外研社八年级初二下册全册语法总结Word文档格式.doc

1、还有一点要说明，陈述语序要记清。宾语从句引导词有：that，if/whether，疑问词。分别如下：1、陈述句变宾语从句（由that引导）当主句为一般现在时，从句可用任何一种时态；当主句为一般过去时，从句用过去相应的时态。当从句陈述的是客观真理时，从句时态要用一般现在时。如：1.She says that she will come.她说她会来。（一般现在时）2. She said that she wanted to have a try. 她说过她想试一试。（一般过去时）3.Teacher said the earth goes around the sun.老师说地球围绕着太阳转。（客观

2、真理）2、一般疑问句变宾语从句（由if或whether引导）Is it true？这是真的吗？（一般疑问句） I wonder if it is true.我想知道是否是真的。（宾语从句）注意：一般疑问句中的疑问语序要变成陈述语序，且whether常与or not连用。3、殊疑问句变宾语从句（由本身的疑问词引导）Do you know？ Where can I park my car？（两个特殊疑问句）Do you know where I can park my car？Module 3语法: to +v.与 v.-in作宾语本模块主要介绍to +v.与 v.-in作动词宾语的情况.规律：一

3、般来说，不定式（to do）表示将来的动作或行为，而doing形式表示经常性的、一般性的动作或行为，及正在进行的动作或行为。 一. 跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：1. Want to do sth. 需要做某事2.would like to do sth. 愿意做某事3. Hope to do sth. 希望自己做某事4. wish to do sth. 希望做某事5.plan to do sth.计划做某事6.need to do sth.需要做某事 7.decide to do sth. 决定做某事8.forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（还未做）9.remember to do

4、sth. 记着去做某事（还未做）10.try to do sth. 努力做某事11. agree to do sth. 同意做某事二. 跟v.-ing形式作宾语做宾语的动词有：1.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事2.finish doing sth. 完成做某事3.practise doing sth. 练习做某事4.keep doing sth. 一直做某事 5.give up doing sth. 放弃做某事6.stop doing 停止做某事三. （1）. 既可以跟动词不定式（to do）又可以跟v.-ing形式做宾语的词, 但意思不一样：1.stop to do sth.

5、停下来去做某事 （They stopped to listen, but heard nothing. ）stop doing sth.停止做某事 （I suggest we stop working and have a rest. ）2.see sb do sth.看见某人做某事全过程 see doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 3.hear sb do sth.听见某人做某事全过程 hear doing sth.听见某人正在做某事 4.forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事 （Dont forget to give my regards to them. ）forget d

6、oing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事 （I forgot closing the door. ）5.remember to do记得去做某事 （Remember to post the book for me. ） remember doing sth.记得做过某事 （I remember doing this exercise before. ）（2）. 既可以跟动词不定式（to do）又可以跟v.-ing形式做宾语,且意思区别不大的词有：1. begin to do /doing sth.开始做某事 2. start to do/ doing sth. 开始做某事 3. continue

7、to do / doing sth. 继续做某事 4. hate to do /doing sth. 讨厌做某事 Module4、5语法：if从句If除了有“是否”的意思，还有“如果”的意思，本模块中的if从句就是“如果”的意思，作为引导词，引导条件状语从句。两种形式：（1）if从句+祈使句例：If a snake bites you，take a photo with your mobile phone！（2）if 从句+主句 例“If you dont get up early，you will be late for school！（“主将从现”） 从句：一般现在时 主句：一般将来时wi

8、ll+doModule6、7语法：直接引语和间接引语1.直接引语：直接引述别人的原话.间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来.（1）直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，要把陈述句变成由that 引导的宾语从句。 Mary said, “I am glad to see you.”Mary said （that） she was glad to see me.（2）直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，要把一般疑问句变成由if/whether引导的宾语从句，同时语序改为陈述句语序。I asked Tom，“Are you a student?”I asked Tom if he was a stude

9、nt.（3）直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，要把特殊疑问句变成由疑问词引导的宾语从句，同时语序改为陈述句语序。He asked me ,“What do you want to buy?” He asked me what I wanted to buy.（4）直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，要使用tell sb to do sth或ask sb to do sth，如果是否定形式，则在to的前面加not.The teacher said to me，“Stand up, please.”The teacher asked me to stand up.2.直接引语和间接引语的转换1.动

10、词时态的变化：（注意划线部分）Henry said,“I dont want to stay here.”Henry said that he didnt want to stay there. 2.人称的变化：He said,“I have finished my homework.”He said（that）he had finished his homework. 3.语序的变化：当一般疑问句和特殊疑问句转换成间接引语时要变成陈述句的语序。He said，“Where is she？”yHe asked where she was. 4.在指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及个别动词方面变化：

11、口诀：这变那，过去变以前；来变去，明天变为第二天。指示代词时间状语地点状语动词this-thatnow-thenhere-therecome-gothese-thosetoday-that daybring-taketonight-that nighttomorrow-the next dayyesterday-the day beforeHe said，“I am here” He said that he was there.Module 8语法：时间状语从句引导词：when 当时候 before/after在之前/之后 as soon as 一就（主句与从句动作紧密相连） until.直

12、到（主句动作一直持续到从句动作） whlie当时候（while 后接持续性动词，因此常接现在进行时，即be+doing）常考题型：选择引导词。（方法：理清句子意思，判断主句与从句的关系，确定引导词.I will call you _I get to Beijing，句子的意思应该是表达为：我一到达北京就会打电话给你，主句与从句的动作紧密相连，因此应选择as soon as作为引导词。）时态：主将从现，即主句：一般将来时（will do） 从句：一般现在时（当主语是第一、二人称和复数时，动词用原形） （当主语是第三人称和单数时，动词加s或es） 如：Im sure hell come to se

13、e me before he _（leave）here. 主句（一般将来时） 从句（一般现在时）因此：从句中的主语he是第三人称单数，因此leave要加s，答案为leavesModule 9 、10语法：状语从句与would（1）原因：because（不能与so连用）目的：so that（从句常和can、could、will、would连用）结果：so（不能与because连用）程度结果：so.taht（so+形容词/副词+that+从句）让步：although（不能与but连用）（2）would表示“想象”结构为：would+动词原形本学期语法专项练习（ ）1.Do you know wha

14、t time _ ？Athe train leave Bdoes the train leave Cwill the train leave Dthe train leaves（ ）2. Could you tell me_? A. what do you do B. how old are you C. where you are from（ ）3. She asked me _ I worked hard or not. A. whether B. if C. that（ ）4. Mum asked _. A. where he was B, where was he C. where h

15、e is D. where is he（ ）5. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take（ ）6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled（ ）7. His parents asked him _his homework first.A.do B.to do C.did D.doing（ ）8.

16、Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent（ ）9. On my way home, I stopped _ some food. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought（ ）10. The teacher told the students _ football on the street. A. played B. to play C. not play D. not to play（ ） 11. Its time to have a class, lets st

17、op _. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played ） 12. He looks very tired. He must stop _a rest. A. having B. have C. to have D, has（ ）13.He_that his mother didnt like the music.A. say B. says that C. said D. says to （ ）14. I had a bad cold. The doctor asked me in bed for a good rest. A. staying B. st

18、ays C. stay D. to stay （ ） 15. Please tell Tom football in the street. Its dangerous.A. to play B. not to playC. playD. not play（ ）16.The books my mother bought for me are very interesting. I enjoy _them very much. A. to read B. reading C. to writD. writing （ ）17.Tom promised _ to the train station

19、at four oclock but he didnt arrive until six thirty. A. gettingB. leavingC. to get D. to leave（ ）18. She said she _sorry, but nobody would listen to her. A. is B. was C. were D. will be（ ）19. She asked me _I could lend my bike to her. A. that B. / C. if D. which（ ）20. She said she _three languages.

20、A. can speak B. will speak C. could speak D. could say（ ）21. Mr Green told us _some books from the bookshop. A. to buy B. buy C. buys D. buies（ ）22. Daming, youd better go to bed early tonight. OK. I_to bed as soon as I finish my homework. A. will goB. goC.goesD. went（ ）23. I have something importan

21、t to tell Mr Green. Dont worry. Ill call you _ he comes back.A. whenB. howC. whyD. while（ ）24. My father didnt go to bed _ he finished the work. A. before B. after C. when D. until（ ）25.The old man asked me_. A.if could I help him B.if I could help him C.where could he find his son D.where he can find his son（ ）26.My sister would_at home this Summer holiday. A.stay B.to stay C.staying D.stayed（ ）27. I _ my homework while my parents _ TV last night.A. did,have watched B. was doing, are watchingC. was doing, were watching D. am doing, were watching