中考英语句子结构专题精讲Word下载.docx

1、如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。We are students.表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned col

2、d.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）注意：（形容词化的分词） My watch is gone /

3、 missing / lost. （不定式） To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （表语从句） The question is whether they will come. 特殊结构：系动词后面的成分也是表语，常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel（摸起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, go, become, get, turn, prove, turn out宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面

4、。 They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词

5、短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）说明1：宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可做动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用做动词宾语。说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。直接宾语指物。间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟，如：give , show （给看），bring , pass , buy

6、 等。 1. Our teacher told us a story . （us为间接宾语，a story为直接宾语） 2. The sun gives us light and warmth. （us为间接宾语，light and warmth为直接宾语） 3. We sent him a telegram. （him为间接宾语，a telegram为直接宾语） 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后。在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。在这种情况下，间接宾语前加“to”的有： give , show , send , bring , read , pass , lend , l

7、eave , tell , return , write , throw （扔）, promise（答应）refuse等。 for的有：make , buy , do , get , play（演奏）,order（命令）,sing , pay（为交钱） 例如： （1）I gave him a book. 改成：I gave a book to him. （2）He passed me the book. He passed the book to me. （3）He wrote me a letter.He wrote a letter to me. （4）He will buy me som

8、e books.He will buy some books for me. （5）She made me a cake.She made a cake for me.定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women who wear the companys uniform.（定语从句） His rapid progress i

9、n English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语I tell him somethi

10、ng interesting . 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。 （形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语） He has something to do . 他有一些事情去做（to do 为不定式作后置定语） 说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。The boys in the room are in Class Four. 这间屋子里的男孩子们是4班的。 in the room 是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。说明3：宾语从句做宾语时需要注意的点宾语从句三要素：1） 引导词, 要注意有疑问不能用that引导;2） 语序，要注意whats wron

11、g? whats the matter 以及what happened?虽然是疑问句，但却是陈述语序;3） 时态，要注意when不能与完成时连用.时态问题当主句是一般现在时（或现在进行时、现在完成时），从句时态：该用什么时态就用什么时态当主句是一般过去时，从句时态：一定要体现过去当从句是客观事实、客观真理时，从句时态:永远用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响。否定转移的条件：1）主语必须是第一人称（I、We）2）谓语动词必须是think、believe、suppose等必须使用whether的两种情况：whether to do；whether or not。状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，

12、说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类

13、如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）

14、In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语）说明：状语从句做状语时需要注意的点本质：判断上下句之间的关系选用何种从属连词时间状语：从属连词 when, while, as, as soon as, before/after, till/ until, sin

15、ce（自从）, by the time of 时态 当从句为一般现在时，主句可能是A 一般将来时 B 情态动词+ 动词原形 C 祈使句 当从句为一般过去时，主句可能是A 一般过去时 B 过去完成时条件状语： 从属连词：if， unless， as long as 时态：（同时间状语从句） 注意if ,unless之间的转换以及和“祈使句+ and/ or+ 含一般将来时的陈述句”的转换让步让步让步状语：though，although 注意不要和but连用（一个句子只能使用一个连词）原因状语：because, since（既然, 由于）as, for等目的状语：so that + 句子 In o

16、rder that + 句子 So as （not）to do sth. In order （not）to do sth. 【可位于句中，句首（位于句首时，用逗号与主句隔开）】 To do sth.结果状语： 常见句式结构 so + adj/adv + that从句 so + adj.+ a/an +单数可数名词 such + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词 注意和其他句式之间的转换so + adj/adv + that从句 too + adj.+ to do sth. （not） adj.+ enough+ to do sth.宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要

17、有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everythin

18、g in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）知识点3：句子成分分析解题要点（1）寻找谓语动词或系动词以确定主谓结构（2）寻找连接词以确定句子结构（3）分别检查主句和从句的主谓结构二、同步题型分析例1：In addition to pleasure, _ excitement, challenge, and relaxation. A the providing of garrets B games if providing C the games which prov

19、ide D games provide 答案 D 空格前为一介词短语、空格后为三个并列名。此句即无主语，也无谓语，故选择含有动词的答案 （D）。寻找动词是最快捷的途径。 例2：_has won consistent praise for her novels about Black children. A Virginia Hamilton who B Because Virginia Hamilton C Virginia Hamilton D The fact than Virginia Hamilton 答案 C 空格后面是谓语动词形式has own, 故空格内应主语句词，即（C）。 例

20、3：With affection and humor, poet phyllis McGinley _ of ordinary life. A the virtues were praised B praised the virtues C she praised the virtues D her praise of the virtues答案 B 此句有主语，但缺谓语动词，故选择（B）。 例4：_ became a state in 1876. A When Colorado B Colorado C It was Colorado D Colorado which 答案 B 空格后的谓动

21、词be came表明应选择一个名词作主语，即（B）。 例5：Because it hardens soft metals such as tin and lead, _ in alloys. A antimony is used B using antimony C antimony uses D to use antimony 答案 A Because 引导的状语从句主谓结构完整，而主句却主谓俱缺，故选择主谓完整而句意正确的答案（A）。 例6： The dominant philosophy of the Age of Enlightenmers _ in the universe in t

22、erms of forces that could be detected by the human senses. A an explanation for everything B attempted to explain everything C everything was an attempt D explained and attempted 答案 B 这是个含有定语从句的复合句。主句缺少谓语动词，故选择（B）。答案（D）亦为动词，但缺少宾语。例7：_ that both birds and mamma 8|5 become larger, their metabolite rat

23、es per unit of tissue decrease, and they generally live longer. A The truth B If true C It is true D To be true 答案 C 空格后面的连接词That 表明此处应填入主句，即含有主语和谓语的答案。四项选择中只有（C）是完整的句子。例8：Prescriptions for corrective lenses that are provided by an optometrist are often brought to an optician who _ the lenses. A gri

24、nding B grinds C they grind D are ground 答案 B 空格前面的连接词 who引导一个定语从句。此句缺少谓语动词，故选择答案（B）。答案（D）亦为谓语动词形式，但被动语态不适合本句。优质关于句子成分的知识：名词、代词、动名词、主语从句、数词等动词、动词短语名词、代词、动名词、宾语从句、数词等系动词后面的名词、代词、动名词、数词，介词短语等修饰名词或代词的词修饰形容词、动词、副词、整个句子的副词等补足语：补充说明主语或宾语的成分一、 能力培养（原夺宝奇兵环节）能力1：五种基本句型细讲1、S（主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓语） 主谓结构Time flies.

25、 1）S + V + 副词（状语）Birds sing beautifully.2）S + Vi + 介词短语（状语）He went on holiday. 3）S + Vi + 不定式（状语）We stopped to have a rest. 4）S + Vi + 分词（状语）Ill go swimming. 2、S （主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓语）+ O（宾语）主谓宾结构We like English. 1）S + Vt + 名词/代词I like music. 2）S + Vt + 不定式 I want to help him. 说明 常用于这句型的动词有：decide, hope

26、, learn, need, promise, want, 等。3）S + Vt + 疑问词 + 不定式 I dont know what to do. ask, decide, find out, forget, know等。4）S + Vt + 动名词I enjoy living here. advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。5）S + Vt + 宾语从句t think （that） he is right. hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。3、S （主）+ V（谓语）（ 系动词）+ P（表语）主系表结构We

27、 are Chinese. 说明 .除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, seem 等。表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 表延续的动词 keep, seem等。表瞬时的动词 come, fall等。.表语也就是主语的补足语。1）S + V + 名词/代词 He is a boy. 2）S + V + 形容词 She is beautiful. 3）S + V + Adv 副词 Class is over. 4）S + V + 介词短语He is in good health. 5）S + V+ 分词He is excited. 4、S （主）+ Vt（谓语）+ In O（间接宾语）+ D O（直接宾语）主谓双宾结构 I give you help. 1）S + Vt + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 I sent him a book. 2）S + Vt + 直接宾语+ To/for + 间接宾语 He se