外研社八年级初二下册全册语法总结Word文档格式.doc
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还有一点要说明,陈述语序要记清。
宾语从句引导词有:
that,if/whether,疑问词。
分别如下:
1、陈述句变宾语从句(由that引导)
当主句为一般现在时,从句可用任何一种时态;
当主句为一般过去时,从句用过去相应的时态。
当从句陈述的是客观真理时,从句时态要用一般现在时。
如:
1.Shesaysthatshewillcome.她说她会来。
(一般现在时)
2.Shesaidthatshewantedtohaveatry.她说过她想试一试。
(一般过去时)
3.Teachersaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun.老师说地球围绕着太阳转。
(客观真理)
2、一般疑问句变宾语从句(由if或whether引导)
Isittrue?
这是真的吗?
(一般疑问句)
→Iwonderifitistrue.我想知道是否是真的。
(宾语从句)
注意:
一般疑问句中的疑问语序要变成陈述语序,且whether常与ornot连用。
3、殊疑问句变宾语从句(由本身的疑问词引导)
Doyouknow?
WherecanIparkmycar?
(两个特殊疑问句)
→DoyouknowwhereIcanparkmycar?
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Module3语法:
to+v.与v.-in作宾语
本模块主要介绍to+v.与v.-in作动词宾语的情况.
规律:
一般来说,不定式(todo)表示将来的动作或行为,而doing形式表示经常性的、一般性的动作或行为,及正在进行的动作或行为。
一.跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有:
1.Wanttodosth.需要做某事
2.wouldliketodosth.愿意做某事
3.Hopetodosth.希望自己做某事
4.wishtodosth.希望做某事
5.plantodosth.计划做某事
6.needtodosth.需要做某事
7.decidetodosth.决定做某事
8.forgettodosth.忘记做某事(还未做)
9.remembertodosth.记着去做某事(还未做)
10.trytodosth.努力做某事
11.agreetodosth.同意做某事
二.跟v.-ing形式作宾语做宾语的动词有:
1.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事
2.finishdoingsth.完成做某事
3.practisedoingsth.练习做某事
4.keepdoingsth.一直做某事
5.giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事
6.
stopdoing停止做某事
三.
(1).既可以跟动词不定式(todo)又可以跟v.-ing形式做宾语的词,但意思不一样:
1.stoptodosth.停下来去做某事(Theystoppedtolisten,butheardnothing.)
stopdoingsth.停止做某事(Isuggestwestopworkingandhavearest.)
2.seesbdosth.看见某人做某事全过程seedoingsth.看见某人正在做某事
3.hearsbdosth.听见某人做某事全过程heardoingsth.听见某人正在做某事
4.forgettodosth.忘了去做某事(Don'
tforgettogivemyregardstothem.)
forgetdoingsth.忘记曾经做过某事(Iforgotclosingthedoor.)
5.remembertodo记得去做某事(Remembertopostthebookforme.)
rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(Irememberdoingthisexercisebefore.)
(2).既可以跟动词不定式(todo)又可以跟v.-ing形式做宾语,且意思区别不大的词有:
1.begintodo/doingsth.开始做某事2.starttodo/doingsth.开始做某事
3.continuetodo/doingsth.继续做某事4.hatetodo/doingsth.讨厌做某事
Module4、5语法:
if从句
If除了有“是否”的意思,还有“如果”的意思,本模块中的if从句就是“如果”的意思,作为引导词,引导条件状语从句。
两种形式:
(1)if从句+祈使句
例:
Ifasnakebitesyou,takeaphotowithyourmobilephone!
(2)if从句+主句
例“Ifyoudon’tgetupearly,youwillbelateforschool!
(“主将从现”)
从句:
一般现在时主句:
一般将来时will+do
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Module6、7语法:
直接引语和间接引语
1.直接引语:
直接引述别人的原话.
间接引语:
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来.
(1)直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语,要把陈述句变成由that引导的宾语从句。
Marysaid,“Iamgladtoseeyou.”→Marysaid(that)shewasgladtoseeme.
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句,变成间接引语,要把一般疑问句变成由if/whether引导的宾
语从句,同时语序改为陈述句语序。
IaskedTom,“Areyouastudent?
”→IaskedTomifhewasastudent.
(3)直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语,要把特殊疑问句变成由疑问词引导的宾语从句,同时语序改为陈述句语序。
Heaskedme,“Whatdoyouwanttobuy?
”→HeaskedmewhatIwantedtobuy.
(4)直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,要使用tellsbtodosth或asksbtodosth,如果是否定形式,则在to的前面加not.
Theteachersaidtome,“Standup,please.”→Theteacheraskedmetostandup.
2.直接引语和间接引语的转换
1.动词时态的变化:
(注意划线部分)
Henrysaid,“Idon'
twanttostayhere.”→Henrysaidthathedidn'
twanttostaythere.
2.人称的变化:
Hesaid,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”→Hesaid(that)hehadfinishedhishomework.
3.语序的变化:
当一般疑问句和特殊疑问句转换成间接引语时要变成陈述句的语序。
Hesaid,“Whereisshe?
”→yHeaskedwhereshewas.
4.在指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及个别动词方面变化:
口诀:
这变那,过去变以前;
来变去,明天变为第二天。
指示代词
时间状语
地点状语
动词
this-that
now-then
here-there
come-go
these-those
today-thatday
bring-take
tonight-thatnight
tomorrow-thenextday
yesterday-thedaybefore
Hesaid,“Iamhere”→Hesaidthathewasthere.
————————————————————————————————————————————
Module8语法:
时间状语从句
引导词:
when当…时候
before/after在…之前/之后
assoonas一…就…(主句与从句动作紧密相连)
until..直到…(主句动作一直持续到从句动作)
whlie当…时候(while后接持续性动词,因此常接现在进行时,即be+doing)
常考题型:
①选择引导词。
(方法:
理清句子意思,判断主句与从句的关系,确定引导词.
Iwillcallyou______IgettoBeijing,句子的意思应该是表达为:
我一到达北京就会打电话给你,主句与从句的动作紧密相连,因此应选择assoonas作为引导词。
)
②时态:
主将从现,即主句:
一般将来时(willdo)
从句:
一般现在时(当主语是第一、二人称和复数时,动词用原形)
(当主语是第三人称和单数时,动词加s或es)
如:
I’msurehe’llcometoseemebeforehe______(leave)here.
主句(一般将来时)从句(一般现在时)
因此:
从句中的主语he是第三人称单数,因此leave要加s,答案为leaves
Module9、10语法:
状语从句与would
(1)原因:
because(不能与so连用)
目的:
sothat(从句常和can、could、will、would连用)
结果:
so(不能与because连用)
程度结果:
so...taht(so+形容词/副词+that+从句)
让步:
although(不能与but连用)
(2)would表示“想象”结构为:
would+动词原形
本学期语法专项练习
()1.Doyouknowwhattime______?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
()2.Couldyoutellme_____?
A.whatdoyoudoB.howoldareyouC.whereyouarefrom
()3.Sheaskedme_____Iworkedhardornot.
A.whetherB.ifC.that
()4.Mumasked_______.
A.wherehewas
B,wherewashe
C.whereheis
D.whereishe
()5.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
()6Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled
()7.Hisparentsaskedhim_____hishomeworkfirst.
A.doB.todoC.didD.doing
()8.Don'
tforget_______theletter.
A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent
()9.Onmywayhome,Istopped_____somefood.
A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought
()10.Theteachertoldthestudents_____footballonthestreet.
A.playedB.toplayC.notplayD.nottoplay
(
)11.It’stimetohaveaclass,let’sstop______.
A.play
B.toplay
C.playing
D.played
)12.Helooksverytired.Hemuststop____arest.
A.having
B.have
C.tohave
D,has
()13.He______thathismotherdidn’tlikethemusic.
A.sayB.saysthatC.saidD.saysto
()14.Ihadabadcold.Thedoctoraskedmeinbedforagoodrest.
A.staying B.stays C.stay D.tostay
()15.PleasetellTomfootballinthestreet.It’sdangerous.
A.toplay B.nottoplay C.play D.notplay
()16.Thebooksmymotherboughtformeareveryinteresting.Ienjoy____themverymuch.
A.toread B.readingC.towrit D.writing
()17.Tompromised___tothetrainstationatfouro'
clockbuthedidn'
tarriveuntilsixthirty.
A.getting B.leaving C.toget D.toleave
()18.Shesaidshe________sorry,butnobodywouldlistentoher.
A.isB.wasC.wereD.willbe
()19.Sheaskedme________Icouldlendmybiketoher.
A.thatB./C.ifD.which
()20.Shesaidshe________threelanguages.
A.canspeakB.willspeakC.couldspeakD.couldsay
()21.MrGreentoldus________somebooksfromthebookshop.
A.tobuyB.buyC.buysD.buies
()22. —Daming,you’dbettergotobedearlytonight.
—OK.I____tobedassoonasIfinishmyhomework.
A.willgo B.go C.goes D.went
()23.—IhavesomethingimportanttotellMrGreen.
—Don’tworry.I’llcallyou_____hecomesback.
A.when B.how C.why D.while
()24.Myfatherdidn’tgotobed____hefinishedthework.
A.before B.after C.whenD.until
()25.Theoldmanaskedme______.
A.ifcouldIhelphimB.ifIcouldhelphim
C.wherecouldhefindhissonD.wherehecanfindhisson
()26.Mysisterwould_____athomethisSummerholiday.
A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayed
()27.I______myhomeworkwhilemyparents______TVlastnight.
A.did,havewatchedB.wasdoing,arewatching
C.wasdoing,werewatchingD.amdoing,werewatching