英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围答案.docx

1、期末考试题型及范围PartI True or False (10%)来自整本书课后习题Part II Multiple Choice (10%)来自整本书课后习题Part II I Reading Comprehension (30%)课外Part IV Vocabulary (20%)来自课本英国部分和美国部分PartV Explanations (10%)十选二Give explanation to the following terms.1. Anglo-Saxons :They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down i

2、n England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.2. The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debat

3、e policy.These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them .3. The Bill of Rights of 1689In 1689,King James IIs daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne,on condition tha

4、t they would respect the rights of Parliament.The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.4. the Cabinet of the UKThe Cabinet consists of usually 20 most senior ministers. Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Pri

5、me Minister. Ministers are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions; individual Ministers are responsible to Parliament for the work of their departments.5. Constitutional MonarchyIt is a political system that has been practised in Britain since the Glorious revolution of 168

6、8. According to this system, the Constitution is superior to the Monarch. In law, the Monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of monarchy has been greatly reduced and today the Queen acts solely on the advice of her ministers. She reigns but does not rule. The real power lie

7、s in the Parliament, or to be exact, in the House of Commons.6. The New DealIn order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American de

8、mocracy and the development of American economy.7. the Civil Rights Act of 1964The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered to be the most far-reaching act on civil rights in modern times, forbidding discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender and national origin. Its the result of a

9、strong Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. The act added protections for the rights to vote, to use public facilities and to enjoy the same education as white people. It also contained provisions guaranteeing equal employment opportunities.8. The US Federal systemIt is a system of government in whic

10、h has two layers of rule. There is central or federal government for the nation which alone has the power to answer questions that affect the nation as a whole. There are also state and local governments. Each layer of government has separate and distinct powers laid down in the Constitution.9. Comp

11、rehensive schoolsComprehensives schools take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.10. the Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address refers to the short speech made by President Lincoln when he dedi

12、cated the national cemetery at Gettysburg. He ended his speech with the government of the peopled, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earthPart VI Questions (20%)八选二State your understanding of the following questions in at least 80 words for each.1. What were the results of the

13、 Industrial Revolution in Britain?The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways.First,its industrial productivity increased dramatically.Britain became the most advanced industrial country in the world.Second,urbanization took place.Many new cities sprang up.Third,it caused great changes in

14、 the social class structure.The capitalist class became the most important force in the country and the proletariat class emerged.2. What were the major causes of Britains relative economic decline in the post-war period?Britains economy experienced a relative decline in the post-war period for seve

15、ral reasons.First,Britain suffered great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the wars.Second,the era of the British Empire was over by the mid-20th century.India and other British colonies,which provided raw materials and large markets for British goods,gained inde

16、pendence.Third,Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of the 1960s.Whafs more,Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and the U.N. Security Council.Finally,Britain failed to invest in industry after World War II,

17、whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up by investing in industry.3. What are the general features of Britains independent schools?Britains independent schools require fees from students.Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system,most independent schools t

18、each what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through the private sector as well as tuition fees,with minimal government assistance. Since they are generally better funded than most state schools,they are likely to recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities.H

19、owever,the high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll although graduates of independent schools are more likely to be accepted by famous universities.4. What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimila

20、tion in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language,

21、customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.5. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with th

22、e development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.Whafs more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from fo

23、reign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.6. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, Americans continued

24、 their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and

25、 became a powerful country by the end of World War II.7. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.To win a presidential elections candidate has to sp

26、end millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a Preside

27、nt.Since the second stage is only a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates

28、 do not keep their word after they become President.8. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in Americas economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in Americas economic developmentln the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the wors

29、t economic depression in American history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Besides,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the Amer

30、ican economy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned above helped to set the countrys economic development on its right course,In all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.lt has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.