词要规范;然后具体展开说明请求的原因;最后表示希望对方予以答复。
•写作“三步走”:
介绍自己、提出请求—>说明原因及其它事项—>表达谢意、期盼答复
•Tips:
多数情况下,请求信是写给不认识的人或者机构,所以在信的开头可以做一下简单的自我介绍。
同时,由于提出的请求往往都是需要麻烦别人的事情,所以要注意语气的礼貌程度,不要吝啬你的感谢。
Dear___________,
Iamwritingtoformallyrequestto________(请求内容).Thereasonfor______isthat_______(给出原因).I________,soI_______(给出细节).
Iwouldalsoliketorequest______(提出进一步要求).Iamsorryforanyinconvenience(Ihave)caused.
Thankyouforyourattentiontotheserequests.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,donothesitatetocontactmeat_______(电话号码).Ilookforwardtoafavorablereply.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
请求信开头常用句式
•Iamwritingtoseekforyourassistancein…
•IamsorrythatIhavetoaskforafavorofyou,withthehopethatyouwillbekindenoughtohelpme.
请求信结尾常用句式
•Iwouldliketothankyouforyourgeneroushelpinthismatter.
•Iwillbeverymuchgratefulifyoucould…
•Youranswerwillbegratefullyappreciated.
DrillandSample(2006年真题)
•Directions:
YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea.Writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.
•Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWE